Dietary fish oil replacement with lard and soybean oil affects triacylglycerol and phospholipid muscle and liver docosahexaenoic acid content but not in the brain and eyes of surubim juveniles Pseudoplatystoma sp

Triplicate groups of juvenile suribim were fed for 183 days one of four different isonitrogenous (47.6% crude protein) and isolipidic (18.7% lipid) diets formulated using three different lipid sources: 100% fish oil (FO, diet 1); 100% pig lard (L, diet 2); 100% soybean oil (SO, diet 3), and FO/L/SO (1:1:1, w/w/w; diet 4). The tissue levels of fatty acids 18:2n - 6 and 18:3n - 3 decreased relative to corresponding dietary fatty acid values. The 20:5n - 3 and 22:6n - 3 composition of muscle and liver neutral lipids were linearly correlated with corresponding dietary fatty acid composition. In contrast, the 22:6n - 3 composition of the brain and eye were similar among treatments. The 22:6n - 3 level was enriched in all tissues, particularly in the neural tissues. Similar results were observed for tissue polar lipids: fatty acids content reflected dietary composition, with the exception of the 22:6n - 3 level, which showed enrichment and no differences between groups. Given these results, the importance of the biochemical functions (transport and/or metabolism) of 22:6n - 3 in the development of the neural system of surubim warrants further investigation. © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2008.

Fatty acid composition of mid-trimester amniotic fluid in women of different ethnicities

Objective: To determine whether the fatty acid composition of mid-trimester amniotic fluid differs by ethnicity and pregnancy outcome. Methods: Fatty acid composition was analyzed by gas chromatography in 198 women undergoing amniocentesis at 15-19 weeks gestation. Cytokine levels were determined by ELISA in a subgroup of 52 subjects. Results: The major fatty acids detected were palmitic acid (31.8%) and stearic acid (31.5%). The n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), linoleic acid (LA, 18: 2) and arachidonic acid (AA, 20: 4), were 11.3%, while the n-3 PUFA fatty acids, alpha linolenic acid (ALA, 18: 3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22: 6), were 3.8% of the total. Palmitic acid was a higher percentage in Asians (40.5%) and Whites (34.5%) than in Blacks (22.2%) and Hispanics (23.7%) (p <= 0.0012). Oleic acid (18:1 n-9) was a higher percentage in Blacks (12.2%) and Hispanics (12.1%) than in Whites (9.2%) or Asians (7.5%) (<= 0.0002). LA and AA were higher in Blacks (9.0%, 5.4%) and Hispanics (8.6%, 4.1%) than in Whites (6.1%, 3.7%) and Asians (5.5%, 2.9%) (p <= 0.0002). DHA did not differ among the ethnic groups or according to pregnancy outcome. A reduced palmitic acid percentage was identified in the six women with preeclampsia (p = 0.0233). Tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels were inversely proportional to the palmitic acid percentage (p = 0.0275) and positively associated with the percentages of stearic (18:0) (p = 0.0132) and oleic (p = 0.0290) acids. Conclusions: Amniotic fluid fatty acid composition differed among the ethnic groups and may influence inflammatory mediator production and susceptibility to preeclampsia.

The influence of sardine consumption on the omega-3 fatty acid content of mature human milk

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate what effect the ingestion of sardines, rich in omega-3 series polyunsaturated fatty acids, has on the composition of breastmilk. Methods: This was a prospective study of 31 nursing mothers under observation at the Hospital Guilherme Álvaro. Each was given 2 kg of fresh sardines twice with a 15-day interval. Milk was sampled and a 24-hour dietary recall questionnaire was applied on days 0, 15 and 30. Milk was assayed for fatty acid content by gas chromatography. Statistical analysis of the results was performed using nonparametric tests with significance set at p < 0.05. Results: The results demonstrate that the nutritional intake of the nursing mothers was adequate at all three sample points. With regard to the omega-3 series fatty acid content of the breastmilk, it was observed that regular consumption and shorter intervals between ingestion and milk collection resulted in higher concentrations of docosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid at 15 and 30 days into the study. Fatty acids from the omega-3 and omega-6 series exhibited a significant correlation, r 2 was 0.58 and 0.59 at 15 and 30 days, respectively. Conclusion: These results suggest that incorporating fish into the diets of nursing mother during lactation, in the form of 100 g of sardines two or three times a week, contributes to an increase in omega-3 series fatty acids. Copyright © 2006 by Sociedade Brasileira de Pediatria.

Effects of feeding a multivalent polyclonal antibody preparation on feedlot performance, carcass characteristics, rumenitis, and blood gas profile in Bos indicus biotype yearling bulls

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Fullerene and omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids on fish brain antioxidant status

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Avaliação de colesterol e triglicerídeos séricos em cães saudáveis suplementados com ômega n-3

The analysis of serum cholesterol and triglycerides was performed in 20 healthy mongrel dogs, 10 male and 10 female, before and after supplementation for 30 days with fatty acids of long chain polyunsaturated derived from omega-3 n (497mg docosahexaenoic acid and 780mg eicosapentaenoic acid). The serum cholesterol presented a significant reduction after supplementation in both sexes (271.6 similar to 79.8mg/dL; 236,2 similar to 67,6mg/dL, before and after supplementation respectively). Regarding serum triglycerides, there was a reduction only in females (57.8 similar to 12,1mg/dL; 45.2 similar to 7,8mg/dL, before and after supplementation respectively), with no effect of supplementation in males.

