31 resultados para bone strength
em Repositório Institucional UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista "Julio de Mesquita Filho"
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Introduction: Bone strength is influenced by a number of different determinants, such as mass, size, geometry and also by the intrinsic material properties of the tissue. Aims: The structure and mechanical properties of the femur were analyzed in aged (14 mo-old) animals submitted to hindlimb unloading (HU) for 21 days. Methods: Twenty Wistar rats were randomly divided into Control and HU groups and the femur was submitted to dual X ray absorptiometry (DXA), DIGORA radiographic density, mechanical compression testing and Knoop microhardness analyse in cortical and cancellous bone. Results: Femurs from HU group presented significantly lower failure load, decreased bone mineral density (BMD)/bone mineral content (BMC) in whole bone; proximal/distal epiphysis and middiaphyseal cortical bone measured by DXA were similar in the two groups; radiographic density from areas in proximal epiphysis was significantly lower in HU group, and microhardness measured at periosteal and endosteal levels were also signifcantly diminished in HU compared with Control group. Conclusion: Disuse induced damage in the trabecular femoral bone architecture with decisive effect on the head and trochanteric fossa, which became weaker. Bone diaphyseal cortical hardness also suffered effect of unloading, probably related to osteocyte/osteoblast activity.
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1. This investigation was carried out to study the influence of early quantitative food restriction (40% of ad libitum intake from 7 to 14 d of age) and environmental rearing temperature (thermoneutral, cold and hot) on long bone (tibia, femur and humerus) development in broiler chickens.2. Tibia, femur and humerus were obtained at the ages of 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 d; and the variables studied were: length and width (mm, expressed as absolute values), bone breaking strength (kgf) and bone weight/bone length index (BW/BL, mg/mm).3. All bone variables increased with bird age. Food restriction reduced bone length and width but did not affect bone weight. High environmental rearing temperature reduced bone length and width at 42 d of age. Bone strength was not affected by environmental temperature but the calculated BW/BL index was reduced by heat exposure.4. The findings suggest that food restriction and high environmental rearing temperature reduce long bone growth; bone breaking strength was affected by bird age but not by food restriction nor rearing ambient temperature.
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Dois experimentos foram realizados para avaliar a interação fósforo disponível (Pd) × fitase (UF) da dieta sobre o desempenho, os níveis plasmáticos de fósforo e os parâmetros ósseos de poedeiras. No experimento 1, utilizaram-se 240 aves com 40 semanas de idade distribuídas em esquema fatorial 5 × 2, composto de cinco níveis de fósforo disponível (0,094; 0,194; 0,294; 0,394 e 0,494%) e dois de fitase (0 e 300 unidades de fitase - UF). No experimento 2, utilizaram-se 288 aves com 44 semanas de idade, distribuídas também em esquema fatorial 3 × 4, composto de três níveis de fósforo disponível (0,094; 0,294 e 0,494%) e quatro de fitase (0; 300; 600 e 1.200 UF). No experimento 1, não houve interação fósforo disponível × fitase, mas o nível de fósforo disponível influenciou, de forma quadrática, a produção (PR) e a massa (MO) de ovos, os níveis plasmáticos de fósforo e a conversão por massa de ovos (CMO) e, de forma linear, o teor de cinzas na tíbia (CT) e a resistência óssea (RO). A adição de 300 UF elevou a disponibilidade do fósforo (de 4,034 para 4,784 mg/dL), o teor de CT (de 41,55 para 42,90%) e a resistência óssea (de 9,678 para 11,135 kgf/mm). No experimento 2, a produção aumentou de forma linear com os níveis de fósforo disponível da ração, que aumentaram linearmente com o aumento do nível de fitase. Os teores de cinzas na tíbia aumentaram até o nível de 567 UF. O aumento do fósforo disponível no nível de 600 UF melhorou de forma linear a massa de ovos, a conversão por massa de ovos e a conversão por dúzia de ovos. A suplementação da ração com menor teor de fósforo disponível (0,094%) com 300 a 1.200 UF melhorou a resistência óssea das aves. Poedeiras exigem em média 0,31 a 0,34% Pd. A adição de 300 UF ou o aumento do fósforo disponível em rações com 600 UF melhora a conversão por massa de ovos. A suplementação de rações deficientes em fósforo disponível com pelo menos 300 UF aumenta os níveis plasmáticos de fósforo, os teores de cinzas na tíbia e a resistência óssea de poedeiras comerciais.
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An experiment was carried out to establish mean bone quality values of the tibiae and femora of ostriches and to evaluate these bones. The right leg bones of 10 males and 10 female African Black ostriches were evaluated. Birds were radiographed immediately after slaughter (during bleeding), with the aid of a portable X-ray apparatus. The obtained radiographs were scanned and bone mineral density means were obtained using software. Bone strength, Seedor index, and dry matter percentage were evaluated and correlated to weight gain during the finishing period (3-13 months of age). Mean values of the evaluated bone quality traits, not previously found in literature, were established. There were no significant differences between males and females in performance or bone quality parameters. It was concluded that male and female ostriches present similar performance and bone quality at slaughter age.
