The rating of perceived exertion predicts intermittent vertical jump demand and performance

The aims of this study were (a) to assess the ability of the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) to predict performance (i.e. number of vertical jumps performed to a fixed jump height) of an intermittent vertical jump exercise, and (b) to determine the ability of RPE to describe the physiological demand of such exercise. Eight healthy men performed intermittent vertical jumps with rest periods of 4, 5, and 6s until fatigue. Heart rate and RPE were recorded every five jumps throughout the sessions. The number of vertical jumps performed was also recorded. Random coefficient growth curve analysis identified relationships between the number of vertical jumps and both RPE and heart rate for which there were similar slopes. In addition, there were no differences between individual slopes and the mean slope for either RPE or heart rate. Moreover, RPE and number of jumps were highly correlated throughout all sessions (r=0.97-0.99; P0.001), as were RPE and heart rate (r=0.93-0.97; P0.001). The findings suggest that RPE can both predict the performance of intermittent vertical jump exercise and describe the physiological demands of such exercise.

Evaluation of an Innovative Critical Power Model in Intermittent Vertical Jump

The aim of this study was to test if the critical power model can be used to determine the critical rest interval (CRI) between vertical jumps. Ten males performed intermittent countermovement jumps on a force platform with different resting periods (4.1 +/- 0.3 s, 5.0 +/- 0.4 s, 5.9 +/- 0.6 s). Jump trials were interrupted when participants could no longer maintain 95% of their maximal jump height. After interruption, number of jumps, total exercise duration and total external work were computed. Time to exhaustion (s) and total external work (J) were used to solve the equation Work = a + b . time. The CRI (corresponding to the shortest resting interval that allowed jump height to be maintained for a long time without fatigue) was determined dividing the average external work needed to jump at a fixed height (J) by b parameter (J/s). in the final session, participants jumped at their calculated CRI. A high coefficient of determination (0.995 +/- 0.007) and the CRI (7.5 +/- 1.6 s) were obtained. In addition, the longer the resting period, the greater the number of jumps (44 13, 71 28, 105 30, 169 53 jumps; p<0.0001), time to exhaustion (179 +/- 50, 351 +/- 120, 610 +/- 141, 1,282 +/- 417 s; p<0.0001) and total external work (28.0 +/- 8.3, 45.0 +/- 16.6, 67.6 +/- 17.8, 111.9 +/- 34.6 kJ; p<0.0001). Therefore, the critical power model may be an alternative approach to determine the CRI during intermittent vertical jumps.

Dynamic exercise versus tag game warm up: The acute effect on agility and vertical jump in children

Although dynamic and stretching exercises have been widely investigated, there is little information about warm up performed by tag games. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to verify the acute effect of dynamic exercises compared to a tag game warm up on agility and vertical jump in children. 25 boys and 24 girls participated in this study and performed the agility and vertical jump tests after warm up based on dynamic exercises or as a tag game lasting 10 min each in two different days randomly. Dynamic exercises warm up consisted in a run lasting 2.5 min followed by 2 series of 8 dynamic exercises lasting 10 seconds each interspersed with 20s of light run to recovery. Tag game warm up was performed by a tag game with two variations lasting 5 min each. The first variation there was a single cather, which aimed to get the other participants by touching hands. In the second part of the game, the rules were the same except that the participant that was caught had to help the catcher forming a team of catchers. Warm up intensity was monitored by OMNI perceived exertion scale. ANOVA 2x2 for repeated measures (Warm up x Sex) demonstrated no significant differences between dynamic exercises and tag game for agility and vertical jump (P>0.05) for boys and girls. Perceived exertion was significantly higher in tag game compared to dynamic exercises on girls (P<0.05). Both warm up models showed similar acute effects on agility and vertical jump in children. © Faculty of Education. University of Alicante.

Influence of a preventive training program on lower limb kinematics and vertical jump height of male volleyball athletes

Objective: To examine the influence of a preventative training program (PTP) on sagittal plane kinematics during different landing tasks and vertical jump height (VJH) in males. Design: Six weeks prospective exercise intervention. Participants: Fifteen male volleyball athletes (13 ± 0.7 years, 1.70 ± 0.12 m, 60 ± 12 kg). Interventions: PTP consisting of plyometric, balance and core stability exercises three times per week for six weeks. Bilateral vertical jumps with double leg (DL) and single leg (SL) landings were performed to measure the effects of training. Main outcome measurements: Kinematics of the knee and hip before and after training and VJH attained during both tasks after training. The hypothesis was that the PTP would produce improvements in VJH, but would not generate great changes in biomechanical behavior. Results: The only change identified for the SL was the longest duration of landing, which represents the time spent from initial ground contact to maximum knee flexion, after training, while increased angular displacement of the knee was observed during DL. The training did not significantly alter the VJH in either the SL (difference: 2.7 cm) or the DL conditions (difference: 3.5 cm). Conclusions: Despite the PTP's effectiveness in inducing some changes in kinematics, the changes were specific for each task, which highlights the importance of the specificity and individuality in selecting prevention injury exercises. Despite the absence of significant increases in the VJH, the absolute differences after training showed increases corroborating with the findings of statistically powerful studies that compared the results with control groups. The results suggest that short-term PTPs in low risk young male volleyball athletes may enhance performance and induce changes in some kinematic parameters. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.

