191 resultados para attribute grammars
em Repositório Institucional UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista "Julio de Mesquita Filho"
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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Agricultural activity has direct consequences on the soil and water quality. Thus, assessing environmental impacts of this vital economic activity, through soil attribute analysis, is essential to the proposal of alternatives. The aim of this study was to analyze soil quality under different land management practices, conventional and organic. The study was carried out in a watershed of the Ibiuna municipality, SP, Brazil, an important supplier of agricultural products for the São Paulo metropolitan area. A hundred samples were collected, 20 in each type of land use: reforested areas, native vegetation, pasture, conventional cultivation and organic cultivation. The soil resistance to penetration, its pH (in water and KO), electrical conductivity, bulk density, particle density, porosity, soil color, soil texture and the percentages of carbon and nitrogen were analyzed. The data were statistically analyzed, searching for significant differences. The results of soil analysis showed great similarity between the organic and conventional culture, with no statistical differences. However, organic cultivation showed greater similarity to the soil of native vegetation in the percentage of carbon and nitrogen in soils compared to conventional culture. Thus, the discussion begins on a topic very little explored so far, and the results obtained should be further studied.
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Three experiments were conducted with juveniles of the crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus to investigate the effect of intermittent feeding regimes on growth and the ability to tolerate the shortage of food. In experiment 1, stage III juveniles were assigned to one of seven intermittent feeding groups (from FS1: 1 day fed/1 day non-fed to FS7: 7 days fed/7 days non-fed) and two control groups, continuously fed (CF) and continuously starved (CS) animals; this experiment comprised a short-term intermittent feeding period until the first molt, followed by a continuous feeding period. In the experiment 2, stage III juveniles were assigned to one of three intermittent feeding groups (FS2 to FS4) and one control group (CF); it consisted of a prolonged intermittent feeding period, until the end of the experiment In the experiment 3, stage VI and VII juveniles were assigned to one of three intermittent feeding groups (FS2 to FS4) and one control (CF); it also consisted of a prolonged intermittent feeding period. The red claw crayfish juveniles were able to tolerate periods of intermittent feeding and underwent compensatory growth after continuous feed was re-established. The ability of crayfish to tolerate intermittent feeding was influenced by developmental stage and duration of the intermittent feeding period. Stage III juveniles survived, but decreased growth, when subjected to prolonged intermittent feeding. However, they showed full compensatory growth when the intermittent feeding period was short and followed by continuous feeding. on the other hand, stage VI-VII tolerated 60 days of prolonged intermittent feeding without any change in growth and survival. The hepatosomatic index (based on wet weight) values of the treatments and the control were similar, suggesting that intermittent feeding may not be considered a nutritional stress condition. The relative pleon weight (based on wet weight) values of the treatments and control were similar suggesting low use of nutrients from the muscle to increase the chance for survival. The juveniles of C quadricarinatus can tolerate relatively long periods of low food availability and this is an important adaptation for their survival in changing/unpredictable environments and an attribute favorable for the production of the species. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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Meu objetivo é mostrar que as teses externalistas os significados não estão na cabeça e os pensamentos não estão na cabeça não implicam, necessariamente, a tese mais radical a mente não está na cabeça. Trato dessa questão no âmbito do Externalismo Social de Tyler Burge e Lynne Baker, argumentando que a importância que esses pensadores atribuem à linguagem nas questões relativas à mente não significa, como uma leitura apressada poderia sugerir, a redução da mente à linguagem e, muito menos, a eliminação da mente. A minha conclusão é que o externalismo social linguístico não se constitui como uma estratégia eficaz de enfrentamento dos problemas da natureza da mente e de sua relação com o corpo.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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In this paper is a totally automatic strategy proposed to reduce the complexity of patterns ( vegetation, building, soils etc.) that interact with the object 'road' in color images, thus reducing the difficulty of the automatic extraction of this object. The proposed methodology consists of three sequential steps. In the first step the punctual operator is applied for artificiality index computation known as NandA ( Natural and Artificial). The result is an image whose the intensity attribute is the NandA response. The second step consists in automatically thresholding the image obtained in the previous step, resulting in a binary image. This image usually allows the separation between artificial and natural objects. The third step consists in applying a preexisting road seed extraction methodology to the previous generated binary image. Several experiments carried out with real images made the verification of the potential of the proposed methodology possible. The comparison of the obtained result to others obtained by a similar methodology for road seed extraction from gray level images, showed that the main benefit was the drastic reduction of the computational effort.