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O experimento foi realizado para avaliar o efeito dos níveis de cálcio (Ca) e da granulometria do calcário (GC) para poedeiras comerciais. Foram utilizadas 216 poedeiras da linhagem Dekalb White de 25 a 49 semanas de idade em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 3 × 2, composto de três níveis de cálcio (3,92; 4,02 e 4,12%) e duas granulometrias do calcário (fina - 0,60 mm; e grossa - 1,00 mm), que resultaram em seis tratamentos, com seis repetições de seis aves. Não houve efeito significativo dos níveis de cálcio e da granulometria do calcário nem da interação nível de cálcio × granulometria do calcário para o consumo de ração, o peso dos ovos, a gravidade específica, a espessura da casca, a porcentagem de casca, a unidade Haugh, a digestibilidade de cálcio e fósforo e a porcentagem do trato digestório. A produção, massa, conversão por massa e conversão por dúzia de ovos tiveram seus melhores resultados com 4,12% de cálcio na dieta. A porcentagem de moela e o consumo de ração observado às 15 h melhoraram com o aumento na granulometria do calcário de 0,60 para 1,00 mm. Houve efeito da interação entre nível de cálcio e granulometria do calcário para a resistência à quebra da tíbia, a densidade óssea, o comprimento do intestino delgado e o consumo de ração às 6, 9, 12, 18 e 21 h, respectivamente. Recomenda-se a adição de 4,12% de cálcio e calcário na granulometria grossa (1,00 mm) para melhor desempenho de poedeiras comerciais. Mais estudos são necessários para elucidar os mecanismos envolvidos na alteração do comportamento alimentar das poedeiras em resposta às mudanças nos níveis de cálcio e na granulometria do calcário das rações.
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Background: Many studies have shown that physical exercises are able to stimulate bone formation and increase bone mass, constituting a therapeutic modality to treat bone loss due to osteoporosis. However, some points about the intensity, duration and frequency of the exercises remain confusing and contradictory. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the effects of a progressive loading exercise program on femur of osteopenic rats. To induce osteopenia we used the animal model of ovariectomy (OVX). Forty animals was studied and divided into 4 groups: sham-operated sedentary (SS); ovariectomy-sedentary (OS); sham-operated training (ST) and ovariectomy training (OT). The trained groups performed jumps into water: 4 series of 10 jumps each, with an overload of 50% to 80% of the animal's body weight, during 8 weeks. Femora were submitted to a physical properties evaluation, a biomechanical test, calcium and phosphorus content measurement and a morphometric histological evaluation. Results: osteopenic animals showed a decrease of bone strength and lower values of bone weights, bone density and calcium content. The exercised osteopenic rats showed higher values of geometrical, physical properties, bone strength and calcium content compared to controls. The results of the present study indicate that the progressive loading exercise program had stimulatory effects on femora of osteopenic rats. It seems that the intensity and duration of the protocol used produced bone structural adaptations, which contributed to reverse bone loss due to ovariectomy.
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Objective: To determine the nervous activation, muscle strength, and biomechanical parameters that influence the cost of walking in older fallers and non-fallers. Methods: Maximal voluntary isokinetic torque was measured for the hip, knee and ankle of older women. Oxygen consumption was measured at rest and during 8 min of walking at self-selected speed. An additional minute of walking was performed to collect kinematic variables and the electromyographic signal of trunk, hip, knee, and ankle muscles, which was analyzed by the linear envelope. Cost of walking was calculated by subtracting resting body mass-normalized oxygen consumption from walking body mass-normalized oxygen consumption. Stride time and length, and ankle and hip range of motion were calculated from kinematic data. Findings: Older adult fallers had 28% lower knee extensor strength (p = 0.02), 47% lower internal oblique activation at heel contact (p = 0.03), and higher coactivation between tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius lateralis in each of the gait phases (p < 0.05). For fallers, a higher activation of gluteus maximus was associated with a higher cost of walking (r = 0.55, p < 0.05 and r = 0.71, p < 0.01, before and after heel contact, respectively). For non-fallers, an association between cost of walking and age (r = 0.60, p = 0.01) and cost of walking and thigh muscle coactivation (r = 0.53, p = 0.01) existed. Interpretation: This study demonstrated that there may be links between lower-extremity muscle weakness, muscle activation patterns, altered gait, and increased cost of walking in older fallers. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Pós-graduação em Bases Gerais da Cirurgia - FMB
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Pós-graduação em Genética e Melhoramento Animal - FCAV
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Pós-graduação em Alimentos e Nutrição - FCFAR
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)