Effect of water stress on herbicide efficiency applied to Urochloa decumbens

M.R. Rocha-Pereira, A.E. Klar, D. Martins, G.S. Ferreira de Souza, and J. Villalba. 2012. Effect of water stress on herbicide efficiency applied to Urochloa decumbens. Cien. Inv. Agr. 39(1): 211-220. This project aimed to measure the control efficiency of Acctil Coenzime A Carboxilase (ACCase)-inhibiting herbicides post-emergence applied to Urochloa decumbens (Stapf) R.D. Webster under different soil water contents. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at the Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agronomic Sciences, UNESP, Botucatu, Silo Paulo. The experimental design was a completely randomized design with four replications, consisting of a 9 x 4 factorial, combined with three water management systems (-0.03, -0.07 and -1.5 MPa) and three herbicides (fluazifop-p-butyl, haloxyfop-methyl and sethoxydim + oil using four doses (100, 50, 25 and 0% of the recommended dose). Herbicide applications were conducted at two vegetative stages for all species: a 4-6 leaf stage and a 2-3 tiller stage. The physiological parameters evaluated were as follows: photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration, leaf temperature and plant dry matter. The visual assessments of phytotoxicity were performed 28 days after herbicide application. The control efficiency was lower in plants grown under soil water potential conditions of -1.5 MPa, regardless of the herbicide used during the two application stages; however, none reached 100% control. Fractionation of the recommended herbicide doses reduced effectiveness, with the exception of the 50%-dose application of sethoxydim and fluazifop-p-butyl herbicides, which were also effective in the 4-6 leaf plant control under normal water conditions.

Estudo hodológico das aferências ao primeiro núcleo do circuito neural do reflexo auditivo de sobressalto: núcleo da raiz coclear

Las neuronas de la raíz coclear son las primeras neuronas del sistema nervioso central a recibir la información auditiva proveniente de la cóclea y se conectan con centros de integración sensoriomotora del tronco encefálico, especialmente con el núcleo reticular caudal del puente. Funcionalmente las neuronas de la raíz coclear están envueltos en el circuito elemental del reflejo auditivo de sobresalto juntamente con las células ganglionares del órgano de Corti, el núcleo reticular caudal del puente y las motoneuronas de la médula espinal. El reflejo auditivo de sobresalto presenta una serie de modulaciones como la habituación, la sensibilización, la inhibición por estímulo previo y la potenciación por un estímulo adverso. Las alteraciones en la reacción refleja de sobresalto y sus diferentes modulaciones poseen valor diagnóstico en la clínica médica de enfermedades neurodegenerativas y psiquiátricas como Parkinson y Esquizofrenia. Las modulaciones del reflejo auditivo de sobresalto ocurren mediante la influencia de diversos núcleos sobre los componentes del circuito elemental de este reflejo. El núcleo menos estudiado del circuito neural del reflejo auditivo de sobresalto es el núcleo de la raíz coclear. El patrón de conectividad eferente de las neuronas de la raíz coclear es bien conocido, sin embargo poco se conoce sobre los orígenes de sus aferencias y la identidad neuroquímica de las mismas. Estudios previos demostraron que el soma y en las dendritas de las neuronas de la raíz coclear están cubiertos por botones sinápticos de cuatro tipos, sugiriendo que existan diversos orígenes para estos terminales axonales, con características neuroquímicas propias. El conocimiento de las aferencias a las neuronas de la raíz coclear es relevante para comprender cual el papel del núcleo de la raíz coclear en las modulaciones del reflejo auditivo de sobresalto. Por lo tanto, ...

El papel del óxido nítrico en la modulación del proceso inflamatorio de la enfermedad periodontal

Nitric oxide (NO) is a free radical with participation in almost all physiologic host processes; however, in high concentrations it may damage the tissues. Its immunoregulatory action is present in the inflammation and in auto-immune mechanisms, being intensively studied in the medical area. Recently, some studies have also reported that NO could play a role as etiopathogenic factor of the periodontal disease, which shows inflammatory and multifactorial course. Due to beneficial or damage effects of NO, according to its concentrations, some studies have been focused in the evaluation of inhibitor of NO-Synthase (NOS) as therapeutic agents in inflammatory processes. In this context, the aim of this study was to report the role of NO and NOS inhibition in the periodontal disease modulation process. In conclusion, it could be suggested that NO seems to play an essential role in evolution of inflammatory periodontal disease, and that the NOS inhibition may be considered as a promising therapeutic in modulation of inflammatory process.

