36 resultados para heavy rainfall events
em Repositório Institucional UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista "Julio de Mesquita Filho"
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O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a mobilidade do herbicida sulfentrazone em duas classes de solos (Nitossolo Vermelho e Neossolo Quartzarênico), em função de índices pluviométricos crescentes, sendo, portanto, influenciado pelas propriedades químicas e físicas dos solos com diferentes teores de ferro. em tubos de PVC de 10 cm de diâmetro por 50 cm de comprimento, preenchidos com os solos e saturados com água a 65% (p/p), foi aplicado o sulfentrazone (800 g ha-1). Na seqüência, foram simuladas chuvas diárias de 10 mm até atingir os índices pluviométricos de 30, 60 e 90 mm. Os tubos de PVC foram então desmontados - semeando-se Sorghum bicolor nas profundidades correspondentes de 2,5; 7,5; 12,5; 17,5; 22,5; e 30,0 cm da superfície do tubo - e mantidos em casa de vegetação por 15 dias, para avaliação da germinação e do crescimento inicial das plântulas. No final do experimento foram avaliadas as alterações morfofisiológicas que caracterizavam os efeitos tóxicos do produto, além de se medir o comprimento da parte aérea até a última lígula visível e a fitomassa seca das plantas. Quando sob precipitação de 90 mm no Neossolo Quartzarênico, o sulfentrazone formou uma banda de arraste de até 12,5 cm e, no Nitossolo Vermelho, até os 7,5 cm.
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O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a influência da ocorrência de chuva em diferentes períodos de tempo após a aplicação do herbicida diquat, em sua eficiência de controle sobre plantas de Salvinia auriculata, Pistia stratiotes e Eichhornia crassipes. Foram estudadas chuvas de 10 mm, aplicadas durante 5min, em diferentes períodos de tempo (0h, 0,25h, 0,5h, 1h, 2h, 4h, 6h, 12h e não simulação de chuva) após a aplicação de diquat, na formulação Reward, a 600 g i.a. ha-1 (2,5 L p.c. ha-1). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições. As plantas foram avaliadas visualmente aos 3, 5, 7 e 12 dias após a aplicação (DAA), sendo os resultados submetidos à análise de variância pelo teste F, e as médias dos tratamentos, comparadas pelo teste de Tukey (p<0,05). O herbicida diquat proporcionou excelente controle de todas as espécies estudadas, independentemente do período de tempo para ocorrência de chuva depois de sua aplicação, até mesmo com ocorrência de chuva imediatamente após sua aplicação.
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Pós-graduação em Geologia Regional - IGCE
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Pós-graduação em Geografia - FCT
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Agricultura) - FCA
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Methods of recording soil erosion using photographs exist but they are not commonly considered in scientific studies. Digital images may hold an expressive amount of information that can be extracted quickly in different manners. The investigation of several metrics that were initially developed for landscape ecology analysis constitutes one method. In this study we applied a method of landscape metrics to quantify the spatial configuration of surface micro-topography and erosion-related features, in order to generate a possible complementary tool for environmental management. In a 3.7 m wide and 9.7 m long soil box used during a rainfall simulation study, digital images were systematically acquired in four instances: (a) when the soil was dry; (b) after a short duration rain for initial wetting; (c) after the first erosive rain; and (d) after the 2nd erosive rain. Thirteen locations were established in the box and digital photos were taken at these locations with the camera positioned at the same orthogonal distance from the soil surface under the same ambient light intensity. Digital photos were converted into bimodal images and seven landscape metrics were analyzed: percentage of land, number of patches, density of patches, largest patch index, edge density, shape index, and fractal dimension. Digital images were an appropriate tool because they can generate data very quickly. The landscape metrics were sensitive to changes in soil surface micro-morphology especially after the 1st erosive rain event, indicating significant erosional feature development between the initial wetting and first erosive rainfall. The method is considered suitable for spatial patterns of soil micro-topography evolution from rainfall events that bear similarity to landscape scale pattern evolution from eco-hydrological processes. Although much more study is needed for calibrating the landscape metrics at the micro-scale, this study is a step forward in demonstrating the advantages of the method.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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Results are presented from a search for the pair-production of heavy quarks, QQ̄, that decay exclusively into a top quark and a W or Z boson. The search is performed using a sample of proton-proton collisions at √s = 7 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5.0 fb-1, collected by the Compact Muon Solenoid experiment. The signal region is defined using a sample of events containing one electron or muon, missing transverse momentum, and at least four jets with large transverse momenta, where one jet is likely to originate from the decay of a bottom quark. No significant excess of events is observed with respect to the standard model expectations. Assuming a strong pair-production mechanism, quark masses below 675 (625) GeV decaying into tW (tZ) are excluded at the 95 % confidence level.[Figure not available: see fulltext.] © 2013 CERN for the benefit of the CMS collaboration.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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We discuss processes leading to two photon final states in peripheral heavy ion collisions at RHIC. Due to the large photon luminosity we show that the continuum subprocess gamma gamma -> gamma gamma can be observed with a large number of events. We study this reaction when it is intermediated by a resonance made of quarks or gluons and discuss its interplay with the continuum process, verifying that in several cases the resonant process ovewhelms the continuum one. It is also investigated the possibility of observing a scalar resonance (the sigma meson) in this process. Assuming for the sigma, the mass and total decay width values recently reported by the E791 Collaboration we show that RHIC may detect this particle in its two photon decay mode if its partial photonic decay width is of the order of the ones discussed in the literature.
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We search for anomalous production of heavy-flavor quark jets in association with W bosons at the Fermilab Tevatron p(p) over bar Collider in final states in which the heavy-flavor quark content is enhanced by requiring at least one tagged jet in an event. Jets are tagged using one algorithm based on semileptonic decays of b/c hadrons, and another on their lifetimes. We compare e+jets (164 pb(-1)) and mu+jets (145 pb(-1)) channels collected with the D0 detector at root s = 1.96 TeV to expectations from the standard model and set upper limits on anomalous production of such events.