Guia de endereços eletrônicos para o estudo de cardiologia

OBJETIVO: Ampliar os recursos didáticos para estudantes de medicina, médicos e profissionais da área da saúde, estimulando o uso da Internet para fins acadêmicos ou de reciclagem em cardiologia. MÉTODO: Pesquisados e selecionados endereços eletrônicos com conteúdo acadêmico nas áreas da anatomia, biofísica, fisiologia, semiologia, eletrocardiografia e diagnóstico por imagem, com critérios de seleção, incluíndo relevância do conteúdo, clareza na apresentação e riqueza em recursos de animação e, os sites obtidos, classificados quanto ao conteúdo e nível acadêmico. RESULTADOS: Obtidos 5 sites de anatomia e anatomia patológica, 1 de biofísica, 3 de fisiologia, 8 de semiologia, 7 de diagnóstico por imagem e 2 de eletrocardiografia. Como alternativa de acesso, os sites também foram organizados de acordo com o nível acadêmico. O conjunto de endereços resultou em um guia simplificado e hierarquizado de conteúdos para o estudo da morfologia cardíaca e do diagnóstico por imagem em cardiologia. CONCLUSÃO: O roteiro obtido é um exemplo do potencial da Internet como instrumento de aprendizagem, a ser utilizado em associação com outros métodos pedagógicos convencionais.

Estudo dacriocistográfico e tomográfico da via lacrimal excretora de cães portadores de epífora

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Controle de qualidade em microfiltração marginal

Pós-graduação em Ciências Odontológicas - FOAR

Efeitos da parede de levedura em dieta úmida na microbiota fecal, na produção de gás e na morfologia intestinal de gatos adultos

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of yeast extract (EPL) in the moist diet on the fecal microbiotal, gas production and intestinal morphology of adult cats. Twenty adult cats from both sexes were randomly assigned to four treatments: 1) moist commercial diet (control); 2) control + 0,2% yeast extract dry matter; 3) control + 0,4%; and 4) control + 0,6%. Fecal microbiology and intestinal morphology were performed by radiographic, ultrasound, colonoscopy and intestinal biopsy exams for histology. There were no significant differences (P>0,05) for lactic acid bacteria counts and clostridium-reductor, gas area in the bowel (radiographic), wall thickness of the colon (ultrasound) and colonocytes count/globet cells (histology). Through colonoscopy, changes in characteristics of the intestinal mucosa in animals receiving treatment 4 were noticed. It is concluded that the addition of up to 0.6% EPL had no effect on the parameters evaluated, but further studies are needed to understand the action mechanisms and additive effects for domestic cats.

Utilização de material alternativo para a obtenção e caracterização de biomodelos, por meio da técnica de impressão 3DPRINTER

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Relação entre a reatividade de pontos de acupuntura e atividade física com afecções ortopédicas determinadas por exames de imagens em equinos

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Importance of cone beam computed tomography for diagnosis of calcifying cystic odontogenic tumor associated to odontoma. Report of a case

The calcifying cystic odontogenic tumour (CCOT) is a rare benign cystic neoplasm not infrequently associated with odontoma. This report documents a case of CCOT associated with compound odontoma arising in the anterior maxilla in a 25-year-old woman. Conventional radiographs showed a large calcified mass with poorly visualized radiolucent margins. The extent and condition of the internal structure of the CCOT associated with odontoma was able to be determined based on radiographic findings from cone beam computed tomography. This advanced image technique proved to be extremely useful in the radiographic assessment of this particular neoplasm of the jawbones.

Morphometric study by image analysis of Ag-stained nucleoli in thyroids bearing proliferating lesions

The Ag-NOR staining technique and image analysis were used to evaluate morphological parameters (area, perimeter and axis ratio) in nucleoli from normal thyroids and from thyroids bearing proliferating lesions (carcinomas, adenomas and hyperplasias). Regions with normal appearance located close to adenomatous and carcinomatous regions, in the thyroid of every patient, were also analyzed for comparison with the respective pathological regions and with normal thyroids. Statistical analysis of data for the nucleolar area and perimeter allowed the separation of adenomas and carcinomas from hyperplasias and normal tissue but not the two components in each of these two groups. However, if we look at the numbers, a sequence of increasing nucleolar mean areas in the order: normal, hyperplasia, adenoma and carcinoma may be observed, indicating the sequence of increasing rRNA requirements in these different kinds of cells. The axis ratio that denotes the nucleolar shape (round or oblong) did not show significant differences among tissues, suggesting that shape is not important in the characterization of these pathologies. Differences in nucleolar areas and perimeter between normal and affected regions from each patient were statistically significant for adenomas and carcinomas. When these normal regions were compared with the normal thyroids, significant differences were not obtained in the three evaluated parameters. The observations and their importance for histopathological diagnosis are discussed.

