Evaluation of the addition of ascorbic acid to the ration of cultivated Piaractus mesopotamicus (Characidae) on the infrapopulation of Anacanthorus penilabiatus (Monogenea)

Sixty Piaractus mesopotamicus Holmberg, 1887 (pacu) fry fed a diet containing 0, 50, 100 and 200 mg ascorbic acid/kg dry feed were studied to evaluate the effect on parasitic infestation by the monogenean Anacanthorus penilabiatus Boeger, Husak and Martins, 1995 (Monogenea: Dactylogyridae) for a period of 24 weeks. The temperature of the aquaria was measured daily and remained between 28 and 31oC. At the beginning of the experiment, fish showed 6.15 ± 0.33 cm standard length and 8.64 ± 1.62 g average body weight. A sample of fish was examined and showed 43 ± 17 monogeneans per fish. At the end of the experiment, the gills of control and vitamin C-treated fish were collected for parasite counts. Control fish had 42.5 parasites per fish, a significantly higher number (P<0.05) when compared with fish fed vitamin C, that showed 16.5 parasites per fish. Ascorbic acid fortification in the food promoted an increase in fish resistance to parasites. It is suggested that an optimum level of 139 mg/kg vitamin C supplementation either elicited better nutritional conditions by stimulating the appetite of the fish or improved the immune response.

The therapeutic potential of exercise to treat cachexia

To discuss the role of physical exercise in the attenuation of cancer cachexia-associated symptoms, and upon the outcome of chemotherapy, with special focus on the anti-inflammatory role of chronic exercise. The review addresses the recent findings regarding the positive effects of endurance and strength exercise training upon metabolic dysfunction, systemic inflammation and body composition alterations in the syndrome of cachexia. The employment of different exercise protocol strategies, in respect to intensity, duration, work load and in concomitance with pharmacological treatment is considered. Cachexia is a multifactorial wasting syndrome afflicting patients with cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic heart failure, trauma, among other diseases. This condition markedly compromises the quality of life, treatment outcome and survival. Recent literature indicates an unequivocal role of chronic exercise in modulating cachexia and other cancer-associated dysfunctions. Exercise is proposed as a complementary treatment in cancer, and represents a function-preserving, anti-inflammatory and metabolism-modulating strategy with low cost, and high versatility and availability. Furthermore, exercise decreases cancer recurrence and presents a positive impact on public health management, reducing hospitalization and medication costs.

Intensity and interval of recovery in strength exercise influences performance: salivary lactate and alpha amylase as biochemical markers: a pilot study

Purpose The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of intensity and interval of recovery on performance in the bench press exercise, and the response of salivary lactate and alpha amylase levels. Methods Ten sportsman (aged 29 ± 4 years; body mass index 26 ± 2 kg/cm2 ) were divided in two groups: G70 (performing a bench press exercise at 70 % one repetition maximum—1RM), and G90 (performing a bench press exercise at 90 %—1RM). All groups were engaged in three intervals of recovery (30, 60 and 90 s). The maximum number of repetitions (MNR) and total weight lifted were computed, and saliva samples were collected 15 min before and after different intervals of recovery. For the comparison of the performance and biochemistry parameters, ANOVA tests for repeated measurements were conducted, with a significance level set at 5 %. Results In G70, the 30 s MNR was lower than the 60 and 90 s intervals of recovery (p\0.05) and the MNR with the 60 s interval of recovery was lower than the 90 s interval of recovery (p\0.041). Similarly, in G90 with the 30 s of interval of recovery, the sets were lower than observed with the 60 and 90 s (p\0.05), and MNR with the 60 s interval of recovery was lower than the 90 s interval of recovery (p\0.05). The salivary lactate showed an increase after exercise (p\0.05) when compared with the rest period for all groups, and no effects were observed for salivary alpha amylase. Conclusions Based on this result, the sets and reps can be modified to change the recovery time. This effect is very useful to improve the performance in relationship to different fitness levels.

Oxidative stress during rehabilitation from protein malnutrition associated with aerobic exercise in rats

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Dynamic exercise versus tag game warm up: The acute effect on agility and vertical jump in children

Although dynamic and stretching exercises have been widely investigated, there is little information about warm up performed by tag games. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to verify the acute effect of dynamic exercises compared to a tag game warm up on agility and vertical jump in children. 25 boys and 24 girls participated in this study and performed the agility and vertical jump tests after warm up based on dynamic exercises or as a tag game lasting 10 min each in two different days randomly. Dynamic exercises warm up consisted in a run lasting 2.5 min followed by 2 series of 8 dynamic exercises lasting 10 seconds each interspersed with 20s of light run to recovery. Tag game warm up was performed by a tag game with two variations lasting 5 min each. The first variation there was a single cather, which aimed to get the other participants by touching hands. In the second part of the game, the rules were the same except that the participant that was caught had to help the catcher forming a team of catchers. Warm up intensity was monitored by OMNI perceived exertion scale. ANOVA 2x2 for repeated measures (Warm up x Sex) demonstrated no significant differences between dynamic exercises and tag game for agility and vertical jump (P>0.05) for boys and girls. Perceived exertion was significantly higher in tag game compared to dynamic exercises on girls (P<0.05). Both warm up models showed similar acute effects on agility and vertical jump in children. © Faculty of Education. University of Alicante.

