36 resultados para micropropagação

em Repositório Institucional UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista "Julio de Mesquita Filho"


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O presente trabalho teve como objetivo desenvolver um protocolo para a obtenção de mudas de kiwi (Actinidia chinensis Planch), cv. Hayward, por meio do cultivo in vitro de cotilédones. Utilizou-se o meio de MURASHIGE & SKOOG (1962) -- MS, suplementado com dois tipos de auxina (AIA e AIB) e uma citocinina (BAP). Foram verificados os efeitos de três doses de auxinas (0,125; 0,250 e 0,375 mg.L-1), combinadas com três doses de citocinina (0,5; 1,0 e 1,5 mg.L-1) na capacidade morfogênica dos explantes. Procedeu-se o estudo histológico dos órgãos das plântulas obtidas in vitro, e verificou-se, também, a capacidade de aclimatação das mudas ex vitro. A menor dose de AIB (0,125 mg.L-1), independentemente das doses de BAP, foi a mais eficaz na morfogênese dos explantes. Não foram verificadas alterações histológicas e anatômicas das plântulas obtidas in vitro. Aos três meses após o cultivo ex vitro dos explantes, verificou-se a sobrevivência de 88% das plantas transplantadas em condições de campo.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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A descontaminação dos explantes é um dos princípios básicos para o sucesso da cultura de tecidos. Um dos problemas diagnosticados na propagação in vitro da figueira, através de gemas apicais, é a contaminação endógena dos explantes por bactérias. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a eficiência de alguns antibióticos em meio de cultura para o controle de bactérias endógenas em gemas apicais de figueira. Foram avaliados os seguintes tratamentos: T1(sem adição de antibiótico); T2 (30 mg L-1 de cloranfenicol); T3 (250 mg L-1 de ampicilina sódica); T4 (500 mg L-1 de ácido nalidícico); T5 (150 mg L-1 de cefalotina sódica); T6 (500 mg L-1 de tetraciclina), e T7 (400 mg L-1 de norfloxacina). Após coletados em campo, os segmentos de ramos contendo as gemas foram colocados em recipiente com água corrente. Posteriormente, as gemas apicais foram imersas em álcool etílico a 70% e hipoclorito de sódio a 2,5%. Todo procedimento de desinfestação externa dos explantes foi realizado em câmara de fluxo laminar. Os explantes foram inoculados em tubos de ensaio contendo 15 mL de meio básico MS suplementado, após a autoclavagem, com as doses de antibióticos de acordo com os tratamentos estabelecidos. Após a inoculação, os explantes foram mantidos em sala de crescimento por quatro dias no escuro e, em seguida, sob fotoperíodo de 16 horas de luz branca fria e irradiância de 25 µmol m s-1, na temperatura de 22 ± 3ºC. A assepsia realizada externamente nos explantes foi suficiente para o controle de contaminação fúngica, e a adição de antibióticos ao meio, após autoclavagem, foi eficiente para o controle de bactérias endógenas, cujo antibiótico ampicilina sódica proporcionou mais de 90% de explantes sobreviventes.

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This work was carried out with Psychotria ipecacuanha, a Brazilian medicinal plant the roots of which contain emetine. The main objective was to develop a protocol for the micro-propagation of these species, by testing different culture techniques, the temporary immersion system, and the semi-solid and liquid media systems. In the semi-solid system, experiments were developed in flasks of two different sizes containing MS, B5, and WP media to which were added different growth regulators. Innoculum density was also evaluated. The liquid medium system consisted of MS medium supplemented with different growth regulators. For the temporary immersion system, the MS medium received an addition of 1.5mg/L BAP and 0.5mg/L GA3, and a reverse digital apparatus and vacuum pump were used. The liquid medium system with MS medium supplemented with 1.5mg/L BAP and 0.5mg/L GA3 presented the best results for shoot proliferation in a period of 30 days in culture (2.37 ± 0.32 shoots/explant). Cultures carried out for 90 days in the semi-solid system, using 8.5 × 5.5cm flasks and 3 explants per flask, developed 1.80 ± 0.20 shoots/explant, achieving 3.06 ± 0.51 cm of height adn presented superior survival ratio (96%). Explants cultured in temporary immersion system for 90 days showed 2.30 ± 1.10 shoots/explant achieving a growth of 2.08 ± 0.12 cm and 52% survival.

