37 resultados para Water demand

em Repositório Institucional UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista "Julio de Mesquita Filho"


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Compararam-se os efeitos da enxertia nas trocas gasosas de dois híbridos de berinjela em pé franco e enxertado. Conduziu-se um ensaio em ambiente protegido, na FCA/UNESP, em estrutura simples, tipo arco com 7 m de largura, 40 m de comprimento e 3 m de pé direito, cobertos por filme plástico de 100 micrometros. Foram utilizados os híbridos de berinjela Nápoli e Kokuyo, enxertados em porta-enxerto específico (híbrido Taibyo VF) para esta espécie. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, com quatro tratamentos (Nápoli pé franco, Nápoli enxertada, Kokuyo pé franco e Kokuyo enxertada) com dez repetições. A assimilação líquida de CO2 (A), transpiração (E), condutância estomática (g s) e eficiência no uso de água (EUA), obtida pela relação (A/E), foram determinadas às 09:00; 12:00; 14:00 e 16:00 horas em um dia sem nebulosidade com fluxo de fótons fotossinteticamente ativos (FFFA) de 937±126 mmol m-2 s-1, com um sistema fechado portátil de fotossíntese, IRGA, modelo LI-6200 (LI-COR). Observou-se que as plantas do híbrido Kokuyo apresentaram maiores valores para as variáveis A, E, g s e EUA que o híbrido Nápoli. A enxertia não afetou a capacidade fotossintética dos híbridos, porém, esta resultou em menores valores de E e g s nos dois híbridos, levando à maior EUA, efeito este que na prática pode resultar em menor demanda de água pelas plantas.

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A dynamic systems water resources simulation model was developed as a tool to help to analyze water resources management alternatives for the Piracicaba, Capivari and Jundiaí River Water Basins (BH-PCJ). Different politics policy were simulated for 40-year. The model estimates water supply and demand, as well as contamination load from several consumers. Six runs were performed using average precipitation value, changing water supply and demand, and different volumes diverted from BH-PCJ to BH-Alto Tietê For the Business as Usual, the Sustainability Index went from 0.41 in 2010 to 0.22 by 2050; the Water Use Index changed from 80.7% in 2010, to 125.5% by 2050; and the Falkenmark Index changed from 1,302 m 3 person -1 year -1 in 2010 to 774 m 3 P -1 year -1 by 2050. It was noticed that sanitation is one of the biggest concerns in the near future at PCJ River Basin.

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It is presented a software developed with Delphi programming language to compute the reservoir's annual regulated active storage, based on the sequent-peak algorithm. Mathematical models used for that purpose generally require extended hydrological series. Usually, the analysis of those series is performed with spreadsheets or graphical representations. Based on that, it was developed a software for calculation of reservoir active capacity. An example calculation is shown by 30-years (from 1977 to 2009) monthly mean flow historical data, from Corrente River, located at São Francisco River Basin, Brazil. As an additional tool, an interface was developed to manage water resources, helping to manipulate data and to point out information that it would be of interest to the user. Moreover, with that interface irrigation districts where water consumption is higher can be analyzed as a function of specific seasonal water demands situations. From a practical application, it is possible to conclude that the program provides the calculation originally proposed. It was designed to keep information organized and retrievable at any time, and to show simulation on seasonal water demands throughout the year, contributing with the elements of study concerning reservoir projects. This program, with its functionality, is an important tool for decision making in the water resources management.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Irrigação e Drenagem) - FCA

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Determinou-se à demanda hídrica e o coeficiente de cultivo (Kc) do maracujá amarelo (Passiflora edulis Sims f. flavicarpa Deg.), seleção Sul-Brasil, cultivado sob irrigação localizada, no município de Botucatu-SP (22o 51’ S, 48o 26’ W). A evapotranspiração máxima da cultura (ETc) e a evapotranspiração de referência (ETo) foram medidas em lisímetros de nível de lençol freático constante, durante o período de 29 de setembro de 2000 a 20 de julho de 2001. Os valores da ETc e ETo foram de 954,98 mm e 1.069,21 mm, respectivamente, durante todo o período medido. Os valores de Kc variaram de 0,42 a 1,12, com os valores máximos registrados entre 150 e 210 dias após o transplantio das mudas no campo (DAT), período correspondente aos estádios fenológicos de florescimento e formação dos frutos.

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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Irrigação e Drenagem) - FCA

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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The use of rainwater for non-potable purposes generates a reduction in the consumption of treated water, however, this reduction is not observed in the generation of wastewater, as this is independent of the water source. In Brazil, the pricing on the services of collection and treatment of sewage, in general, is based on the coefficient of return of the sewage disposal system, which has a relation sewer / water proportional to the consumption of treated water measured at the consumer unit. The use of rainwater originating from utilization systems infer on the coefficient, underestimating the volume of wastewater generated. Therefore, this study presents a methodology for setting the coefficient of return. Different roof areas, reservoir volumes and rates of water consumption situations were simulated. The behavior of adjustment of the coefficient of return were also analyzed for the average area per capita roof (m² / inhabitant) of Rio Claro - SP. As a result, it can be seen that the adjustment of the coefficient of return is directly proportional to the increase of the roof areas and the volumes of reservoirs, and inversely proportional to the total water demand. The corrected coefficient of return showed the minimum value of 0.83 and a maximum value of 1.45, this variation corresponds to the maximum ratio between the demands of total water and rainwater, since the exploitation of rain water should be used only for non-potable uses, according to NBR 15527 / 07. To the municipality of Rio Claro - SP was noted an adjustment of the coefficient of return ranging from 0.99 to 6.61