Chaunus ictericus (Spix, 1824) as paratenic host of the giant kidney worm Dioctophyme renale (Goeze, 1782) (Nematoda: Enoplida) in Sao Cristovao district, Tres Barras county, Santa Catarina state, Brazil

Dioctophyme renale larvae have been found in cysts in the gastric wall of 5.17% (3/58) Chaunus ictericus specimens from Sao Cristovao district, Tres Barras municipality, Santa Catarina state, Brazil. However, larvae of this nematode were not found in sympatric Chaunus schneideri. The larvae caused a mild granulomatous reaction. This is the first report of paratenic hosts for D. renale in Brazil, and probably is also the first in the Neotropical region. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Step Counting and Energy Expenditure Estimation in Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Healthy Elderly: Accuracy of 2 Motion Sensors

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Energy expenditure during daily activities as measured by two motion sensors in patients with COPD

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Nutritional evaluation of stage 5 chronic kidney disease patients on dialysis

CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO: Portadores de insuficiência renal crônica em diálise apresentam alta prevalência de desnutrição proteico-energética. Não existe ainda um método uniforme para avaliar o estado nutricional desses pacientes. Recomenda-se a aplicação de um conjunto de métodos subjetivos e objetivos para se chegar aos diagnósticos nutricionais adequados. O objetivo deste estudo é traçar o perfil nutricional de pacientes submetidos a hemodiálise. TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL: Estudo transversal descritivo realizado na Unidade de Tratamento Dialítico de Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil, em 2008. MÉTODOS: 48 pacientes tiveram seus indicadores antropométricos e bioquímicos caracterizados, sendo também submetidos ao questionário Avaliação Global Subjetiva modificada (SGAm), verificando-se possíveis correlações entre esses indicadores. RESULTADOS: A frequência de desnutrição moderada e grave variou de 22% a 54%, de acordo com o parâmetro utilizado. Com relação à adequação do peso ideal, 29% da amostra estavam com porcentagem de adequação abaixo do percentil 75, classificados como portadores de desnutrição moderada e grave. As correlações mais significativas foram observadas entre índice de massa corporal (IMC) e adequações de prega triciptal (PCT), circunferência do braço (CB) e circunferência muscular do braço (CMB); e entre o SGAm e adequações de CB e CMB. CONCLUSÃO: A desnutrição apresentou grande variabilidade de frequência entre os pacientes de acordo com o critério escolhido para avaliação. O acompanhamento nutricional de rotina e a validação de métodos que avaliem a composição corporal desses pacientes são de extrema importância para diagnosticar precocemente a desnutrição e assim prevenir complicações e reduzir as taxas de morbimortalidade nesta população.

Analytical and semi-analytical analysis of an artificial satellite's rotational motion

The rotational motion of an artificial satellite is studied by considering torques produced by gravity gradient and direct solar radiation pressure. A satellite of circular cylinder shape is considered here, and Andoyers variables are used to describe the rotational motion. Expressions for direct solar radiation torque are derived. When the earth's shadow is not considered, an analytical solution is obtained using Lagrange's method of variation of parameters. A semi-analytical procedure is proposed to predict the satellite's attitude under the influence of the earth's shadow. The analytical solution shows that angular variables are linear and periodic functions of time while their conjugates suffer only periodic variations. When compared, numerical and analytical solutions have a good agreement during the time range considered.

Study of Stability of Rotational Motion of Spacecraft with Canonical Variables

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Mean motion resonances and the stability of a circumbinary disk in a triple stellar system

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Comparison between Two Methods to Calculate the Transition Matrix of Orbit Motion

Two methods to evaluate the state transition matrix are implemented and analyzed to verify the computational cost and the accuracy of both methods. This evaluation represents one of the highest computational costs on the artificial satellite orbit determination task. The first method is an approximation of the Keplerian motion, providing an analytical solution which is then calculated numerically by solving Kepler's equation. The second one is a local numerical approximation that includes the effect of J(2). The analysis is performed comparing these two methods with a reference generated by a numerical integrator. For small intervals of time (1 to 10s) and when one needs more accuracy, it is recommended to use the second method, since the CPU time does not excessively overload the computer during the orbit determination procedure. For larger intervals of time and when one expects more stability on the calculation, it is recommended to use the first method.

Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester Effects in the Kidney During Ischemia and Reperfusion in Rats Anesthetized with Isoflurane

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Effect of haematocrit on pump and kidney dysfunction after myocardial revascularization

Objective - Kidney dysfunction is a common complication after cardiac surgery. It occurs in 7 to 31% of the patients. The lowest haematocrit after cardiopulmonary bypass surgery (LHCT) has been identified as a risk factor for kidney dysfunction after cardiac surgery. The aim of this study is to determine whether different levels of haematocrit during cardiopulmonary bypass surgery are related to kidney dysfunction.Methods and results-A prospective study was conducted on consecutive adult patients undergoing myocardial revascularization. Preoperative renal function was assessed by baseline serum creatinine level (CrPre). Peak postoperative creatinine (CrPost) was defined as the highest daily in-hospital postoperative value. Peak fractional change in creatinine (% Delta Cr) was defined as the difference between the CrPre and CrePost represented as a percentage of the preoperative value. The LHTC was defined as the lowest recorded haematocrit prior to weaning from the initial pump run. A category variable was created for haematocrit based on the distribution of values. The category variable had the following cut-off points: less than 23%, 23.1 to 28% and greater than 28.1 %. Lowest haematocrit (26.62 +/- 4.15%), CPB (74.71 +/- 24.90 min), CrPre (1.23 +/- 0.37 mg/dl) and highest CrPost (1.52 +/- 0.47 mg/dl) data varied in near-normal fashion. Statistical significance has been observed in the < 23% lowest haematocrit group (CrIPOD and Cr5POD; P = 0.006) and the 23.1 28% lowest haematocrit level group (CrPre and Cr2POD; P = 0.047). CrPre and Cr5POD did not differ between groups (P > 0.05). The multiple linear regression model confirmed that the determinants for higher %Delta Cr were age, body surface area and preoperative serum creatinine level.Conclusion - The LHTC was not identified as a risk factor for kidney dysfunction after myocardial revascularization.

