Secretion of middle ear in infants - Occurrence, recurrence and related factors

Objective: The present study aimed at evaluating the occurrence and recurrence of middle ear effusion and possible associated factors in the first two years of life of 190 newborns and infants, participants in the interdisciplinary prevention, detection, and intervention program at the Clínica de Educação para Saúde of Universidade do Sagrado Coração, Methods: Newborns and infants were monthly submitted to anamneses, otoscopy, behavioral hearing assessment using sound instruments and pure tones (pediatric audiometry) and tympanometry. Results: The results revealed that 68.4% of infants presented one or more episodes of middle ear effusion during their two first years, with more recurrence among males. Peak occurrence was between four and 12 months of age and, the earlier the first episode, the higher the probability of recurrence. Greatest incidence was during May and August. It was found that, of the variables investigated, the period of exclusive breastfeeding actuated as a protector factor. With respect of risk factors, it was observed that passive smoking, gastro-esophageal reflux and respiratory allergy were related with the recurrences of effusion. Conclusion: Findings revealed the importance of periodic auditory follow-up for infants during their first two years of life, considered to be the critical period of auditory system maturation, during which sensory deprivation can be responsible for damage to the development of speech, language and other auditory abilities. Copyright © 2005 by Sociedade Brasileira de Pediatria.

Potencial evocado auditivo para diagnóstico de surdez bilateral em dois cães

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Diagnóstico da otite média em cães: comparação entre radiografia convencional, canalografia e audiometria de impedância

Radiography (conventional and contrasted - canalography) and audioelectrophysiologic (impedance audiometry) tests were correlated with otitis media in 12 middle ear affected and 12 healthy dogs. When comparing both diagnostic methods, it was found that the reliability in the detection of otitis media in dogs was 100% for the first and 58.3-60.0% for the latter. Thus, it was possible to attest that the impedance audiometry was the most accurate method in the identification of otitis media in dogs when compared with radiographic assessments.

Morphological aspects of tympanic bulla after lateral osteotomy in cats

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a morfologia da bulla tympanica de gatos após osteotomia lateral unilateral. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados 20 gatos distribuídos em dois grupos de 10 animais cada, de acordo com o período de observação: B1 (8 semanas) e B2 (16 semanas). RESULTADOS: Nas radiografias em projeção lateral oblíqua realizadas no pós-operatório imediato observou-se a interrupção do meato acústico externo da bulla tympanica operada de todos os gatos de ambos os grupos (McNemar, p=0,0010*). Esta característica ainda pode ser observada nas radiografias realizadas 8 ou 16 semanas após a cirurgia (McNemar: B1 p=0.0020*; B2 p=0.0312*). Os exames macroscópicos revelaram que a bulla tympanica operada apresentava conformação semelhante a da bulla tympanica normal, com preservação da cavidade timpânica. Na maioria das bullae tympanicae operadas observou-se a presença de tecido conjuntivo na área de osteotomia. O resultado do teste de McNemar foi significante em ambos os grupos (B1 p=0,0020*; B2, p=0,0010*). A histomorfometria mediu a extensão de tecido conjuntivo presente no local da osteotomia. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre os dois grupos (Mann-Whitney, p=0,0524). CONCLUSÕES: A osteotomia lateral não alterou de maneira significativa a conformação da bulla tympanica. A regeneração total da bulla tympanica geralmente não ocorreu antes de 16 semanas de pós-operatório.

O efeito das orelhas externa e média nas emissões otoacústicas

Características como a freqüência de ressonância da orelha externa e da orelha média podem interferir na captação das emissões otoacústicas. OBJETIVO: Investigar a influência da freqüência de ressonância da orelha externa e da orelha média na resposta das emissões otoacústicas. DESENHO CIENTÍFICO: Estudo de série, prospectivo, clínico. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Foram feitas medidas com microfone-sonda na orelha externa, timpanometria de multifreqüência e teste de emissões otoacústicas por transitório e produto de distorção em 19 orelhas direitas e 20 orelhas esquerdas de indivíduos do sexo masculino e 23 orelhas direitas e 23 orelhas esquerdas de indivíduos do sexo feminino com 17 a 30 anos. As 85 orelhas eram audiologicamente normais. RESULTADOS: Não foram observadas relações estatisticamente significantes entre a melhor freqüência de emissões otoacústicas e a freqüência de ressonância da orelha externa oclusa e da orelha média. CONCLUSÃO: Os níveis de respostas das emissões otoacústicas por transitório e produto de distorção não são influenciadas apenas pela ressonância da orelha externa e da orelha média.

MORFOLOGIA DOS RECESSOS TIMPANICOS POSTERIORES

The sinuses of the posterior wall of the tympanic cavity are formed between the bony ridges, bridges and other osseous prominences, remnants of the tympanum widening process. Anatomical limits and relationships of these sinuses were observed in 100 human temporal bones. Many morphological variabilities were found due to different levels of development of the middle ear posterior wall. The most important sinuses of this complex are the Sinus tympani and the Facial Sinus (Facial recess) seen in all cases. The Lateral tympanic sinus is well-formed in 83% of the cases and the Posterior tympanic sinus in 20% of our series.