Avaliação de colesterol e triglicerídeos séricos em cães saudáveis suplementados com ômega n-3

The analysis of serum cholesterol and triglycerides was performed in 20 healthy mongrel dogs, 10 male and 10 female, before and after supplementation for 30 days with fatty acids of long chain polyunsaturated derived from omega-3 n (497mg docosahexaenoic acid and 780mg eicosapentaenoic acid). The serum cholesterol presented a significant reduction after supplementation in both sexes (271.6±79.8mg/dL; 236,2±67,6mg/dL, before and after supplementation respectively). Regarding serum triglycerides, there was a reduction only in females (57.8±12,1mg/dL; 45.2±7,8mg/dL, before and after supplementation respectively), with no effect of supplementation in males.

Effects of low doses of polyunsaturated fatty acids on the attention deficit/Hyperactivity disorder of children: A systematic review

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Sustainable production of biologically active molecules of marine based origin

The marine environment offers both economic and scientific potential which are relatively untapped from a biotechnological point of view. These environments whilst harsh are ironically fragile and dependent on a harmonious life form balance. Exploitation of natural resources by exhaustive wild harvesting has obvious negative environmental consequences. From a European industry perspective marine organisms are a largely underutilised resource. This is not due to lack of interest but due to a lack of choice the industry faces for cost competitive, sustainable and environmentally conscientious product alternatives. Knowledge of the biotechnological potential of marine organisms together with the development of sustainable systems for their cultivation, processing and utilisation are essential. In 2010, the European Commission recognised this need and funded a collaborative RTD/SME project under the Framework 7-Knowledge Based Bio-Economy (KBBE) Theme 2 Programme 'Sustainable culture of marine microorganisms, algae and/or invertebrates for high value added products'. The scope of that project entitled 'Sustainable Production of Biologically Active Molecules of Marine Based Origin' (BAMMBO) is outlined. Although the Union is a global leader in many technologies, it faces increasing competition from traditional rivals and emerging economies alike and must therefore improve its innovation performance. For this reason innovation is placed at the heart of a European Horizon 2020 Strategy wherein the challenge is to connect economic performance to eco performance. This article provides a synopsis of the research activities of the BAMMBO project as they fit within the wider scope of sustainable environmentally conscientious marine resource exploitation for high-value biomolecules. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.

Efeitos da suplementação lipídica sobre o desenvolvimento embrionário e criotolerância de embriões bovinos produzidos in vitro

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Phosphorus reduction by sifting fish waste meal

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Omega-3 fatty acids supplementation decreases metabolic syndrome prevalence after lifestyle modification program

The additional effect of omega-3 supplementation in association with lifestyle modification program (LSMP) in free living-adults was evaluated.We studied 39 adults (control group with LSMP (G1, n = 16) and LSMP plus supplementation of 3 g of fish oil per day (360 mg of docosahexaenoic acid and 540 mg of eicosapentaenoic acid) (G2, n = 23)) during 20 weeks. The fish oil group showed a significant decrease in waist circumference (1.3%) followed by metabolic syndrome reduction (29%) mainly due to normalization of blood pressure (33.3%) and triacylglycerol (27.3%). Omega-3 supplementation provided additional benefits to LSMP in the resolution of metabolic syndrome

Avaliação de colesterol e triglicerídeos séricos em cães saudáveis suplementados com ômega n-3

The analysis of serum cholesterol and triglycerides was performed in 20 healthy mongrel dogs, 10 male and 10 female, before and after supplementation for 30 days with fatty acids of long chain polyunsaturated derived from omega-3 n (497mg docosahexaenoic acid and 780mg eicosapentaenoic acid). The serum cholesterol presented a significant reduction after supplementation in both sexes (271.6±79.8mg/dL; 236,2±67,6mg/dL, before and after supplementation respectively). Regarding serum triglycerides, there was a reduction only in females (57.8±12,1mg/dL; 45.2±7,8mg/dL, before and after supplementation respectively), with no effect of supplementation in males.

Chemical composition and fatty acid contents in farmed freshwater prawns

The objective of this work was to evaluate the chemical composition and fatty acid contents of Amazonian and giant river prawns. After four-month farming, with the same diet for both species, palmitic and stearic acids were the main saturated fatty acids. Oleic acid was the main monounsatured fatty acid, and the eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids were the most abundant polyunsaturated acids. Amazonian prawn has higher levels of protein and polyunsaturated fatty acids than those of the giant river prawn, which shows its potential for aquaculture.