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Micropropagation of Calendula officinalis L. is usually propagated through seeds and therefore shows high diversity in flower size and colour, what causes quantitative and qualitative chemical variability. A micropropagation protocol was established for clonal propagation of this species to achieve homogeneous biomass, more appropriate for the production of phytotherapics. Explants harvested from capitula were the most appropriate for the micropropagation process. MS culture medium supplemented with 1.0 mgL-1 BAP and 6.0 gL-1 Phytagel™ enhanced shoot proliferation, while MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mgL-1 Kinetin and 6.0 gL-1 Phytagel™, increased shoot elongation. Plantlets (80%) cultured in MS/2 medium supplemented with 1.0 mgL-1 de IBA rooted.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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The lateral shoots of the Aloe vera L. Burm have been inoculated in culture medium. The work has been divided in two phases. In the phase I different concentrations of NAA and BAP were added to the MS . In the phase II, plants proceeding of the MS were inoculated in medium containing or not spermidine and/or spermine. In the phase I the best results for mass production and shooting came out with the use of MS + 8,88 m mol L -1 BAP + 5,36 m mol L -1 NAA and these treatments didn't induce the rooting. Plants submitted to treatments with polyamines presented emission of roots during the phase II, suggesting possible inductor effect when used by isolated means during the rooting. No traces of oxidation were noted in the culture medium containing the polyamines. The use of spermidine in the culture-medium promoted a greater mass increasing and the most number of shoots was obtained with the use of the combination of polyamines. © 2008 1999, Editorial Ciencias Médicas.

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Stem cuts and seeds of Salvia officinalis were incubated on nutrient media for plantlets production and analysis of the total phenolic compounds, total flanovoids and antioxidant activity in micropropagated plants. Explants were obtained from seedlings and inoculated on MS with different concentrations of benzylaminopurine (BAP) and indolbutyric acid (IBA). After 30 and 60 days of incubation, the explants were scored for percentage of contaminated, dead and oxidized explants and mean bud numbers. For bud formation, the most efficient treatment was the medium containing BAP at 1 mg L-1, for the plantlet height the better medium was the control without the addition of plant regulator. IBA promoted the formation of few roots. Our results indicated that stem cuts incubated on media containing BAP and/or IBA did not increase the total flavonoid contents, but increased the total phenolics' by BAP and high antioxidant activity by 1 mg L-1 BAP.

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The high cost allied to the difficulty in the acquisition of the ammonium nitrate has been taking the accomplishment of works looking for an alternative for the substitution of this source of nitrogen. It was aimed at to study the technical viability of the substitution of the ammonium nitrate for urea, as source of nitrogen in the culture media for the blackberry in vitro cv. Tupy (Rubus sp). Nodal segments were used, already established in vitro, were inoculated in culture media MS and 50% MS, added of 1.0 mg. dm-3 of BAP, solidified with 6 g.dm-3 of agar, pH was adjusted for 5,8 and sterilized to 121 °C and 0,1 MPa for 20 min. The treatments consisted of the substitution of 0; 20; 40; 60; 80 and 100% of NH4NO3 for urea, and the swinging of nitrogen supplied by the culture media MS it was not altered. The explants were maintained by 60 days in growth room with temperature of 27±1 °C, photoperiod of 16 h and luminous intensity of 32 mmol m'2 s'1. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design, in factorial (6 x 2) using four repetitions with 16 plants each one. From the obtained results it can be concluded that the urea doesn't substitute NH 4NO3 in the culture media MS as nitrogen source in the culture vitro of blackberry.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Horticultura) - FCA

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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Horticultura) - FCA

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Biologia Vegetal) - IBRC