Leptina, ghrelina e exercício físico

A obesidade é atualmente um problema de saúde pública que provoca sérias conseqüências sociais, físicas e psicológicas. A etiologia da obesidade não é de fácil identificação, uma vez que a mesma é caracterizada como doença multifatorial de complexa interação entre fatores comportamentais, culturais, genéticos, fisiológicos e psicológicos. Recentes avanços na área de endocrinologia e metabolismo mostram que, diferentemente do que se acreditava há alguns anos, o adipócito sintetiza e libera diversas substâncias, não sendo apenas uma célula armazenadora de energia. Entre as substâncias liberadas pelo adipócito incluem-se a adiponectina, o fator de necrose tumoral-alfa, a interleucina-6 e a leptina. Especificamente, a leptina desempenha importante papel no controle da ingestão alimentar e no controle do peso corporal em mamíferos. Além disso, o hormônio ghrelina, recentemente descoberto, também parece influenciar o metabolismo energético e a obesidade. As alterações que o exercício físico provoca na fisiologia endócrino-metabólica podem contribuir sobremaneira para a prática clínica. Assim, essa revisão abordará os conhecimentos mais recentes sobre a leptina, a ghrelina e o papel dos diferentes tipos de exercício físico sobre estes hormônios. Os trabalhos mostram que a relação entre o exercício físico e a concentração plasmática desses peptídeos ainda não está clara. As razões para isso poderiam ser devidas aos diferentes protocolos de treinamento físico empregados nos estudos. Além disso, diferenças genéticas também podem explicar as discrepâncias entre os resultados obtidos em seres humanos, pois a existência de polimorfismo em alguns genes pode acarretar respostas celulares diferentes frente ao exercício físico.

Movement of Heterorhabditis amazonensis and Steinernema arenarium in search of corn fall armyworm larvae in artificial conditions

Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith, 1797) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is considered to be the main pest of maize crops in Brazil. Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) may be used to control this pest and exhibit different, unique abilities to search for their hosts. The movement of EPN in relation to S. frugiperda was evaluated. To test for horizontal movement, a styrofoam enclosure filled with sand was divided into segments, nematodes were placed at the entrance to the enclosure and a larva was placed at the end of each division. The same approach was used to evaluate vertical movement; however, PVC pipes were used in this case. In general, the mortality was inversely proportional to the initial distance between host and nematodes. In the vertical displacement test, both nematodes were able to kill the larvae up to a distance of 25 cm. Therefore, the infective juveniles of H. amazonensis and S. arenarium can search out, infect and kill larvae of S. frugiperda at distances of up to 60 cm and 25 cm of horizontal and vertical displacement, respectively.

Determinação de fármacos diuréticos em associação por cromatografia em camada delgada e espectrofotometria

A rapid, sensitive and reliable thin-layer chromatography/spectrophotometry screening procedure was developed for quantitative determination of diuretics associated in pharmaceutical dosage forms. The chromatographic method employed microcrystalline cellulose and butanol : acetic acid : water (4:1:1) or amilic alcohol : ammonium hydroxide 25% (9:1) as mobile phases and detection by U.V. light. The drugs were extracted using a simple procedure and were quantified by U.V. spectrophotometry. Results varied from 97.5 to 102.5% and are similar to those obtained by conventional methods. This method of quantification of diuretics is promising for quality control of drugs.

Propagandas de medicamentos psicoativos: Análise das informações científicas

Objective: According to the World Health Organization, medicinal drug promotion should be reliable, accurate, truthful, informative, balanced, up-to-date and capable of substantiation. The objective of the present study was to review psychoactive drug advertisements to physicians as for information consistency with the related references and accessibility of the cited references. Methods: Data was collected in the city of Araraquara, Southeastern Brazil, in 2005. There were collected and reviewed 152 drug advertisements, a total of 304 references. References were requested directly from pharmaceutical companies' customer services and searched in UNESP (Ibict, Athenas) and BIREME (SciELO, PubMed, free-access indexed journals) library network and CAPES journals. Advertisement statements were checked against references using content analysis. Results: Of all references cited in the advertisements studied, 66.7% were accessed. Of 639 promotional statements identified, 346 (54%) were analyzed. The analysis showed that 67.7% of promotional statements in the advertisements were consistent with their references, while the remaining was either partially consistent or inconsistent. Of the material analyzed, an average 2.5 (1-28) references was cited per advertisement. In the text body, there were identified 639 pieces of information clearly associated with at least one cited reference (average 3.5 pieces of information per advertisement). Conclusion: The study results evidenced difficult access to the references. Messages on efficacy, safety and cost, among others, are not always supported by scientific studies. There is a need for regulation changes and effective monitoring of drug promotional materials.

