18 resultados para alphabetization

em Repositório Institucional UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista "Julio de Mesquita Filho"


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The Backpropagation Algorithm (BA) is the standard method for training multilayer Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), although it converges very slowly and can stop in a local minimum. We present a new method for neural network training using the BA inspired on constructivism, an alphabetization method proposed by Emilia Ferreiro based on Piaget philosophy. Simulation results show that the proposed configuration usually obtains a lower final mean square error, when compared with the standard BA and with the BA with momentum factor.

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The present article, which is one study among others, seeks to understand practices and tactics of day-to-day school, spanning and being spanned by three studies in Mathematics education. The diversity of scenes, people and strategies used by actors in everyday school, considered from the theoretical perspectives of Foucault and Deleuze, shed light on the ways Mathematic alphabetization takes place and evidence regarding what is present in the black box of school culture, in a constant problematization about what a school can do. Maps are presented that establish cartographies, revealing smooth and striated territories, on a path created by the research done in those schools, where life is always invented.

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Pós-graduação em Educação - IBRC

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Pós-graduação em Educação - FFC

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O presente artigo tenta recuperar as idéias e proposta de H.Furth (1973 ), apontando-a como mais uma opção para tentar trabalhar com as dificuldades das crianças no processo de alfabetização. O autor propõe a substituição das “escolas da linguagem” pelas “escolas do pensamento”, ou seja,substituir a opção do professor no ensino da leitura-escrita, em sua forma tradicional, de como transformar sinais gráficos em sonoros e vice-versa, por aquela do fortalecimento do pensamento, alimentando o intelecto em desenvolvimento da criança por meio de exercícios de “lógica simbólica”.Para nos embasar teoricamente, apresentamos ainda alguns aspectos da teoria psicogenética, bem como outros trabalhos realizados mais recentemente sobre o assunto, que embora “travestidos” (disfarçados) com novas roupagens, ainda encontram seus fundamentos nas obras de J.Piaget.

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O presente artigo trata das concepções que regem e fundamentam as pesquisas que vêm sendo realizadas acerca do tema alfabetização no Brasil. Essas concepções são analisadas por meio de algumas produções acadêmicas, estudos publicados e documentos que mapeiam dados estatísticos (IBGE) referentes ao tema, abrangendo, sobretudo, as décadas de 80 e 90. O artigo demonstra que analisando as concepções que regem e fundamentam as pesquisas educacionais e as práticas pedagógicas pode-se compreender e explicitar, em última análise, o próprio significado de alfabetização, o qual encontra-se vinculado ao contexto histórico, social, econômico e político.

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Atualmente, a alfabetização como trabalho escolar encontra-se em situação bastante complexa. O ensino tem sido criticado, com freqüência, a ele são atribuídos os baixos desempenhos dos estudantes em leitura e escrita. A formação dos professores também é questionada por não ser adequada à realidade educacional do país. Na prática, observamos o embate de novas propostas pedagógicas – sobretudo da estruturação curricular em ciclos e do construtivismo - com as práticas que há muito tempo predominam no sistema de ensino. As interpretações das propostas pedagógicas não são uniformes no trabalho docente, variam com nas escolas e nas salas de aula. Muitas vezes, o construtivismo é confundido com antigos métodos. Como o ensino atual é afetado por propostas de mudanças pedagógicas complexas, a compreensão do que ocorre com a alfabetização pode ser facilitada com a distinção entre as práticas vinculadas a diversas concepções teóricas.O estudo da didática da alfabetização pode ajudar ao desenvolvimento desse processo por permitir identificar as transposições das diversas concepções teóricas para o trabalho escolar. Neste artigo, apresentamos uma visão geral das abordagens metodológicas e das práticas didáticas a elas correspondentes. Para isso, revisitamos os métodos de alfabetização, a proposta feita pedagógica elaborada por Paulo Freire para a alfabetização de adultos.

