51 resultados para epistemologia das ciências da saúde
em Repositório Institucional UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista "Julio de Mesquita Filho"
Resumo:
A complexidade do processo saúde-doença tem ensejado a proposição de uma diversidade de modelos explicativos. Fazemos uma breve revisão dessas propostas, confrontando três perspectivas: o modelo oriundo da Medicina do século XIX, a lógica da História Natural da Doença e o debate epidemiológico no contexto da Medicina Social latino-americana. Tomando-se como referência teórica a ideia de causalidade circular presente na teoria da auto-organização, propomos que os fatores causais privilegiados em cada um dos modelos explicativos acima não seriam conflitantes. Uma noção-chave para se pensar o processo de autoorganização biopsicossocial é o efeito baldwiniano, que descreve uma relação dialética ou coevolutiva entre processos naturais e socioculturais.
Resumo:
The historical and social process has built models of masculinity and femininity that culminate in standards and norms to be followed by individuals in their social interactions. In recent decades studies based on the discussions that originated in the feminist movement have been investigating how social institutions, including medicine and other health sciences, have established standards of masculinity and femininity throughout the history, nurturing this sexist discourse on common sense and sciences. Social roles are assigned to the genera specifying rigid boundaries of behavior and social control. The notion of the female predisposition to physical and emotional disorders has prompted speculation within academic strands culminating in the creation of specialized medical illness that would prevent the female, the male permeated by notions of endurance and strength has become synonymous of a healthy body, confirming the male domination and the economic and political role of men. This research concerned to study and investigate through semi-structured interviews and content analysis, conceptions of gender and the differences between men and women in reports of 11 health professionals. The results indicate that in large part the conceptions of health professionals reproduce the hegemonic discourse about what being a man and woman. Further research could investigate the relationship between women and men with health care as well the care provided by health professionals
Resumo:
Discutimos a epistemologia das ciências da vida e das ciências da saúde de Georges Canguilhem, revendo sua crítica à concepção mecanicista da normalidade e da patologia e seu posicionamento frente ao vitalismo. Sugerimos que, enfatizando o conceito de normatividade da vida, Canguilhem teria apontado para uma superação da oposição entre mecanicismo e vitalismo. Para tal, fazemos uma breve comparação da normatividade da vida com o conceito contemporâneo de auto-organização de Michel Debrun, argumentando que a emergência da norma vital se situa num estágio secundário de um processo de (auto-)organização da vida e, portanto, tal normatividade não teria a conotação vitalista, erroneamente atribuída a Canguilhem.
Resumo:
O conceito de acontecimento foi desenvolvido para o domínio epistemológico da história por P. Veyne, no intuito de ativar determinados problemas foucaultianos que indicavam a estrita ligação entre o trabalho historiográfico e o trabalho filosófico. A definição deste conceito poderia ser aprofundada se fosse extraído do domínio epistemológico para o qual fora elaborado e levado a uma dimensão mais abrangente. Vislumbra-se tal possibilidade a partir da articulação do referido conceito a determinadas injunções do pensamento de Deleuze, particularmente tendo em vista o conceito deleuzeano de acontecimento, em suas implicações ontológicas e éticas.
Resumo:
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Resumo:
The aim of this paper was to discuss aspects of applying a methodology to evaluate usability in digital libraries. A methodology that deals with the systematization of a usability assessment tool for digital libraries was used. The aim was to investigate the level of usability of the Virtual Health Library, applying a method that measures effectiveness, efficiency and users' satisfaction when using the digital library. Methodologically, it is characterized as a formal test of usability. This test consisted of a list of ten tasks to be performed while using the website of the Virtual Health Library and the Likert scale was used to assess users' satisfaction. A quantitative approach based on descriptive statistics was adopted to analyze the results. The test was applied between December 5 and December 21, 2011, at the computer lab of the Health Sciences Center of the Universidade Federal da Paraíba. The results of the usability test enabled us to measure the level of usability of the Virtual Health Library, which is considered to provide a high level of usability.
Resumo:
It is a systematic literature review, wich aimed to analyze documents, as is the inclusion of the family in Mental Health Services. To do so was based on a literature in the database of the Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences (LILACS). And the documents were selected from the question which funded the research to evaluate the contribution of scientific research published in journals in the period 2000 to 2011. Data analysis reveals that the government's efforts in having the family as an ally, not a recent phenomenon. But this is a process that depends not only on government, also depends on the professionals involved and of their own families, and other factors. It is concluded that much remains to be done, both in terms of research for the topic, the actions in the reality of such a process
Resumo:
The Health Sciences, prior to the planning of prevention programs, adopt the tools to analyze the population profile, entitled epidemiological surveys, to obtain data on the need for heathcare and the possibility of treating health events. The aim of this study was to evaluate dental conditions in schoolchildren, aged five to fourteen, enrolled in public schools in Américo Brasiliense, SP Brazil. The dmft and DMFT index, caries experience, and prevalence of fluorosis were analyzed. For this epidemiological study, 1,137 children were selected. Four calibrated dentists performed oral exams according to WHO criteria (1997). The data were collected using descriptive analyses. The results showed that 94% of the five-year-old children were caries free, and the value of dmft was 1.44. DMFT was 1.19 in 12-year-olds. The lowest and the highest fluorosis prevalence could be observed in eight and fourteen-year-olds, respectively. It could be concluded that the city of Américo Brasiliense has developed respectful educational and preventive oral health programs which presented satiosfactory results in the present epidemiological study.
