Metabolic syndrome risk factors in overweight, obese, and extremely obese brazilian adolescents

Background: Obesity in infancy and adolescence has acquired epidemic dimensions worldwide and is considered a risk factor for a number of disorders that can manifest at an early age, such as Metabolic Syndrome (MS). In this study, we evaluated overweight, obese, and extremely obese adolescents for the presence of MS, and studied the prevalence of single factors of the syndrome in this population. Methods. A total of 321 adolescents (174 females and 147 males) aged 10 to 16 years, attending the Adolescent Outpatient Clinic of Botucatu School of Medicine, Brazil, between April 2009 and April 2011 were enrolled in this study. Adolescents underwent anthropometric evaluation (weight, height, and abdominal circumference) and Body Mass Index (BMI) was estimated according to age and gender, following Disease Control and Prevention Centers recommendations (CDC, 2000). Blood pressure was measured and individuals with BMI ≥ 85§ssup§th§esup§ percentile were submitted to laboratory evaluation for Total Cholesterol, HDL and LDL Cholesterol, Triglycerides, Fasting Insulinemia, and Fasting Glycemia to identify MS factors, according to the criteria suggested by the International Diabetes Federation. Insulin resistance was calculated by HOMA-IR, Quicki, and Fasting Glycemia/Fasting Insulinemia (FGI). Results and discussion. Of the 321 adolescents, 95 (29.6%) were overweight, 129 (40.2%) were obese, and 97 (30.2%) were extremely obese. Around 18% were diagnosed with MS. The most prevalent risk factors were abdominal circumference ≥90§ssup§th§esup§ percentile (55%), HDL < 40 mg/dL (35.5%), High Pressure ≥130/85 mm/Hg (21%), Triglycerides ≥150 mg/dL (18.5%), and Fasting Glycemia ≥100 mg/dL (2%). Insulin resistance was observed in 65% of the adolescents. Conclusion: An increased prevalence of overweight and obesity, together with cardiometabolic risk factors such as dyslipidemia and abnormal blood pressure, were observed in adolescents, contributing to the onset of metabolic syndrome at younger ages. Risk factors for MS were more prevalent in females. © 2013 Rizzo et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

Risk of metabolic syndrome in postmenopausal breast cancer survivors

The aim of this study was to assess the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in postmenopausal breast cancer survivors as compared with postmenopausal women without breast cancer. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 104 postmenopausal breast cancer survivors were compared with 208 postmenopausal women (controls) attending a university hospital. Eligibility criteria included the following: amenorrhea longer than 12 months and aged 45 years or older, treated for breast cancer, and metastasis-free for at least 5 years. The control group consisted of women with amenorrhea longer than 12 months and aged 45 years or older and without breast cancer, matched by age and menopause status (in a proportion of 1:2 as sample calculation). Clinical and anthropometric data were collected. Biochemical parameters, including total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, and C-reactive protein, were measured. Women showing three or more diagnostic criteria were diagnosed as having MetS: waist circumference of 88 cm or larger, blood pressure of 130/85 mm Hg or higher, triglycerides level of 150 mg/dL or higher, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level lower than 50 mg/dL, and glucose level of 100 mg/dL or higher. For statistical analysis, Student's t test, χ2 test, and logistic regression (odds ratio [OR]) were used. RESULTS: The mean (SD) age of breast cancer survivors was 60.6 (8.6) years, with a mean (SD) follow-up of 9.4 (4.4) years. A higher percentage of breast cancer survivors (46.2%) were obese as compared with controls (32.7%; P < 0.05), and a smaller percentage showed optimal values for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, glucose, and C-reactive protein versus controls (P < 0.05). MetS was diagnosed in 50% of breast cancer survivors and in 37.5% of control group women (P < 0.05). Among the MetS diagnostic criteria, the most prevalent was abdominal obesity (waist circumference >88 cm), affecting 62.5% and 67.8% of the participants, respectively. In the control group, breast cancer survivors had a higher risk for MetS (OR, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.04-2.68), dysglycemia (OR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.09-3.03), and hypertension (OR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.02-2.89). CONCLUSIONS: Postmenopausal breast cancer survivors present a higher risk of developing MetS as compared with women without breast cancer. © 2012 by The North American Menopause Society.

Circunferências medidas em diferentes locais do tronco e fatores de risco cardiometabólico

Os objetivos deste estudo foram comparar medidas de circunferências da cintura e abdominal e analisar suas relações com fatores de risco cardiometabólico em servidores de uma universidade da Bahia. Para tanto, cinquenta e cinco homens e setenta e uma mulheres (36,4 ± 11,2 anos) foram submetidos à avaliação antropométrica bem como medidas das pressões arteriais sistólica e diastólica, glicemia, triglicerídeos, colesterol total e frações HDL e LDL. Apesar das fortes correlações (P < 0.01) entre as diferentes medidas (r > 0,93), a circunferência da cintura foi significativamente menor que a circunferência abdominal em ambos os sexos, sendo a diferença média entre locais maior em mulheres (8,6 ± 4,1 vs 3,8 ± 4,2 cm; P < 0,01). A circunferência da cintura foi significativamente relacionada a dois e quatro fatores de risco em homens e mulheres, respectivamente. Por outro lado, a circunferência abdominal foi significativamente relacionada a um fator em homens e cinco em mulheres. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas (P > 0,05) entre coeficientes de correlação nos casos em que ambas as circunferências se relacionaram significativamente a um fator de risco. Esses resultados sugerem que o local de mensuração tem influência substancial sobre a circunferência tomada na região inferior do tronco, particularmente, em mulheres, porém, não evidenciam clara superioridade de uma das medidas quanto às relações com fatores de risco cardiometabólico tradicionais em amostra brasileira. Estudos devem ser conduzidos, buscando comparar a capacidade preditiva de diferentes medidas de circunferência para o desenvolvimento de fatores de risco e doenças cardiovasculares em diferentes populações.

Efeito de programa para mudança do estilo de vida sobre indicadores sanguíneos dos estresses inflamatórios e oxidativo em adultos portadores de componentes da síndrome metabólica

Pós-graduação em Patologia - FMB