Negociações comerciais internacionais e democracia: o contencioso Brasil x EUA das patentes farmacêuticas na OMC

Dans cet article, on cherche la viabilité analytique du Jeu à Deux Niveaux - JDN pour examiner la situation brésilienne dans l'Organisation Mondiale du Commerce - OMC. on cherche à voir, en même temps, si le perfectionnement des institutions démocratiques brésiliennes en ce qui concerne le processus de formulation de la politique extérieure sera capable d'améliorer la réponse aux demandes des groupes d'intérêt et d'élargir la compétence technique de la diplomatie brésilienne dans les négociations commerciales internationales. on cherche aussi à savoir si ce perfectionnement peut faire monter la crédibilité et la légitimité internationale des démarches brésiliennes au sein de l'OMC, dans le sens de tourner en leur faveur les régimes internationaux. Pour cela, on analyse le contentieux des brevets pharmaceutiques mené contre les États-Unis au sein de l'OMC.

A sacralidade das realezas castelhana e portuguesa nos relatos cronísticos ibéricos dos séculos XIV e XV

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

A configuração dos romances policiais mais vendidos no Brasil no século XXI: canônica ou inovadora?

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Ensino médio e trabalho: análise das diretrizes internas e externas da escola pública brasileira

Pós-graduação em Educação - FFC

O jovem Nietzsche e a leitura

Pós-graduação em História - FCLAS

A literatura na língua do outro: Jacques Derrida e Abdelkebir Khatibi

Pós-graduação em Letras - IBILCE

Formação de professores para o ensino inicial da leitura e da escrita, na década de 1880, em São Paulo-Brasil

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

A abordagem histórica do letramento: Ecos da memória na atualidade

The word literacy acquired a polysemy spectrum which put it away from the notion of social and historic process, at the same time that associates it to codification and decodification of writing. Concerning to this last perspective, we would have nothing to add. However, we sustain, in this paper, considering Pêcheux´s Discourse Analysis and Lacanian Psychoanalysis approaches, that there is a conception of literacy as a phenomenon which influences indirectly individuals and cultures for whom the competence of writing is not established. In this sense, the concept of literacy is larger than alphabetization. As an evidence of this proposal, we analyze a text written by a student, that demanded him to write about a context distant from his own, and, to do so, he mobilized places from the archive and from his particular memory, showing a singular knowledge of writing culture, even though his text presents interpenetration of oral an writing forms, aspect that is not allowed by those who defend an a-historical conception of literacy. We discuss that the student’s text ran away from the reduction of a merely pedagogic ideology and reflects a discursive coherence in face of the challenge that was proposed to him. By the end of this paper, we propose that the teachers should search for devices that make easier for their students to write texts in which their authorship could emerge.