Partial characterization of the polluting load of swine wastewater treated with an integrated biodigestion system

The stabilization of swine wastewaters from swine confined housing by the combination of a upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor and waste stabilization ponds is a viable alternative to minimize the environmental impact caused by inadequate disposal of swine wastewaters. In the present study, the polluting load of pre-decanted swine wastewater treated with a series of two 0.705 m(3) UASB reactors and then in parallel in aerated and non-aerated stabilization tanks was investigated from January to July, 2000. Physicochemical and microbiological analyses were made adopting standard methods (Standard Methods for Examination of Water and Wastewater, 19th ed., American Public Health Association, Washington, DC, 1995). COD values decreased as the wastewater ran through the integrated biodigestion system dropping from about 3492 +/- 511-4094 mg l(-1) +/- 481 to 124 +/- 52-490 mg l(-1) +/- 230, while nitrate and nitrite levels increased in stabilization tanks, ranging respectively from 4 +/- 0 to 20 mg l(-1) +/- 3 and 3 +/- 1 to 11 mg l(-1) +/- 24. Although the removal of Escherichia coli was more than 97% +/- 6, the effluents of the treatment system still contained unacceptable levels of E. coli (1.6 x 10(3)-1.2 x 10(6) 100 ml(-1)) according to WHO guidelines for use of wastewater in agriculture and aquaculture. These results indicate the necessity of changes on operational characteristics of the treatment system such as an increase of the hydraulic retention time in UASB reactors or in stabilization tanks. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Padronização de três ELISAs polivalentes com lipopolissacarídeos de cadeia longa dos sorotipos 1 e 5, 2, 3 e 7 ou 10 e 12 de Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Purification and structural characterisation of (1 -> 3 ; 1 -> 6)-beta-D-glucans (botryosphaerans) from Botryosphaeria rhodina grown on sucrose and fructose as carbon sources: a comparative study

Two botryosphaerans, exopolysaccharides (EPS) secreted by the ascomyceteous fungus Botryosphaeria rhodina, when grown on sucrose and fructose as sole carbon sources, were structurally compared after their isolation from the culture medium. Both EPS were submitted to trypsin digestion, and eluted as a single peak on gel filtration. Total acid hydrolysis yielded only glucose, and data from methylation analysis and Smith degradation indicated that both EPS constituted a main chain of glucopyranosyl beta(1 -> 3) linkages substituted at O-6. The products obtained after partial acid hydrolysis demonstrated side chains consisting of glucosyl- and gentiobiosyl- linked beta(1 -> 6) residues. C-13-NMR spectroscopy studies showed that all glucosidic linkages were of the beta-configuration. The carbon source affected the side chain structures of botryosphaeran but not the main chain makeup. Sucrose produced less branching (21%) than fructose (31%). (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Structural characterization of Botryosphaeran: a (1 -> 3;1 -> 6)-beta-D-glucan produced by the ascomyceteous fungus, Botryosphaeria sp.

The exopolysaccharide, Botryosphaeran, produced by the ligninolytic, ascomycetcous fungus Botryosphaeria sp., was isolated from the extracellular fluid by precipitation with ethanol, and purified by gel permeation chromatography to yield a carbohydrate-rich fraction (96%) composed mainly of glucose (98%). Infra-red and C-13 NMR spectroscopy showed that all the glucosidic linkages were in the beta-configuration. Data from methylation analysis and Smith degradation indicated that Botryosphaeran was a (1 --> 3)-beta-(D)-glucan with approx 22% side branching at C-6. The products obtained from partial acid hydrolysis demonstrated that the side branches consisted of single (1 --> 6)-beta-linked glucosyl, and (1 --> 6)-beta-linked gentiobiosyl residues.[GRAPHICS](C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Chemical Modification of Botryosphaeran: Structural Characterization and Anticoagulant Activity of a Water-Soluble Sulfonated (1 -> 3)(1 -> 6)-beta-D-Glucan

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Evaluation of the beta-glucanolytic enzyme complex of Trichoderma harzianum Rifai for the production of gluco-oligosaccharide fragments by enzymatic hydrolysis of 1,3;1,6-beta-D-glucans