A unified model for the long and high jump

A simple model based on, the maximum energy that an athlete can produce in a small time interval is used to describe the high and long jump. Conservation of angular momentum is used to explain why an athlete should, run horizontally to perform a vertical jump. Our results agree with world records. (c) 2005 American Association of Physics Teachers.

Efeito do aquecimento com corrida sobre a agilidade e a impulsão vertical em jogadores juvenis de futebol

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of warm-up on agility (AG) and on vertical jump (VJ) tests in youth soccer players. Sixteen players performed the AG and VJ tests without warm-up (NW) and with warm-up (WW) randomly, within two weeks, at least 48 h interval, during season. The warm-up was performed only a light running during 10 min. The paired t-test identified significant difference (p <0,05) between the NW and WW conditions in the tests of SR and CJ (9,14 +/- 0,28 vs 8,94 +/- 0,30 s e 51,4 +/- 4,2 vs 54,5 +/- 6,4 cm, respectively). The warm-up performed on light intensity running was effective to improve the AG and VJ tests performance in youth soccer players.

Estudo comparativo de um salto vertical praticado por indivíduos na água e no solo

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Análise cinemática e cinética do salto vertical de crianças com transtorno do desenvolvimento da coordenação (TDC)

Due to motor difficulties, children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) doesn't feel motivated to do physical activities, sometimes resulting in a decline of their physical fitness, but it isn't really known for sure the reasons that induct children with DCD to low performances in physical fitness tests, because a lot of tasks that are part of the battery of tests of physical performance are complex in the coordination and/or motor control point of view, like the vertical jump for example. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the factors that induct children with DCD to low performances in physical fitness tests, especially in the vertical jump task. For that, cinematic (duration of the eccentrical phase, duration of the concentrical phase, shift of the mass center and velocity of the mass center), kinetic (potency peak and force peak) and vertical jump performance analysis in two conditions (with the use of arms and without it) were realized in a force platform. The results indicated that children with DCD show a lower performance compared to their peers with typical development (TD), due to a lower potency production

Alteração da impulsão vertical após o período competitivo em atletas de profissionais de futebol

Change on vertical jump after competitive period in professionals soccer players. Brazilian Journal of Biomotricity, v. 4, n. 2, p. 140-147, 2010. Soccer is a sport that demands different intensities of run, with decisive actions of a match being held in maximum intensity. Vertical jump test is widely used in soccer players due to the strong relationship with speed and agility. Futhermore, there are little information about change on vertical jump after the competitive season in soccer players. The aim of this study was to analyze change on vertical jump after the competitive season in professional soccer players. Took part in this study 21 male athletes (20.82 ± 3.16 years, 72.28 ± 8.74 kg and 179.91 ± 6.14 cm) subscribers to the 4th division of the Paulista championship of 2009. The competitive season had a duration of 20 weeks, with a total of 20 official matchs done. The test used was the counter-movement vertical jump (VJ), that was performed in the first (PRE) and last (POS) training session of the competitive period. After confirmation of data normality by Kolmogorov-Smirnov, the inferential analysis of the results of VJ between PRE and POS was performed using the paired t-test, considering the significance level of 5%. There was a significant increase (p<0,05) on VJ after the competitive period (PRE=54,19±4,46 and POS=57,94±5,23). According to the results of this study, it is possible to increase the performance of VJ in professional soccer players after the competitive period of 20 weeks duration.

Relação dos saltos vertical, horizontal e sêxtuplo com a agilidade e velocidade em crianças

The aim of the present study were: 1) To verify the relationship of vertical, horizontal and sextuple jumps with agility and velocity of 5, 10 and 25 m; 2) To verify the capacity of these jumps to predict the agility and 5, 10 and 25 m velocity performance in children. Twenty eight boys (9.47 ± 0.64 years) and thirty girls (9.69 ± 0.70 years) were evaluated. The correlation values between agility and velocity on 5, 10 and 25 m velocity were, respectively, r = 0.63, 0.51, 0.44 and 0.64 with vertical jump, r = 0.68, 0.62, 0.28 and 0.62 with sextuple jump, and r = 0.60, 0.50, 0.26 and 0.57 with horizontal jump. The vertical and sextuple jumps were able to predict the agility and 25 m velocity performance (p < 0.05). Furthermore, they demonstrated capacity to predict 5 and 10 m velocity, respectively (p < 0.05). The vertical and sextuple jump tests may be used for assessment and control of training with children practicing activities that require agility and velocity, since both jumps predicted the agility and velocity performance, which did not occur with the horizontal jump.

