Do Different Casein Concentrations Increase the Adverse Effect of Rutin on the Biology of Anticarsia gemmatalis Hubner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)?

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

The adverse effect of a high energy dense diet on cardiac tissue

Purpose: To determine whether a high energy dense diet intake increases oxidative stress and alters antioxidant enzymes in cardiac tissue. Design: A randomized, controlled study. Ninety-day-old female rats were randomly divided into two groups: one fed with a low energy dense diet (LE; 3.0 kcal g-1) and one with a high energy dense diet (HE; 4.5 kcal g-1). Materials and Methods: After 8 weeks of treatment, the animals were fasted overnight and sacrificed by decapitation. The serum was used for glucose, triacylglycerol, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol determinations. The glycogen, lipoperoxide, lipid hydroperoxide, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, lactate dehydrogenase, citrate synthase, total and non-protein sulphhydryl groups were determined in cardiac tissue. Results: HE decreased the myocardial glycogen content and increased the lactate dehydrogenase/citrate synthase ratio, indicating an increased glycolytic pathway and a shift from myocardial aerobic metabolism. HE-treated female rats showed increased lipoperoxide and hydroperoxide levels in cardiac tissue. Although no alterations were observed in the total sulphhydryl group and superoxide dismutase activities, glutathione peroxidase and the non-protein sulphhydryl group were significantly decreased in HE-treated animals. Conclusions: Although no alterations were observed in energy intake, HE induced an increased intake of fat and carbohydrate and an increased rate of weight gain. HE intake induced alterations in markers of oxidative stress in cardiac tissue. Hydrogen peroxide is an important toxic intermediate in the development of cardiac oxidative stress by HE. The specific nutrient content, such as fat and carbohydrate, rather than caloric intake, appears to be the main process inducing oxidative stress in HE-treated female rats.

Effect of measurement error and autocorrelation on the (X)over-bar chart

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Effect of fractional urea clearance on survival of hemodialysis patients in relation to gender

Many studies have demonstrated the relationship between dialysis dose and survival. Global mortality is similar among men and women; however, the influence of dialysis dose in the survival could be more intensive between women. Therefore, we conduct an observational study to evaluate the gender-related impact of single pool Kt/V (spKt/V) on the survival of patients submitted to hemodialysis in a university hospital. We found that survival was lower in groups with spKt/V smaller than 1.2 than in those with Kt/V between 1.2 and 1.4. Among female patients, spKt/V smaller than 1.2 had a more adverse effect in survival than among men with a comparable Kt/V. Otherwise, among women, the dialysis dose had an impact in survival even with Kt/V greater than 1.4. Thus, fractional urea clearance more heavily influenced the survival of females than males in hemodialysis patients.

EFFECT of METAL PRIMERS on BOND STRENGTH of RESIN CEMENTS TO BASE METALS

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Effect of floating macrophyte cover on the water quality in fishpond

A study was conducted during 23 days in order to evaluate the impact of floating aquatic macrophyte on the water quality of a fishpond. Water samples were collected in four points, three inside the pond and one in water inlet. Drastic reduction of dissolved oxygen was observed in the pond, down to 0.87 mg/L. No significant differences (P > 0.05) were observed for total CO 2, nitrite and ammonia with respect to inlet water (P1) and inside the pond (P2, P3 e P4). Chlorophyll a displayed an inverse relationship with phosphorus. Among nitrogen compounds, ammonia presented the highest concentrations except in water inlet where nitrate was higher, 513.33 μg/l, as well as the highest conductivity values. The pH was slightly acid. The results obtained showed that the macrophyte cover promoted an adverse effect in the medium. Under control, aquatic plants might impact positively due to its capacity to reduce total phosphorus and nitrate in the water column as observed in this study.