Influence of image filters on the reproducibility of measurements of alveolar bone loss

The reproducibility of measurements of alveolar bone loss on radiographs may be a problem on epidemiologic studies, as they are based on comparisons of the diagnosis of various examiners. The aim of the present research paper was to assess the inter- and intra-examiner reproducibility of measurements of the interproximal alveolar bone loss on non-manipulated digital radiographs and after the application of image filters. Five Oral Radiologists measured the distance between the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) to the alveolar crest or to the deepest point of the bony defect on 12 interproximal digital radiographs of molars and bicuspids of a dry human skull. The digital manipulation and the linear measurements were obtained with the Trophy Windows software (Throphy®). For each image, six different versions were created: 1) non-manipulated; 2) bright-contrast adjustment; 3) negative; 4) negative with brightness-contrast adjustment; 5) pseudo-colored; 6) pseudo-colored with brightness-contrast adjustment. In order to prevent interpretation bias because of the repetition of measurements, the examiners measured the radiographs in a random sequence. The two-way ANOVA test at 5% level of significance to compare the means of readings of the same operator with each filter indicated p<0.05 for the majority of operators, while the comparison between the mean values of operators using the same filter indicated p>0.05 for all filters. Based on the results, we concluded that linear measurements of interproximal alveolar bone loss on digital radiographs are highly reproducible among examiners. Nevertheless, the application of image filters significantly influenced the degree of intra-examiner reproducibility. Some filters even reduced the reproducibility of intra-examiner readings.

Characterization of texture in image of skin lesions by support vector machine

Due to the increased incidence of skin cancer, computational methods based on intelligent approaches have been developed to aid dermatologists in the diagnosis of skin lesions. This paper proposes a method to classify texture in images, since it is an important feature for the successfully identification of skin lesions. For this is defined a feature vector, with the fractal dimension of images through the box-counting method (BCM), which is used with a SVM to classify the texture of the lesions in to non-irregular or irregular. With the proposed solution, we could obtain an accuracy of 72.84%. © 2012 AISTI.

Image quality evaluation of chest for computed radiography

The daily-to-day of medical practice is marked by a constant search for an accurate diagnosis and therapeutic assessment. For this purpose the doctor serves up a wide variety of imaging techniques, however, the methods using ionizing radiation still the most widely used because it is considered cheaper and above all very efficient when used with control and quality. The optimization of the risk-benefit ratio is considered a major breakthrough in relation to conventional radiology, though this is not the reality of computing and digital radiology, where Brazil has not established standards and protocols for this purpose. This work aims to optimize computational chest radiographs (anterior-posterior projection-AP). To achieve this objective were used a homogeneous phantoms that simulate the characteristics of absorption and scattering of radiation close to the chest of a patient standard. Another factor studied was the subjective evaluation of image quality, carried out by visual grading assessment (VGA) by specialists in radiology, using an anthropomorphic phantom to identify the best image for a particular pathology (fracture or pneumonia). Quantifying the corresponding images indicated by the radiologist was performed from the quantification of physical parameters (Detective Quantum Efficiency - DQE, Modulation Transfer Function - MTF and Noise Power Spectrum - NPS) using the software MatLab®. © 2013 Springer-Verlag.

Classification of masses in mammographic image using wavelet domain features and polynomial classifier

Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women. In CAD systems, several studies have investigated the use of wavelet transform as a multiresolution analysis tool for texture analysis and could be interpreted as inputs to a classifier. In classification, polynomial classifier has been used due to the advantages of providing only one model for optimal separation of classes and to consider this as the solution of the problem. In this paper, a system is proposed for texture analysis and classification of lesions in mammographic images. Multiresolution analysis features were extracted from the region of interest of a given image. These features were computed based on three different wavelet functions, Daubechies 8, Symlet 8 and bi-orthogonal 3.7. For classification, we used the polynomial classification algorithm to define the mammogram images as normal or abnormal. We also made a comparison with other artificial intelligence algorithms (Decision Tree, SVM, K-NN). A Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curve is used to evaluate the performance of the proposed system. Our system is evaluated using 360 digitized mammograms from DDSM database and the result shows that the algorithm has an area under the ROC curve Az of 0.98 ± 0.03. The performance of the polynomial classifier has proved to be better in comparison to other classification algorithms. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Automated diagnosis of human intestinal parasites using optical microscopy images

Intestinal parasitosis constitutes a serious health problem in most tropical countries. The diagnosis of enteroparasites in laboratory routine relies on the examination of stool samples using optical microscopy and the error rates usually range from moderate to high. Approaches based on automatic image analysis have been proposed, but the methods are usually specific for some species, some of them are computationally expensive, and image acquisition and focus are manual. We present a solution to automate the diagnosis of the 15 most common species of enteroparasites in Brazil, using a sensitive parasitological technique, a motorized microscope with digital camera for automatic image acquisition and focus, and fast image analysis methods. The results indicate that our solution is effective and suitable for laboratory routine, in which the exam must be concluded in a few minutes. © 2013 IEEE.

Evaluation of the double agar gel immunodiffusion test and of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with chronic pulmonary aspergillosis

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento do Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)