Usefulness of vaginal cytology tests in women with previous hysterectomy for benign diseases: assessment of 53,891 tests

Objective. To assess the value of vaginal screening cytology after hysterectomy for benign disease.Methods. This cross-sectional study used cytology audit data from 2,512,039 screening tests in the metropolitan region of Campinas from 2000 to 2012; the object was to compare the prevalence of abnormal tests in women who had undergone a hysterectomy for benign diseases (n = 53,891) to that of women who had had no hysterectomy. Prevalence ratios (95% confidence intervals, 95% Cl) were determined, and chi-square analysis, modified by the Cochrane-Armitage test for trend, was used to investigate the effects of age.Results. The prevalence of atypical squamous cells (ASC), low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion or squamous-cell carcinoma (HSIL/SCC) was 0.13%, 0.04% and 0.03%, respectively, in women who had undergone hysterectomy, and 0.93%, 0.51% and 0.26% in women who had not undergone hysterectomy. The prevalence ratios for ASC, LSIL and HSIL/SCC were 0.14(0.11-0.17), 0.08 (0.06-0.13) and 0.13 (0.08-020), respectively, in women with a hysterectomy versus those without. For HSIL/SCC, the prevalence ratios were 0.09 and 029, respectively, for women <50 or >= 50 years. The prevalence rates in women with a previous hysterectomy showed no significant variation with age.Conclusion. The prevalence rates of ASC, LSIL and HSIL/SCC were significantly lower in women with a previous hysterectomy for benign disease compared with those observed in women with an intact uterine cervix. This study reinforces the view that there is no evidence that cytological screening is beneficial for women who have had a hysterectomy for benign disease. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Adherence and intracellular parasitism of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis in Vero cells

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis is a dimorphic fungus known to produce invasive systemic disease in humans. The 43-kDa glycoprotein of P, brasiliensis is the major diagnostic antigen of paracoccidioidomycosis and may act as a virulence factor, since it is a receptor for laminin. Very little is known about early interact-ions between this fungus and the host cells, so we developed in vitro a model system employing cultured mammalian cells (Vero cells), in order to investigate the factors and virulence mechanisms of P. brasiliensis related to the adhesion and invasion process. We found that there is a permanent interaction after 30 min of contact between the fungus and the cells. The yeasts multiply in the cells for between 5 and 24 h. Different strains of P, brasiliensis were compared, and strain 18 thigh virulence) was the most strongly adherent, followed by strain 113 (virulent), 265 (considered of low virulence) and 113M(mutant obtained by ultraviolet radiation, deficient in gp43). P. brasiliensis adhered to the epithelial cells by a narrow tube, while depressions were noticed in the cell surface, suggesting an active cavitation process. An inhibition assay was performed and it was verified that anti-gp43 serum and a pool of sera from individuals with paracoccidioidomycosis were able to inhibit the adhesion of P. brasiliensis to the Vero cells. Glycoprotein 43 (gp43) antiserum abolished 85 % of the binding activity of P. brasiliensis. This fungus can also invade the Vero cells, and intraepithelial parasitism could be an escape mechanism in paracoccidioidomycosis. (C) 2000 Editions scientifiques et medicales Elsevier SAS.

Predictors of adherence to influenza vaccination for healthcare workers from a teaching hospital: a study in the prepandemic era

Introduction: Even before the 2009 pandemics, influenza in healthcare workers (HCW) was a known threat to patient safety, while Influenza vaccine coverage in the same group was generally low. Identification of predictors for HCW adherence to Influenza vaccination has challenged infection control committees. Methods: Our group conducted a cross-sectional survey in December 2007, interviewing 125 HCWs from a teaching hospital to identify adherence predictors for Influenza vaccination. The outcomes of interest were: A - adherence to the 2007 vaccination campaign; B - adherence to at least three yearly campaigns in the past five years. Demographic and professional data were assessed through univariate and multivariate analysis. Results: of the HCWs interviewed, 43.2% were vaccinated against Influenza in 2007. However, only 34.3% of HCWs working in healthcare for more than five years had adhered to at least three of the last five vaccination campaigns. Multivariate analysis showed that working in a pediatric unit (OR = 7.35, 95% I = 1.90-28.44, p = 0.004) and number of years in the job (OR = 1.32, 95%CI = 1.00-1.74, p = 0.049) were significant predictors of adherence to the 2007 campaign. Physicians returned the worst outcome performances in A (OR = 0.40, 95%CI = 0.16-0.97, p = 0.04) and B (OR = 0.17, 95%CI = 0.05-0.60, p = 0.006). Conclusions: Strategies to improve adherence to Influenza vaccination should focus on physicians and newly-recruited HCWs. New studies are required to assess the impact of the recent Influenza A pandemics on HCW-directed immunization policies.