Botryosphaeran, a new exopolysaccharide from the endophytic fungus Botryosphaeria rhodina MAMB-05, and algal laminarin were hydrolyzed by partially-fractionated enzymes of the beta-glucanolytic complex from Trichoderma harzianum Rifai. beta-Glucanase fractions (F-I and F-II) separated by gel permeation chromatography presented different modes of attack on botryosphaeran and laminarin. Botryosphaeran was hydrolyzed to the extent of 66% (F-I) and 98% (F-II) within 30 min, and its main hydrolysis products were gluco-oligosaccharides of DP >= 4, with lesser amounts of glucose, di- and tri-saccharides. The action of enzyme fractions I and II on laminarin resulted in 15% conversion to glucose, while the percentage of saccharification was radically different (70% for F-I and 25% for F-II). The different product arrays within the polysaccharide hydrolysates can be explained by the difference in the enzymes' specificities within each enzyme fraction, and the molecular structures of the polysaccharides and their complexity.

Triple helix conformation of botryosphaeran, a (1 -> 3;1 -> 6)-beta-D-glucan produced by Botryosphaeria rhodina MAMB-05

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Efeito do 1,3/1,6 beta-glucano no sistema imune de cadelas submetidas a ovário-histerectomia

Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FCAV

Effects of β-(1→3,1→6)-d-glucan and density of diets on the blood profiles of immunologically challenged weaned piglets

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of two levels of the β-(1→3,1→6)-d-glucan (0 and 500ppm) from yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and two levels of energy (3300 and 3450kcalMEkg(-1)) on the hematological, immunological and, biochemical profiles of thirty-six 21-days-old weaned piglets, challenged with 150μgkg(-1) of BW lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Escherichia coli serotype 055:B5. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design in a 2×2 factorial arrangement with nine replicates per treatment and, one animal per experimental unit. The data were analyzed in accordance with the multivariate analysis procedure of SAS and, the treatment means of parametric and non-parametric data were compared by Bonferroni's test (P<0.05) and, by Dunn's test (P<0.05), respectively. The data of the blood profiles of alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and, creatinine showed that LPS did not cause kidney or liver damage in the animals. The addition of beta-glucan in the diets did not prove the robustness of its effect and biological relevance when provided with low nutrient-density. However, its addition combined with the high-nutrient-density diets showed less marked hypoglobulinemia in piglets, which may have contributed to the decreasing of the synthesis of inflammatory mediators.

Amniotic Fluid Interleukin-1 Beta and Interleukin-6, but not Interleukin-8 Correlate with Microbial Invasion of the Amniotic Cavity in Preterm Labor

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Three exopolysaccharides of the beta-(1 -> 6)-D-glucan type and a beta-(1 -> 3;1 -> 6)-D-glucan produced by strains of Botryosphaeria rhodina isolated from rotting tropical fruit

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Lepton masses from a TeV scale in a 3-3-1 model

In this work, using the fact that in 3-3-1 models the same leptonic bilinear contributes to the masses of both charged leptons and neutrinos, we develop an effective operator mechanism to generate mass for all leptons. The effective operators have dimension five for the case of charged leptons and dimension seven for neutrinos. By adding extra scalar multiplets and imposing the discrete symmetry Z(9)xZ(2) we are able to generate realistic textures for the leptonic mixing matrix. This mechanism requires new physics at the TeV scale.

DYNAMICAL SYMMETRY BREAKING IN A MINIMAL 3-3-1 MODEL

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Spontaneous breaking of a global symmetry in a 3-3-1 model

In a 3-3-1 model in which the lepton masses arise from a scalar sextet it is possible to break spontaneously a global symmetry which implies in a pseudoscalar Majoron-like Goldstone boson. This Majoron does not mix with any other scalar fields and for this reason it does not couple, at the tree level, to either the charged leptons or to the quarks. Moreover, its interaction with neutrinos is diagonal. We also argue that there is a set of parameters in which the model can be consistent with the invisible Z0 width and that heavy neutrinos can decay sufficiently rapid by Majoron emission, having a lifetime shorter than the age of the universe. ©1999 The American Physical Society.

Remark on the muonium to antimuonium conversion in a 3-3-1 model

Here we analyze the relation between the search for muonium to antimuonium conversion and the 3-3-1 model with doubly charged bileptons. We show that the constraint on the mass of the vector bilepton obtained by experimental data can be evaded even in the minimal version of the model since there are other contributions to that conversion. We also discuss the condition for which the experimental data constraint is valid. ©2000 The American Physical Society.