Physical and chemical changes in juvenile and mature woods of Pinus elliottii var. elliottii by thermal modification

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Diuron exposure induces systemic and organ-specific toxicity following acute and sub-chronic exposure in male Wistar rats

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Decreased Sperm Motility in Rats Orally Exposed to Single or Mixed Pesticides

The Brazilian Agency of Sanitary Vigilance (ANVISA) conducted a study that demonstrated the presence of residues of several pesticides in fresh fruits and vegetables that were available for purchase by the general populace. In order to evaluate potential adverse health effects of low-level exposure to agrochemicals, the reproductive toxicity of the pesticides dicofol, dichlorvos, permethrin, endosulfan, and dieldrin was evaluated in rats dosed with these chemicals individually or as mixtures. Sixty male Lewis rats (6 wk old, 200 x g) were randomly allocated to 8 groups: (1) control group, received basal diet; (2) 5 groups designated a to e received the diet containing each pesticide individually, at the respective effective doses: lowest-observed-adverse-effect level (LOAEL) for dieldrin and endosulfan, lowest-observed-effect level (LOEL) for dicofol, and lowest effect level (LEL) for dichlorvos and permethrin, respectively, depending on the published data; (3) effective dose group, which received a mixture of pesticides added to basal diet at the respective doses reported to produce adverse effects; and (4) low dose group, which received a pesticide mixture added to the basal diet, where each pesticide was at its no-observed-effect level (NOEL). After 8 wk of treatment, reproductive parameters were evaluated. Sperm morphology, daily sperm production (DSP), sperm transit time through the epididymis, hormonal levels, and histopathological evaluation of testis and epididymis did not differ significantly among the groups. However, sperm motility was significantly decreased in animals that received a mixture of dieldrin, endosulfan, dicofol, dichlorvos, and permethrin, as well as in the group receiving dicofol alone. Exposure to the individual pesticides endosulfan, dichlorvos, and permethrin did not markedly affect sperm motility. The impairment of sperm motility in the mixture of pesticides at the NOEL level indicates that reproductive effects not seen with individual pesticides may occur in presence of several pesticides due to an additive effect. However, the pesticide mixtures did not appear to affect DSP or spermatogenesis despite reduced sperm motility.

Eventos adversos após vacinação contra influenza em idosos, Distrito de Campinas, SP, 2000

Há poucos dados sistematizados sobre eventos adversos da vacina contra influenza no Brasil. Este trabalho visou identificar estes eventos em população acima de 60 anos que compareceu à Campanha Nacional de Vacinação do Idoso, em Distrito de Campinas, SP, em 2000. Foi realizada entrevista para relato de sintomas gerais e locais, com nexo temporal após a aplicação do imunobiológico, em amostra aleatória sistemática da população (n=206). Registraram-se 20,38% (IC 14,87-25,88) dos indivíduos com um ou mais sintomas, sendo a dor no local da vacina, a mais freqüente 12,6% (IC 8,09-17,15). Ajustou-se um modelo de regressão logística múltipla, tendo como variável dependente, a ocorrência de pelo menos um evento adverso. A variável independente que se mostrou associada às reações adversas foi o sexo (feminino) (OR=5,89 e IC 2,08-16,68). Os achados deste estudo reafirmam a pequena reatogenicidade da vacina contra a influenza.

Negative Effects of Alcohol Intake and Estrogen Deficiency Combination on Osseointegration in a Rat Model

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Femur bone repair in ovariectomized rats under the local action of alendronate, hydroxyapatite and the association of alendronate and hydroxyapatite

P>An evaluation was made of the local action of alendronate sodium (A), hydroxyapatite (HA) and the association of both substances (A + HA), in different molar concentrations, on the femur bone repair of ovariectomized rats. Ninety-eight animals were divided into seven groups: control (C), starch (S), alendronate 1 mol (A1), alendronate 2 mols (A2), hydroxyapatite 1 mol (HA1), hydroxyapatite 2 mols (HA2) and the association of alendronate + hydroxyapatite (A + HA). Rats weighing about 250 g were ovariectomized and 2.5-mm diameter bone defects were made on the left femur 30 days later. Each experimental group had defects filled with appropriate material, except for group C (control). The animals were killed 7 and 21 days after surgery. Histological, histomorphometric and statistical analyses of bone neoformation in the bone defect site were performed. From the histological standpoint, the major differences occurred after 21 days. All specimens in groups C, S, HA1 and HA2 presented linear closure of the bone defect, and most animals in groups A1, A2 and A + HA showed no bone neoformation in the central area of the defect. No statistically significant difference was found among the experimental groups after 7 days; after 21 days, group HA2 presented the highest amount of neoformed bone. There was no significant difference among groups A1, A2 and A + HA in the two study periods. It was concluded that alendronate, either isolated or in association with hydroxyapatite, had an adverse effect on bone repair in this experimental model. Moreover, the hydroxyapatite used here proved to be biocompatible and osteoconductive, with group HA2 showing the best results.