Secreção na orelha média em lactentes ocorrência, recorrência e aspectos relacionados

Objective: The present study aimed at evaluating the occurrence and recurrence of middle ear effusion and possible associated factors in the first two years of life of 190 newborns and infants, participants in the interdisciplinary prevention, detection, and intervention program at the Clínica de Educação para Saúde of Universidade do Sagrado Coração. Methods: Newborns and infants were monthly submitted to anamneses, otoscopy, behavioral hearing assessment using sound instruments and pure tones (pediatric audiometry) and tympanometry. Results: The results revealed that 68.4% of infants presented one or more episodes of middle ear effusion during their two first years, with more recurrence among males. Peak occurrence was between four and 12 months of age and, the earlier the first episode, the higher the probability of recurrence. Greatest incidence was during May and August. It was found that, of the variables investigated, the period of exclusive breastfeeding actuated as a protector factor. With respect of risk factors, it was observed that passive smoking, gastro-esophageal reflux and respiratory allergy were related with the recurrences of effusion. Conclusion: Findings revealed the importance of periodic auditory follow-up for infants during their first two years of life, considered to be the critical period of auditory system maturation, during which sensory deprivation can be responsible for damage to the development of speech, language and other auditory abilities. © 2007 Sociedad Chilena de Pediatría.

Perfil de usuários de AASI com fissura labiopalatina

Cleft palates cause alterations in palate and lip structures, and it may also cause hearing loss because of recurrent otitis media. The appropriate treatment is controversial. It may include the prescription of antibiotics and insertion of a ventilation tube, or even otorhinolaryngological and audiological assistance, and hearing rehabilitation, with the use of an individual sound amplifier aid (ISAA). Aim: To characterize the profile of individuals with cleft palate and hearing loss, users of ISAA are assisted by the center of otorhinolaryngology and speech therapy of a hospital specialized in craniofacial anomalies and hearing impairment. Retrospective Study. Material and Methods: Retrospective analysis of 131 charts of patients with corrected cleft palate and hearing loss, fitted with ISAA by the center abovementioned. Results: The sample (n=131) was characterized by a prevalence of females (53%), unilateral incisive transforaminal cleft (27%), presence of associated anomalies (51%), history of alterations of the middle ear (56%) and surgery intervention (56%). Conclusion: The general profile of the individuals with cleft palate and hearing loss, fitted with ISAA, was characterized by the predominance of cleft lip and palate, positive history of middle ear alterations, surgery intervention and bilateral sensorineural hearing loss. © Revista Brasileira de Otorrinolaringologia. All Rights reserved.

Photodynamic inactivation of biofilm: Taking a lightly colored approach to stubborn infection

Microbial biofilms are responsible for a variety of microbial infections in different parts of the body, such as urinary tract infections, catheter infections, middle-ear infections, gingivitis, caries, periodontitis, orthopedic implants, and so on. The microbial biofilm cells have properties and gene expression patterns distinct from planktonic cells, including phenotypic variations in enzymic activity, cell wall composition and surface structure, which increase the resistance to antibiotics and other antimicrobial treatments. There is consequently an urgent need for new approaches to attack biofilm-associated microorganisms, and antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) may be a promising candidate. aPDT involves the combination of a nontoxic dye and low-intensity visible light which, in the presence of oxygen, produces cytotoxic reactive oxygen species. It has been demonstrated that many biofilms are susceptible to aPDT, particularly in dental disease. This review will focus on aspects of aPDT that are designed to increase efficiency against biofilms modalities to enhance penetration of photosensitizer into biofilm, and a combination of aPDT with biofilm-disrupting agents. © 2013 Informa UK Ltd.

Etiologia e susceptibilidade à drogas de microrganismos relacionados com a otite média crônica supurativa em pacientes portadores de fissura palatal

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Escolares com malformação de orelha externa e/ou média: avaliação do desempenho escolar e dos comportamentos sociais

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Anatomia macroscópica e ultraestrutural da orelha da paca (Cuniculus paca, Linnaeus, 1766)

Pós-graduação em Cirurgia Veterinária - FCAV

Potencial evocado auditivo para diagnóstico de surdez em gato com síndrome vestibular periférica

The brainstem auditory evoked potential is an electrodiagnostic test that allows a functional assessment of the auditory pathways from the middle ear to the brainstem. This test, in veterinary medicine, is not commonly used in Brazil. This paper reports the use of auditory evoked potential for deafness detection in a cat with unilateral peripheral vestibular syndrome secondary to otitis media.

O tratamento da doenca renal cronica pode afetar a audicao?

Introdução:Doença renal crônica (DRC) é definida pela presença de lesão renal levando à perda lenta e progressiva da função renal.Objetivo:Comparar testes auditivos entre pacientes com DRC submetidos a diferentes método de tratamento.Material e método:Estudo clínico transversal. Os grupos foram divididos de acordo com o método de tratamento: hemodiálise (n = 35), diálise peritoneal (n =15), conservador (n = 51) e 27 pacientes saudáveis (controle). Pacientes com idade superior a 60 anos, perda auditiva congênita, síndromes genéticas, infecções de orelha média e transplante renal foram excluídos da pesquisa. A avaliação audiológica incluiu audiometria tonal, emissões otoacústicas evocadas transientes e Potencial Evocado Auditivo de Tronco Encefálico (PEATE); e as variáveis avaliadas foram: sexo, idade, diagnóstico de hipertensão arterial e diabetes, estádio da DRC, tempo de diagnóstico do diabetes e da hipertensão arterial, duração da DRC e do tratamento.Resultados:A idade, presença de hipertensão arterial e tempo de DRC foram estatisticamente significantes e controlados. O grupo conservador apresentou piores limiares auditivos na audiometria tonal e o intervalo III-V do PEATE significativamente maior que o da hemodiálise.Conclusão:O tratamento conservador mostrou piores resultados na avaliação auditiva, independente de diabetes e de hipertensão, reforçando que os pacientes submetidos a tratamento para DRC devem realizar avaliação auditiva completa para melhor compreensão da doença e de seus efeitos sobre o sistema auditivo.