Avaliação de diferentes programas de restrição alimentar para matrizes pesadas

Pós-graduação em Zootecnia - FCAV

Para além da forma: impactos das práticas dos vigilantes do peso no corpo e na auto-imagem dos obesos

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Avaliação da microbiota bucal de pacientes com anorexia nervosa e bulimia nervosa

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Characterization and optimization of levan production by Bacillus subtilis NATTO

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Aspectos nutricionais e ambientais da obesidade canina

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Avaliação ultrassonográfica hepática ao modo-B, dúplex e tríplex Doppler de cães com sobrepeso e obesos

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Outcome of pigs with short gut syndrome submitted to orthotopic intestinal transplantation

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Assessment of the quality evaluation of compounded fluconazole capsules marketed in the region of Araraquara (SP, Brazil)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Controle de qualidade e obtenção de extratos de espécies vegetais do cerrado brasileiro com potencial etnofarmacológico

ANVISA (National Health Surveillance Agency) has published in recent years, laws that regulate the stages of the control of plants derivatives, including tests of macro and microscopic botanical identification, phytochemical determination, tests of authenticity and purity, microbiological testing, among other parameters. All the analytical procedures of plant drugs control required by law must be based on the Brazilian Pharmacopoeia, other Pharmacopoeias recognized by ANVISA or quality control guides of plant species published by the World Health Organization (WHO). This study aimed to evaluate some pharmacognostic, phytochemical screening and microbiological control of plant species of the Brazilian cerrado, which have indicated ethnopharmacological: Byrsonima intermedia (Bi), Bauhinia holophylla (Bh) and Myrcia bella (Mb). In addition, certain parameters were determined for obtaining extracts from plants sprayed and dried. These data are important to obtain new scientific information from Brazilian plants with therapeutic potential.

Anti-coagulase-negative Staphylococcus activity of ethanolic extracts of propolis from two Brazilian regions and synergism with antimicrobial drugs by the E-test method

Propolis is a natural resinous substance collected by bees from vegetal sources and its therapeutic properties have been investigated. In this work, we evaluated the inhibitory activity of ethanolic extracts of propolis (EEP) from the Southeast and South of Brazil on coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CNS) growth as well as the EEP in vitro synergism with antimicrobial drugs by using the diffusion method (E-test). The EEP chemical characteristics (dry weight, pH, flavonoid and phenolic compounds) were determined. Seven drugs were tested, and synergism was observed between three drugs and Southeast EEP, six drugs and South EEP, and one drug and ethanol control. Ethanolic extracts of propolis from the South of Brazil presented the greatest flavonoid content and synergism rate, while EEP from the Southeast presented the greatest anti-CNS activity and phenolic compound content. Results showed the correlation among anti-CNS activity, synergism rate and chemical characteristics of propolis.

Role of metabolic control on diabetic nephropathy

OBJETIVO: Os autores relatam a influência do controle metabólico do diabetes, experimentalmente induzido no rato, sobre a nefropatia diabética. Eles observaram o efeito da insulina, da acarbose, um inibidor da glicosidase, e de dois agentes combinados sobre o controle metabólico e o desenvolvimento da expansão mesangial de glomérulos renais, no diabetes induzido pela aloxana no rato. MÉTODOS: Usando 5 grupos de ratos Wistar assim definidos: Normal(N), diabéticos não-tratados (D), diabéticos tratados com acarbose (AD); diabéticos tratados com insulina (ID) e diabéticos tratados com insulina associada à acarbose (IAD) foram avaliados os seguintes parâmetros: peso corporal, ingestão alimentar, ingestão hídrica, diurese, níveis de glicose sanguínea e urinária e as lesões renais: alargamento mesangial e vacuolização de células tubulares, usando contagem semi-quantitativa 1, 3, 6, 9 e 12 meses após a indução do diabetes. RESULTADOS: Houve acentuado aumento da glicemia, dos níveis de glicose na urina, da diurese, da ingestão hídrica e alimentar, e progressiva perda de peso nos ratos diabéticos, enquanto que os ratos diabéticos tratados exibiram melhora significativa destes parâmetros, sendo os ratos tratados com insulina + acarbose os que apresentaram controle metabólico mais satisfatório. Houve um significativo alargamento mesangial nos ratos diabéticos quando comparado ao observado nos ratos normais, desde o 3º até o 12º mês após a indução do diabetes, sendo observada diferença significativa entre os animais tratados com acarbose + insulina e os ratos diabéticos não-tratados. Não houve diferença significativa entre os animais tratados somente com acarbose ou com insulina quando comparados com ratos diabéticos não-tratados. CONCLUSÃO: Os autores discutem os resultados abordando o papel do controle metabólico do diabetes na prevenção da nefropatia diabética.