Resumo:
Objective – To collecting data about the main explanations for glosses and demonstrating the percentage of production loss in the odontologic procedures. Methods – It is about an epidemiological study of historical series, retrospective and quantitative, based on the data collection of DATASUS information system and reports realized by the city of Aquidauana/MS audit system from 2001 to 2010. Results – The results show that in this period, 921.300 odontologic procedures were presented as production; being 223.226 (24,2%) individual procedures and 698.074 (75,8%) collective. There were 23.881 (2,6%) glosses, being 10.158 (42,5%) in the collective procedures and 13.723 (57,5%) in the individual ones. The main cause for glosses related to individual procedures was the repetition of procedures for the same patient and the same tooth (42,4%). In the collective activities, it was the non-accomplishment of the oral health collective program (68,9%). There was an increase of loss in the individual procedures going from less than 5% in the period of 2001 to 2007; to 5,8 % in 2008; 8,9% in 2009 and 14,1 % in 2010 and in the collective procedures the loss reached 4% in 2010. Conclusion – It was concluded that the most frequent cause of glosses explanation was the repetition of procedures for the same patient and the same tooth in the individual cases and the non-accomplishment of the oral health collective program in the collective activities. The importance of the audit system as a trust-worthy instrument for the managers in the planning and evaluation of health actions with the intention of guarantee the solution of the serv-ices provided.
Resumo:
This is part of an integrative review whose object of study was the production of knowledge in journals concerning nursing studies that have used the Theory of complexity as a theoretical framework. This study gathers seven articles collected from a literature review of 18 publications found on the databases: Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval Sistem on-line (MEDLINE), Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe emCiências da Saúde (LILACS) and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) from 1998 to 2008. In the two former databases, the following combination of key words was used: “complexity theory” and “health” and “nursing”, and in the third: “complexidade” and “saúde” and “enfermagem. Content analysis was the methodological framework that allowed for organizing the knowledge aggregated in the theme: Health Care. It was observed that the Complexity Theory has based the comprehension of the health care process, pointing out the care provider with his practices and the environment.
Resumo:
OBJETIVO: caracterizar a inserção de egressos do Curso de Fonoaudiologia da Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) - Marília, em Programas de Pós-Graduação (PPG) Stricto Sensu brasileiros. MÉTODO: foram utilizadas listas de graduados e Curriculum Vitae do egresso e do orientador. RESULTADOS: dos 537 formados, 16,57% cursaram/estavam cursando PPG e destes, 98,88% em mestrado e 37,08% também em doutorado. Na grande área de conhecimento, 50% dos egressos de mestrado vincularam-se predominantemente a programas em Ciências da Saúde, 31,80% em Ciências Humanas e 13,64% em Linguística, Letras e Artes. No doutorado, 33, 33% em Ciências Humanas, 30,30% em Ciências da Saúde e em Linguística, Letras e Artes. Quanto à área de conhecimento, predominou a vinculação, no mestrado, de 30,68% em Fonoaudiologia, 28,41% em Educação, 13,64% em Linguística e 9,09% em Medicina I; e, no doutorado, de 33,33% em Educação, 30,30% em Linguística e 9,09% em Fonoaudiologia; 55,68% dissertações e 51,52% teses focalizaram a linguagem. A UNESP predominou com 39,77% no mestrado e 48,48% no doutorado. Predominou a vinculação a Programas com conceito 4 para 52,27% dos egressos do mestrado e 45,45% do doutorado. Quando constou a informação (55,68%), todos receberam fomento. O Teste de Razão de Verossimilhança não indicou diferenças significativas dos percentuais obtidos entre o mestrado e o doutorado. CONCLUSÃO: os resultados superaram os apresentados para o mesmo Estado, mostraram a característica interdisciplinar da Ciência Fonoaudiológica e o predomínio de temática em linguagem.
Resumo:
Procurou-se, neste trabalho, pensar o tempo no contexto das ciências da saúde, no qual se entrelaçam aspectos físicos, biológicos, psicológicos e sociológicos. Enquanto em nossa percepção do mundo e de nós mesmos o tempo se apresenta sob muitas facetas, na física clássica, conforme o modelo newtoniano, assumia-se a existência de um tempo absoluto, unilinear, homogêneo e independente do observador. Com a teoria da relatividade e o estudo dos sistemas complexos, um novo conceito de tempo apresenta-se na física: o tempo fractal, o qual possibilita maior compatibilidade com as abordagens psicológicas e sociológicas. Nesta perspectiva, a experiência de vida de uma pessoa, e seus respectivos processos de construção da saúde, envolveria uma multiplicidade de tempos, que coexistem e se organizam segundo um padrão coerente de auto-similaridade. Uma quebra desse padrão estaria correlacionada com a ocorrência da doença. Sugere-se que uma abordagem mais adequada do adoecimento deveria levar em conta, como referência para o profissional de saúde, o conceito de tempo fractal, possibilitando maior sintonia do paciente com a complexidade da natureza e, por conseguinte, consigo mesmo.
Resumo:
Pós-graduação em Educação - FFC
Resumo:
Pós-graduação em Ciência da Informação - FFC