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A leitura, a escrita e a sua aquisição são pesquisadas em vários domínios do saber segundo perspectivas epistemológicas diversas; dessas pesquisas resulta intensa e diversificada produção de saberes. A alfabetização, como trabalho escolar, passa pelo embate entre práticas estabelecidas e novas propostas teóricas, sobretudo a construtivista. Isto não significa que as inovações teóricas sejam realmente aplicadas ou que as expectativas da sociedade quanto à educação escolar sejam atendidas. Para isso contribuem muitos fatores. A elaboração de uma visão do conjunto das diferentes contribuições teóricas e de suas implicações para a relação pedagógica pode ajudar a compreender o que acontece com o trabalho relativo à alfabetização do ponto de vista didático.Contribuir para o desenvolvimento desse processo constitui o objetivo deste trabalho. Para isso visitamos os diversos enfoques teóricos da leitura e da escrita, as relações entre oralidade e escrita, as abordagens pedagógicas, focalizamos as tendências atuais, sobretudo o construtivismo.

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This qualitative research was performed with the goal of investigating the contributions of theoretical and methodological perspectives in the alphabetization process, aiming to train proficient writers of texts with communicative function. Hence, such were the goals established for this research: giving a retrospective look on the synthetic and analytic methods of teaching literacy; verifying the possibilities and limits of theoretical and methodological approaches of acquiring the ability to write and identifying the teachers’ ideas concerning basic concepts (such as literacy, text and textual genres) imbued in the teaching of writing; and establishing which activities they develop in the course of teaching whether the pedagogical practices of the teacher observed contributed to the formation of students who were capable of producing significant texts of diverse genres, suitable to the objectives, to the readers, and to the context of the circulation of texts. The research was done in a public elementary school, in a 2nd grade class of the city of Jaú. Subjects of the research were four teachers and twenty-eight children. For this work, two instruments were used for data collecting: a questionnaire and direct observation, registered in research diaries. Among the observations made were that, although there are many studies on literacy, the practices actually adopted in class are empirical in nature and do not contribute to the process of developing individual writing or reading skills at all; rather, it is only valued the ability of establishing relations between phonemes and graphemes; literacy teachers do not have adequate knowledge of concepts of literacy, teaching, text and textual genres, valuing only one methodological theory and disregarding other contributions on the field of text production

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The word literacy acquired a polysemy spectrum which put it away from the notion of social and historic process, at the same time that associates it to codification and decodification of writing. Concerning to this last perspective, we would have nothing to add. However, we sustain, in this paper, considering Pêcheux´s Discourse Analysis and Lacanian Psychoanalysis approaches, that there is a conception of literacy as a phenomenon which influences indirectly individuals and cultures for whom the competence of writing is not established. In this sense, the concept of literacy is larger than alphabetization. As an evidence of this proposal, we analyze a text written by a student, that demanded him to write about a context distant from his own, and, to do so, he mobilized places from the archive and from his particular memory, showing a singular knowledge of writing culture, even though his text presents interpenetration of oral an writing forms, aspect that is not allowed by those who defend an a-historical conception of literacy. We discuss that the student’s text ran away from the reduction of a merely pedagogic ideology and reflects a discursive coherence in face of the challenge that was proposed to him. By the end of this paper, we propose that the teachers should search for devices that make easier for their students to write texts in which their authorship could emerge.

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By showing how the problem of illiteracy is present among adolescents 11-14 years of age, attending school regularly, and realize how much this problem affect your life not only in school but also in their participation in society, it has set the aim of this research to alphabetize and write the lyrics registered adolescents of elementary school (6th to 9th grade) in a public school, by the Paulo Freire alphabetization method. The type of research that best responds to the proposed objective was action research with a qualitative approach. The data obtained from this research were analyzed in three topics: the search and selection of generating words, technical literacy and consciousness of each generating words (encoding and decoding of the situation experienced this situation with critical weight, pragmatic), and in the end, the analysis of the production of genre personal letter. The survey results indicate that, indeed, it is possible to write the lyrics and literate adolescents with Freirean literacy method. Also indicate the need to continue this work with the subjects of this research to develop linguistic and discursive skills to dominate the genre studied, both in the phenomenon of literacy, as in the write the lyrics. The results also point to another need, which is the extension of this research work in the community and other schools of the city, who have this problem of having teenagers in Elementary Education II, without being literate, as an alternative to overcome this major problem of illiteracy

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Pós-graduação em Docência para a Educação Básica - FC

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This paper intended to observe the alphabetization process in Brazil, looking for the constructivist model and its difficulties also observing the phonic and the syllabic methods in order to consider the adaptations of these methods for the children’s learning writing language. Without choose between one method in particular this article purposes to do a study of the difficulties that the children shows during the learning of the lecture and writing, in order to help the teachers to think about the problems found and how they may obtain solutions for them when they are in the front of a different group of students.