Actividad antimicrobiana de la solución de nanopartícula de plata en cultivo de Enterococcus faecalis

Objective. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the silver nanoparticles solution in enterococcus faecallis cultures (ATCC 29212), compared with various solutions of sodium hypoclorithe (NaOCl). Material and methods. Five Agar Petri plates were inoculated with E. faecallis and each of them was placed a cellulose dish embedded with silver nanoparticles solution, or a solution of sodium hypochlorite evaluated (Viarzon, Cloralex, Clorox). Chlorhexidine digluconate 2% was used as positive control and sterile saline solution was used as negative control. After 24 hours of incubation at 37ºc, under aerobic conditions, the zones of inhibition of bacterial growth were measured and the results subjected to the statistical t test among the experimental groups (= 5%). Results. The Cloralex showed to be the most effective reflected in the extent of inhibition in relation to other substances (p< 0.05), except that the chlorhexidine digluconate 2% (p> 0.05). The solution of silver nanoparticles provided a greater zone of inhibition than the sodium hypochlorite solution (Clorox) and Viarzon (p< 0.05). Clorox and Viarzon didn't provide zones of inhibition and were similar to each other (p> 0.05). Conclusions. The solution of silver nanoparticles presents antimicrobial activity in cultured E. faecallis, even higher than other commercial forms of sodium hypochlorite. Further studies should be carried out to determine its viability as irrigating solution in endodontics (AU)

Mapeamento da comunicação nas organizações bauruenses: verificando o empoderamento da comunicação no interior paulista

The quantitative research conducted on communication in organizations from bauruenses has served as inspiration for: the development of applied research regarding Brazilian organizational reality, to the communication courses and on the improvements in the communication aspect of the organizations in the region. The goal is to provide information related t the role of organizational communication and the public relations role in this process, measuring the empowerment of this community. The mapping methodology is based on structured questionnaires in order to capture ordinary factors, active and retroactive, from the communication processes such as: relationship types, channels and media, degree of interaction and interdependence between the parties; types of public involved in the process and the expectations of the organization in relation to goals, objectives, actions, events and activities programmed in communication. For the delineation of a reflective proposal from the data, we chose to work on analyzing three dimensions: the strategic communication, linked to the business model and information technologies; the internal communication, linked to culture, to the organizational structure and management that implies the new paradigms of relationship; and lastly, the intention to materialize the collected data on indicators and scales from attributes caused or inhibited from the excellent communication, including evaluation of the practice of Public Relations. This article presents the main results related to micro companies in Bauru, São Paulo.

Biochemical changes during the induction of mineral stress in plants of bell pepper cultivated in fertigation system

The greenhouse production associated with the fertigation management, have established in Brazil as economical alternative for several horticultural species. With this strategy this study had as aim to evaluate possible impacts in the metabolism of plants of bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.; cv Elisa) in response to the increase of mineral concentration in the soil. During the experiments, the some nutrient concentrations were altered, to obtain high values of electric conductivity (EC) in the soil solution. The EC values commonly observed in the traditional fertigation system were adopted, as control. It was also verified the possibility of reduction of the mineral stress impact by the application of organic matter in the soil. Parameters of the antioxidative response system, as the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase enzyme activities besides the proline content were evaluated to measure the extension of the saline stress and their effects on the plants. The increase of EC of the soil induced to the increase of the proline concentration and the SOD activity. Unexpectedly, it was verified that the saline stress inhibited the activity of the enzyme catalase. It was also concluded that the monitoring of EC of the soil is an indispensable tool to reach success in the fertigation system and that the study of the activity of the enzymes of the antioxidative response system, and the proline contents can be assumed as indicators in of the levels of stress in bell pepper plants (Capsicum annuum L.; cv Elisa).