Early initiation of dialysis: mortality and renal function recovery in acute kidney injury patients

INTRODUÇÃO: A decisão de quando iniciar a diálise em pacientes com lesão renal aguda (LRA) que apresentam síndrome urêmica está bem estabelecida, entretanto, com ureia < 200 mg/dl o melhor momento para iniciar a diálise torna-se incerto. OBJETIVO: Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a mortalidade e a recuperação da função renal em pacientes com LRA, cujo início da diálise ocorreu em diferentes níveis de ureia. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo desenvolvido em hospital escola, no estado de São Paulo, Brasil, envolvendo 86 pacientes submetidos à diálise. RESULTADOS: A diálise foi iniciada com uréia > 150 mg/dl em 23 pacientes (grupo I) e uréia > 150 mg/dl em 63 pacientes (grupo II). Hipervolemia e mortalidade foram mais frequentes no grupo I que no grupo II (65,2 x 14,2% - p < 0,05; 39,1 x 68,9% - p < 0,05, respectivamente). Entre os sobreviventes, a recuperação renal foi maior no grupo I (71,4 e 36,8%, respectivamente, p < 0,05). A análise multivariada mostrou risco independente de mortalidade relacionado à sepse, idade > 60 anos, diálise peritoneal e uréia > 150 mg/dl no início da diálise. CONCLUSÃO: Menor mortalidade e maior recuperação renal estão associadas com o diálise iniciada precocemente, conforme baixos níveis de ureia, em pacientes com LRA.

Can Delivery Dialysis Dose Affect Survival of Acute Kidney Injury Patients?

Intensity of dialysis dose in acute kidney injury (AKI) might benefit critically ill patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of intermittent hemodialysis (IHD) dose on mortality in patients with AKI. Methods: Prospective observational study was performed on AKI patients treated with IHD. The delivered dialysis dose per session was calculated based on single-pool Kt/V urea. Patients were allocated in two groups according to the weekly delivered median Kt/V: higher intensity dialysis dose (HID: Kt/V higher than median) and lower intensity dialysis dose (LID: Kt/V lower than median). Thereafter, AKI patients were divided according to the presence or absence of sepsis and urine output. Clinical and lab characteristics and survival of AKI patients were compared. Results: A total of 121 AKI patients were evaluated. Forty-two patients did not present with sepsis and 45 did not present with oliguria. Mortality rate after 30 days was lower in the HID group without sepsis (14.3% x 47.6%; p = 0.045) and without oliguria (31.8% x 69.5%; p = 0.025). Survival curves also showed that the HID group had higher survival rate when compared with the LID group in non-septic and non-oliguric patients (p = 0.007 and p = 0.003, respectively). Conclusion: Higher dialysis doses can be associated with better survival of less seriously ill AKI patients.

High volume peritoneal dialysis vs daily hemodialysis: A randomized, controlled trial in patients with acute kidney injury

There is no consensus in the literature on the best renal replacement therapy (RRT) in acute kidney injury (AKI), with both hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD) being used as AKI therapy. However, there are concerns about the inadequacy of PD as well as about the intermittency of HD complicated by hemodynamic instability. Recently, continuous replacement renal therapy (CRRT) have become the most commonly used dialysis method for AKI around the world. A prospective randomized controlled trial was performed to compare the effect of high volume peritoneal dialysis (HVPD) with daily hemodialysis (DHD) on AKI patient survival. A total of 120 patients with acute tubular necrosis (ATN) were assigned to HVPD or DHD in a tertiary-care university hospital. The primary end points were hospital survival rate and renal function recovery, with metabolic control as the secondary end point. Sixty patients were treated with HVPD and 60 with DHD. The HVPD and DHD groups were similar for age ( 64.2 +/- 19.8 and 62.5 +/- 21.2 years), gender ( male: 72 and 66%), sepsis ( 42 and 47%), hemodynamic instability ( 61 and 63%), severity of AKI ( Acute Tubular Necrosis-Index Specific Score (ATN-ISS): 0.68 +/- 0.2 and 0.66 +/- 0.2), Acute Physiology, Age, and Chronic Health Evaluation Score (APACHE II) (26.9 +/- 8.9 and 24.1 +/- 8.2), pre-dialysis BUN (116.4 +/- 33.6 and 112.6 +/- 36.8mg per 100 ml), and creatinine ( 5.8 +/- 1.9 and 5.9 +/- 1.4 mg per 100 ml). Weekly delivered Kt/V was 3.6 +/- 0.6 in HVPD and 4.7 +/- 0.6 in DHD ( P<0.01). Metabolic control, mortality rate ( 58 and 53%), and renal function recovery ( 28 and 26%) were similar in both groups, whereas HVPD was associated with a significantly shorter time to the recovery of renal function. In conclusion, HVPD and DHD can be considered as alternative forms of RRT in AKI.