Experiência da gravidez após os 35 anos de mulheres com baixa renda

Objetivou-se apreender as representações sociais sobre gravidez após os 35 anos a partir de mulheres com baixa renda que vivenciaram essa experiência. A abordagem qualitativa foi empregada com base na Teoria das Representações Sociais. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com 25 gestantes usuárias de um serviço público de referência do interior paulista. Os dados foram sistematizados pela técnica do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo. Verificou-se que a opção pela gravidez tardia se atrela ao desejo da mulher de consolidar suas relações em novas uniões conjugais, à estabilidade financeira e à maturidade do casal. As mulheres representam esta experiência como positiva, se houver planejamento prévio, envolvimento do companheiro e se for bem aceita pela família, após sua constatação. Sem a satisfação destas condições, as representações revestem-se de sentimentos negativos ligados a dor, sofrimento e morte. As conclusões deste estudo enfatizam a importância de os serviços públicos de saúde considerarem estes aspectos.

Frequência da neoplasia endócrina múltipla tipo 1 em grupos de pacientes com adenoma hipofisário: aspectos clínicos e estudo genético familiar

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

A crise do subprime e seus efeitos sobre os Estados Unidos e reflexos no Brasil

Between December 2007 and June 2009 the United States witnessed 18 months of recession that became known as the subprime crisis. Beginning in the housing market, the crisis moved into the banking and financial markets and spread throughout the entire economy through a domino effect, affecting the majority of other businesses. A major reflection of this was the large rise in unemployment rates due to business slashing jobs in an attempt to preserve cash. Although the crisis has officially ended, the unemployment rate reached over 10% in 2010 in the United States. American's continue to seek new jobs in a very difficult employment market, while attempting to manage the family household budget. American household income, which decreased either by pay cuts, job loss, and the effects of inflation, leads the majority of Americans to declare that the crisis had not yet ended. The crisis has spread to the world in varying degrees. Brazil was one of the countries least affected due to government policies and the large amount of foreign exchange. Although the crisis has affected Brazil only slightly, we will show how it reached this country and how the government solved this problem. This research paper will explain how the subprime crisis began, how it manifested itself in the U.S. economy and throughout the population. Also, it will show the crisis’ effects in Brazil and show some statements from Americans with their respective views and their experiences relative to the crisis

Regulation of Social Hierarchy Over Time in Colonies of the Primitive Eusocial Wasp Mischocyttarus (Monocyttarus) cassununga. Von Ihering, 1903 (Hymenoptera, Vespidae)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

p38 MAPK regulates IL-1β induced IL-6 expression through mRNA stability in osteoblasts

Osteoblast-derived IL-6 functions in coupled bone turnover by supporting osteoclastogenesis favoring bone resorption instead of bone deposition. Gene regulation of IL-6 is complex occurring both at transcription and post-transcription levels. The focus of this paper is at the level of mRNA stability, which is important in IL-6 gene regulation. Using the MC3T3-E1 as an osteoblastic model, IL-6 secretion was dose dependently decreased by SB203580, a p38 MAPK inhibitor. Steady state IL-6 mRNA was decreased with SB203580 (2 μM) ca. 85% when stimulated by IL-1β (1-5 ng/ ml). These effects require de novo protein synthesis as they were inhibited by cycloheximide. p38 MAPK had minor effects on proximal IL-6 promoter activity in reporter gene assays. A more significant effect on IL-6 mRNA stability was observed in the presence of SB203580. Western blot analysis confirmed that SB203580 inhibited p38 MAP kinase, in response to IL-1β in a dose dependent manner in MC3T3-E1 cells. Stably transfected MC3T3-E1 reporter cell lines (MC6) containing green fluorescent protein (GFP) with the 3′untranslated region of IL-6 were constructed. Results indicated that IL-1β, TNFα, LPS but not parathyroid hormone (PTH) could increase GFP expression of these reporter cell lines. Endogenous IL-6 and reporter gene eGFP-IL-6 3′UTR mRNA was regulated by p38 in MC6 cells. In addition, transient transfection of IL-6 3′UTR reporter cells with immediate upstream MAP kinase kinase-3 and -6 increased GFP expression compared to mock transfected controls. These results indicate that p38 MAPK regulates IL-1β-stimulated IL-6 at a post transcriptional mechanism and one of the primary targets of IL-6 gene regulation is the 3′UTR of IL-6.

The current financial and economic crisis: empirical and methodological issues

In this paper we describe the main causes of the recent financial crisis as a result of many theoretical, methodological, and practical shortcomings mostly according to heterodox, but also including some important orthodox economists. At theoretical level, there are problems concerning teaching and using economic models with overly unrealistic assumptions. In the methodological front, we find the unsuspected shadow of Milton Friedman’s ‘unrealisticism of assumptions’ thesis lurking behind the construction of this kind of models and the widespread neglect of methodological issues. Of course, the most evident shortcomings are at the practical level: (i) huge interests of the participants in the financial markets (banks, central bankers, regulators, rating agencies mortgage brokers, politicians, governments, executives, economists, etc. mainly in the US, Canada and Europe, but also in Japan and the rest of the world), (ii) in an almost completely free financial and economic market, that is, one (almost) without any regulation or supervision, (iii) decision-taking upon some not well regarded qualities, like irresponsibility, ignorance, and inertia; and (iv) difficulties to understand the current crisis as well as some biases directing economic rescues by governments. Following many others, we propose that we take this episode as an opportunity to reflect on, and hopefully redirect, economic theory and practice.