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O objetivo desta investigação foi verificar o julgamento de educadoras de creche sobre os fatores que causam e/ou influenciam o temperamento e o desempenho de bebês. Vinte e uma educadoras foram entrevistadas a respeito de cada um dos 90 bebês de 4 a 24 meses sob seus cuidados, seguindo um roteiro semi-estruturado. Os resultados mostram que (a) as crenças das educadoras são predominantemente ambientalistas, isto é, que as educadoras atribuem influência significativa do ambiente no temperamento e desempenho dos bebês, e (b) que elas subestimam o seu papel de promotoras do desenvolvimento das crianças. A necessidade de se conhecer as crenças das educadoras para a eleboração de programas de treinamento eficazes é enfatizada.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Com o objetivo de avaliar a influência da composição química do substrato no cultivo do cogumelo comestível Pleurotus florida, seis resíduos agrícolas foram testados: palha de arroz, palha de feijão, palha de trigo, folha de bananeira, palha de sorgo e sabugo de milho. O substrato palha de feijão apresentou resultados semelhantes para a produção (189,8 g kg-1), eficiência biológica (89,2%) e número de cogumelos (12) à palha de arroz, substrato utilizado tradicionalmente no cultivo de Pleurotus em escala comercial. Não foi possível atribuir apenas a um fator químico as altas produções e eficiências biológicas observadas em palha de arroz e palha de feijão e muito menos para a baixa produção em palha de sorgo (77,8 g kg-1) e sabugo de milho (53,2 g g-1). No geral, substratos com relação C/N em torno de 45 (N = 1,0%), maior conteúdo de cinzas, acrescido de altos teores de P, K, Ca, Mg and Mn foram os melhores para o cultivo de P. florida.
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Double three-phase transmission lines are analyzed in this paper using a modal transformation model. The main attribute of this model is the use of a single real transformation matrix based on line geometrical characteristics and the Clarke matrix. Because of this, for any line point, the electrical values can be accessed for phase domain or mode domain using the considered transformation matrix and without convolution methods. For non-transposed symmetrical lines the errors between the model results and the exact modes are insignificant values. The eigenvector and eigenvalue analyses for transposed lines search the similarities among the three analyzed transposition types and the possible simplifications for a non-transposed case.
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The recovery of native area used in hydroelectric power station construction is a slow process, and it requires the use of covering plant as a source of organic matter, application of nutrients and amendments as soil conditioner. Thus, this study has the objective to study the recovery of physical attribute of subsoil in a distrophic Red Latosol, used in the embankment and foundation of Hydroelectric Power Station, Ilha Solteira, São Paulo, Brazil. The design used was randomized blocks with eight treatments and four replications. The research started in 1992. The treatments consisted of green manure, pasture and soil amendment. After 13 years, total porosity, macroporosity, microporosity, bulk density, aggregate stability, resistance to penetration, organic matter of soil and dry matter of pasture production were evaluated. The adopted treatments are slowly contributing towards recovery of physical attributes of exposed subsoil. The effects of the soil recovery are reaching 0-0.10 m depth.
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O feijão, importante fonte proteica, é um alimento muito comum na dieta da população dos países latino-americanos, sendo o Brasil maior produtor mundial deste legume. Nacionalmente, seu cultivo no sistema de semeadura direta tem crescido ano após ano. em 2002, foi avaliada a variabilidade espacial do feijoeiro, em função dos atributos químicos de um Latossolo Vermelho Distroférrico no sistema de semeadura direta, em Selvíria (MS) no Cerrado Brasileiro. O objetivo do presente estudo foi selecionar, entre os atributos do solo pesquisado, aquele com a melhor correlação, linear e espacial, para explicar a variabilidade da produtividade do feijoeiro. Foi instalada uma rede amostral, para a coleta de dados do solo e das plantas, com 135 pontos amostrais, em uma área de 7500 m². A produtividade de grãos de feijão (PG) representou o atributo da planta, enquanto os do solo foram: P, MO, pH, K, Ca, Mg, H+Al, S, T e o V%. Estabeleceram-se correlações lineares, simples e múltiplas, entre a PG e os atributos do solo. Foram modelados semivariogramas para todos os atributos, obtendo-se as respectivas krigagens e validações cruzadas. Também foram estabelecidas as co-krigagens entre a PG e os atributos do solo. em relação à produtividade de grãos de feijão, 22% da sua variação foram atribuídos à variação nos atributos químicos do solo. Tanto linear quanto espacialmente, o pH do solo foi bom indicador da produtividade de grãos de feijão quando cultivado sob sistema de semeadura direta.