Exercise training as treatment in cancer cachexia

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

The development of resistance to caffeine in Drosophila prosaltans: productivity and longevity after ten generations of treatment

The productivity of Drosophila prosaltans treated with six concentrations of caffeine (from 50 mu g/ml to 2,500 mu g/ml of culture medium) during ten generations (similar to 8 months) decreased in a dosage dependent manner in every generation, but at the end of the treatment the flies in all experiments recovered normal productivity, except for those treated with 2,500 mu g/ml. Longevity in the tenth generation was significantly reduced in males and females only in the 2,500 mu g/ml dosage, with males being much more affected than females. In a previous study in which the treatment was done in a single generation, productivity exhibited only a partial recovery when the treatment ceased and longevity was significantly reduced in 1,500 mu g/ml dosages. The hypothesis of selection occurring in ten generations leading to recovery in productivity and to a reduction in the processes which cause a decrease in longevity is being considered.

Latin-American Society Of Forensic Genetics (SLAGF) results of the Interlaboratory Quality Control Exercise 2010-2011

Latin-American Society of Forensic Genetics (SLAGF) Interlaboratory Quality Control Exercise (2010-2011) included the analysis of three bloodstain samples in FTA Classic Card (three persons, biologically unrelated) and one theoretical exercise. There were 56 participating laboratories from 13 Latin-American countries that belong to society, were reported 70 STRs, including autosomal and sex chromosome markers with consensus in 53 STRs with a rate in reporting errors of 2.3%. Fifty-six laboratories reported results in theoretical exercise with mistakes in calculation of IP for each marker. It is necessary to hold meetings to discuss the results of this exercise to reach conclusions and recommendations on all aspects of DNA forensics analysis and paternity test, to improve results and quality in the results of each laboratory. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.

Histoquímica e ultra-estrutura da musculatura ventricular esquerda de ratos diabéticos: efeitos do exercício físico

Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Biologia Celular e Molecular) - IBRC

Physical exercise and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in elderly: A systematic review

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Physical Exercise in MCI Elderly Promotes Reduction of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines and Improvements on Cognition and BDNF Peripheral Levels

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Respostas da frequência cardíaca ao teste de 1RM e da modulação autonômica da frequência cardíaca no período de recuperação em indivíduos com fatores de risco para doenças cardiovasculares

Pós-graduação em Desenvolvimento Humano e Tecnologias - IBRC

Yolks color definition by supplementing yellow and red xanthophylls to hen's diets

Egg yolk color may be controlled both by the concentration and the type of xanthophylls added to diets, with the aim of meeting consumers demand. The objectives of this work were to study how yellow and red xanthophylls present in laying hens` diets influence yolks colors and find the concentrations of these ingredients that meet the regional consumer desire. A factorial design 5 x 3 with 5 concentrations of yellow xanthophylls (lutein + zeaxantin 40%; 1.0, 1.25, 1.5, 1.75 and 2.0 mg/hen/d) and 3 concentrations of red xanthophylls (canthaxantin 10%; 0, 0.35, 0.7 mg/hen/d) was used. After a 30 d period receiving corn basal diets and water ad libitum, 60 White Dekalbe hens were distributed to receive the 15 dietary treatments in 4 replicates. Diets were provided daily at 110 g, during 21 d under 16 h light/8 h dark. Yolks colors were evaluated daily using the CIE L, a, b color space and the Roche color index. After the color stabilization, data were analyzed by ANOVA, regression analysis and Response Surface Methodology (MRS). Global acceptance for the Roche colors was evaluated with a 5 points hedonic scale and data were analyzed by Friedman and Dunn tests. Significance was established at 95% (P < 0.05). Regression analysis showed that the red xanthophylls content was the most important factor that defined L, a and b values for yolk color (P < 0.0001; square function), although its effect was significantly affected by the yellow xanthophylls contents (P = 0.0277; P < 0.0001; P = 0.0002 for L, a, b, respectively), providing evidence for a synergistic effect and not for a saturation effect. MRS showed that the highest redness of yolks was reached with 1.5 mg/hen/d of yellow and 0.5 mg/hen/d of red xanthophylls. So, higher supplementations aiming at increasing yolk color would bring an unnecessary cost to the ration. The most accepted yolk color scored 9, which corresponded to mean color attributes L = 65; a = 16; and b = 64. MRS showed that these values could be reached with combinations of yellow:red xanthophylls like 1.0:0.15 or 1.5:0.1 mg/ hen/d or simply with the yellow xanthophylls at 2.0 mg/hen/d. So, it was concluded that both yellow and red xanthophylls are important to define yolks color; that high amounts of xanthophylls are unnecessary to bring changes to color; and that Brazilian consumer requires yolks color attainable with few amounts of red xanthophylls or only with the yellow ones.

Efeitos do estímulo auditivo musical sobre a resposta autonômica cardíaca e parâmetros cardiorrespiratórios durante e após exercício submáximo

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)