Fatigue and Fluoride Corrosion on Streptococcus mutans Adherence to Titanium-Based Implant/Component Surfaces

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Adherence in vitro of Candida albicans to plasma treated acrylic resin. Effect of plasma parameters, surface roughness and salivary pellicle

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Evaluation of fungal adherence to plasma-modified polymethylmethacrylate

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Surface Roughness and Bacterial Adherence to Resin Composites and Ceramics

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the surface roughness and the in vitro adherence of Streptococcus mutans to indirect aesthetic restorative materials that are uncoated with saliva.Materials and Methods: Four groups of restorative materials were evaluated according to material type: (1) microparticulate feldspathic ceramic; (2) leucite-reinforced feldspathic ceramic; (3) microhybrid resin composite and (4) microfilled resin composite. Twenty standardised samples of each material were produced. Roughness analysis (Ra, n = 10) was performed using a roughness analyser. Adhesion tests (n = 10) were carried out in 24-well plates; colony-forming units (CFU/mL) were evaluated. The mean values of roughness (mu m) and adherence (CFU/mL) for each group were subjected to an analysis of variance and a Tukey test.Results: The leucite-reinforced feldspathic ceramic was rougher and presented higher bacterial adherence than the microparticulate feldspathic ceramic. The resin composites were similar with regard to surface roughness and bacterial adherence.Conclusions: The microhybrid and microfilled resin composites were similar and the leucite-reinforced feldspathic ceramic was rougher and presented higher bacterial adherence than the microparticulate feldspathic ceramic.

Antimicrobial activity of Calendula officinalis, Camellia sinensis and chlorhexidine against the adherence of microorganisms to sutures after extraction of unerupted third molars

Objective: The objective of this study was to compare the antimicrobial effect of mouthwashes containing Calendula officinalis L., Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze and 0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate on the adherence of microorganisms to suture materials after extraction of unerupted third molars. Material and Methods: Eighteen patients with unerupted maxillary third molars indicated for extraction were selected (n=6 per mouthwash). First, the patients were subjected to extraction of the left tooth and instructed not to use any type of antiseptic solution at the site of surgery (control group). After 15 days, the right tooth was extracted and the patients were instructed to use the Calendula officinalis, Camellia sinensis or chlorhexidine mouthwash during 1 week (experimental group). For each surgery, the sutures were removed on postoperative day 7 and placed in sterile phosphate-buffered saline. Next, serial dilutions were prepared and seeded onto different culture media for the growth of the following microorganisms: blood agar for total microorganism growth; Mitis Salivarius bacitracin sucrose agar for mutans group streptococci; mannitol agar for Staphylococcus spp.; MacConkey agar for enterobacteria and Pseudomonas spp., and Sabouraud dextrose agar containing chloramphenicol for Candida spp. The plates were incubated during 24-48 h at 37 degrees C for microorganism count (CFU/nnL). Results: The three mouthwashes tested reduced the number of microorganisms adhered to the sutures compared to the control group. However, significant differences between the control and experimental groups were only observed for the mouthwash containing 0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate. Conclusions: Calendula officinalis L. and Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze presented antimicrobial activity against the adherence of microorganisms to sutures but were not as efficient as chlorhexidine digluconate.

In vitro adherence of Candida albicans isolated from patients with chronic periodontitis

Adherence is considered an extremely important virulence factor in yeast. Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the adherence to epithelial cells of C. albicans isolated from patients with chronic periodontitis in comparison to healthy patients. Material and methods: Candida albicans cells isolated from individuals with chronic periodontitis (n=25) and healthy controls (n=25) were included in this study. Suspensions of C. albicans (10(6) cells/rnL) and epithelial cells (10(5) cells/mL) were mixed and incubated at 37 degrees C for 1 h. The number of yeasts adhered to 25 epithelial cells was counted. Results: The number of C. albicans cells adhered to epithelial cells was statistically higher in the chronic periodontitis group than in the control group (Student's t-test, p=0.000). Conclusion: The results of the present study suggest a higher Candida adherence of samples isolated from patients with chronic periodontitis.

Effect of erythrosine- and LED-mediated photodynamic therapy on buccal candidiasis infection of immunosuppressed mice and Candida albicans adherence to buccal epithelial cells

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Adherence and experimental infection of bacteria associated with periodontal infections of young cattle in Brazil (Cara inchada)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Antimicrobial activity of coffee-based solutions and their effects on Streptococcus mutans adherence

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of different coffee solutions and their effects on the adherence of Streptococcus mutans to glass surface. Coffee solutions were prepared with three commercial products (Pilao, Mellita and Café do Ponto) by two different methods (simple and boiled) (n=15). A control group was also included in the study. For antimicrobial activity testing, tubes containing coffee solution and culture medium were inoculated with a suspension of S. mutans ATCC 35688 and incubated for 1 min 1h, 2h and 4h. Serial dilutions and plating on BHI agar were performed. S, mutans adherence to glass in presence of different coffee solutions was also tested. The number of adhered bacteria (CFU/mL) was determined by plating method. The results were statistically analyzed by ANOVA and Turkey's test. The tested coffee solutions did not reduce the number of colony forming units of S. mutans in relation to the control at all evaluation periods. All the solutions reduced significantly the adherence of S. mutans to the glass surface in relation to control. The tested coffee solutions did not present any antimicrobial effect on Streptococcus mutans, however, all the coffee solutions reduced significantly the adherence of S mutans to the glass surface.