Electromyographic preactivation pattern of the gluteus medius during weight-bearing functional tasks in women with and without anterior knee pain

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Variáveis fisiológicas e neuromusculares associadas com a performance aeróbia em corredores de endurance: efeitos da distância da prova

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a validade do consumo máximo de oxigênio (VO2max), velocidade associada ao VO2max (vVO2max), tempo de exaustão na vVO2max (Tlim), limiar anaeróbio (LAn), economia de corrida (EC) e força explosiva (FE) para predizer a performance aeróbia de corredores de endurance nas distâncias de 1.500m, 5.000m e 10.000m. Participaram deste estudo 11 corredores de endurance moderadamente treinados (28,36 ± 6,47 anos) que realizaram os seguintes testes: provas simuladas em uma pista de 400m em diferentes dias, nas distâncias de 10.000m, 5.000m e 1.500m; teste incremental máximo para determinar os índices VO2max, vVO2max, e LAn; um teste submáximo de carga constante para determinar a EC, seguido por um teste máximo também de carga constante a 100% da vVO2max para determinar o Tlim; e um teste de salto vertical para determinar a FE. de acordo com a análise de regressão múltipla, a vVO2max utilizada de forma isolada explicou 57% da variação de performance na prova de 1.500m. No entanto, quando o Tlim, a FE e a vVO2max foram analisados em conjunto, a explicação para a performance nessa prova foi de 88%. Nos 5.000m, o Tlim, a vVO2max e o LAn responderam por 88% da variação de performance (p < 0,05). Diferentemente, na prova de 10.000m, o LAn foi a única variável que apresentou capacidade de predição de performance. em conclusão, a predição da performance aeróbia de corredores moderadamente treinados por meio de variáveis fisiológicas e neuromusculares é dependente da distância da prova (1.500m, 5.000m e 10.000m)

Avaliação dos efeitos do treinamento no período preparatório em atletas profissionais de futebol

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar os efeitos do treinamento no período preparatório em atletas profissionais de futebol. Participam 17 atletas, com idade acima de 18 anos que disputaram a terceira divisão do campeonato paulista, em 2009. O programa de treinamento predominante foi o tipo neuromuscular e por meio dos testes de sentar e alcançar, salto sêxtuplo, salto vertical e velocidade de deslocamento em 30m os atletas foram avaliados antes do início do programa de treinamento (M1) e após sete semanas (M2). Os dados coletados foram armazenados em banco computacional, produzindo-se informações no plano descritivo (medidas de centralidade e dispersão) e, no inferencial, Teste t de Student e Anova One-way. Os principais resultados apontam para melhora da flexibilidade, força explosiva e rápida, e sensível diminuição na velocidade de deslocamento em 30 metros.

Relação da potência aeróbica máxima e da força muscular com a economia de corrida em atletas de endurance

The objective of this study was to analyze the relationship of maximal aerobic power and the muscular strength (maximal isotonic strength and vertical jump explosive power) with the running economy (RE) in endurance athletes. Twenty-six male runners (27.9 ± 6.4 years; 62.7 ± 4.3 kg; 168.6 ± 6.1 cm; 6.6 ± 3.1% of body fat) performed in different days the following tests: a) incremental test to determine the maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2max) and the intensity corresponding to the V̇O2max (IV̇O2max); b) constant-velocity treadmill run to determine RE; c) 1-RM test in the leg press and; d) maximal vertical jump test (VJ). V̇O2max (63.8 ± 8.3 ml/kg/min) was significantly correlated (r = 0.63; p < 0.05) with RE (48.0 ± 6.6 ml/kg/min). However, the IV̇O2max (18.7 ± 1.1 km/h), the maximal isotonic strength (230.3 ± 41.2 kg) and the VJ (30.8 ± 3.8 cm) were not significantly correlated with RE. One concludes that the maximal aerobic power can explain in part the inter-individual RE variability in endurance athletes. However, maximal isotonic strength and explosive strength seem not to be associated with RE values observed in this group of athletes.

Efeitos de uma pré temporada em parâmetros anaeróbios e comparação de parâmetros aeróbios e anaeróbios de futebolistas de diferentes categorias

Pós-graduação em Fisioterapia - FCT