Características biológicas do solo indicadoras de qualidade após dois anos de aplicação de biossólido industrial e cultivo de milho

A utilização agrícola de biossólidos tem sido muito incentivada, mas, como esses resíduos apresentam composição química variada, o valor agronômico e os efeitos sobre características indicadoras de qualidade do solo precisam ser avaliados caso a caso, a fim de estabelecer normas de segurança para uso desses materiais. Neste trabalho foram avaliadas características biológicas, após a aplicação, por dois anos consecutivos, de doses crescentes (0, 6, 12, 18 e 24 t ha-1 base seca) de um biossólido gerado por uma indústria de fibras e resinas PET e da adubação mineral completa no cultivo de milho, em um Cambissolo distrófico, comparados aos de uma área adjacente, sob Brachiaria sp. e sem cultivo nos últimos 10 anos, usada como referência. Os valores de C e N da biomassa microbiana, a respiração basal e as atividades das enzimas urease e beta-glicosidase e da hidrólise do diacetato de fluoresceína (FDA) aumentaram, enquanto a atividade da fosfatase ácida diminuiu com a elevação das doses de biossólido, porém estas não tiveram efeito sobre o quociente metabólico (qCO2). A diminuição da atividade da fosfatase se deveu ao aumento da disponibilidade de P no solo, não caracterizando efeito adverso da aplicação do biossólido. Com aplicação de 12 t ha-1 de biossólido (recomendação agronômica), a respiração e a hidrólise da FDA foram maiores e a atividade da fosfatase foi menor que a obtida no solo com adubação mineral, mas as demais características avaliadas não diferiram entre estes tratamentos. A colonização micorrízica de Brachiaria sp. não diferiu entre plantas de crescimento espontâneo nas parcelas anteriormente cultivadas com milho e aquelas da área adjacente. Apesar do menor número de esporos, verificou-se enriquecimento de espécies de fungos micorrízicos arbusculares (FMAs) nas parcelas cultivadas. O carbono orgânico (Corg) e a biomassa microbiana apresentaram alta correlação com os demais parâmetros avaliados, indicando que as alterações na quantidade e qualidade da matéria orgânica, promovidas pela aplicação do biossólido, refletiram na dinâmica da microbiota e influenciaram positivamente os parâmetros biológicos de qualidade do solo.

Ganho de peso e alterações anatomopatológicas de tilápia-do-nilo arraçoadas com farelo de cacau

The experiment was carried out on the Laboratory of Fish Nutrition - F.M.V.Z., Campus Botucatu - integrated to the UNESP Aquaculture Center, with the main purpose of evaluating the effects of the use of cocoa meal (Theobroma cacao) on diets for Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings. Six diets with increasing levels of cocoa meal (CM): 0% CM; 4% CM; 8% CM; 12% CM; 16% CM and 20% CM were fed for 120 days to the fingerlings, in a completely randomized design. Results showed no significant adverse effect of cocoa meal on weight gain (p>0.05), but there were restrictions to its use on diet, as it was found pathological effects on liver and also behavior disturbs caused by alkaloids present on the product.

Effects of chemical disinfectants on the transverse strength of denture base acrylic resins

The disinfection of dental prostheses by immersion in a chemical solution should be capable of rapid inactivation of pathogenic microorganisms, without causing any adverse effect on the denture base resins. This study evaluated the effect of disinfection immersion on the transverse strength of two heat-cured resins. The denture base resins (Lucitone 550 and QC 20) were polymerized according to the manufacturers' instructions. After polymerization, the specimens were polished, and then stored in water at 37 degreesC for 50 +/- 2 h prior immersion in one of the following solutions for 10 min: 4% chlorhexidine, 1% sodium hypochlorite and 3.78% sodium perborate. The specimens were submitted to disinfection twice, simulating when dentures come from the patient and before being returned to the patient. Ten specimens were made for each group. The transverse strength was evaluated by a 3-point bend test. The flexural strength of the two denture base acrylic resins evaluated remained unaffected after immersion in the three solutions evaluated. In general, the QC 20 resin specimens exhibited lower transverse strength than the Lucitone 550 resin specimens, regardless of immersion solutions.