Quitosana e óleos essenciais no controle de antracnose e na qualidade pós-colheita de abacates

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Produção Vegetal) - FCAV

Avaliação de microrganismos antagônicos, Saccharomyces cerevisiae e Bacillus subtilis para o controle de Penicillium Digitatum

Citrus fruits are affected by diverse diseases, mainly the fungal infections, which affect productivity and quality, especially when it targets the market of fresh fruit. Among the fungal diseases that occur in postharvest, there is the green mold caused by Penicillium digitatum. The control measures are based mainly in the treatment of fruits with different combinations of fungicides in packing-house. Due to restrictions on the presence of residues of fungicides in citrus fruits and the increasing development of resistant strains of pathogens to the fungicide used, it is necessary to search for control alternatives such as biological control. Therefore, this study aimed to: (i) verify the antagonistic effect of biological control agents (BCA), being 13 isolates of Bacillus subtilis and 06 isolates of Saccharomyces cerevisiae against P. digitatum, (ii) study in vitro interactions between pathogen and BCA (iii) determine the effect of integration of antagonists with sodium bicarbonate and carnauba wax in the control of green mold. The results showed that the majority of the isolates, and all yeast isolates inhibited the mycelial growth of the phytopathogen. Only one isolate of B. subtilis (ACB-84) was able to inhibit the germination of P. digitatum (72% of inhibition), whereas ACB-K1 and ACB-CR1 (S. cerevisiae) were the most effective with inhibition from 78 and 85.7% respectively. The addition of sucrose (0.5%) favored the inhibition of conidia germination by the yeast isolates. The results from the in vivo control showed the viability of S. cerevisiae ACB-K1 and ACB-CR1 to control P. digitatum in 'Tahiti' lime fruits and orange 'Hamlin' fruits, respectively. The combination of sodium bicarbonate and biocontrol agents did not result in improvements in the curative control of the green mold. Carnauba wax (18% of TSS) favored the antagonistic activity of S. cerevisiae, and this effect depended on the variety of fruits in the study and of the yeast isolate used for the biocontrol.

Avaliação qualitativa e quantitativa da resposta tecidual frente aos cimentos: MTA Ângelus cinza e MTA fotopolimerizável experimental: análise microscópica de implantes realizados em subcutâneos de ratos

Pós-graduação em Ciência Odontólogica - FOA

Conservação pós-colheita de mangas produzidas na região de Jaboticabal-SP

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Avaliação da capacidade de mineralização e citotoxicidade do MTA, Sealapex e Sealapex plus

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Tratamento térmico, radiação ultravioleta (UV-C), quitosana e cera na prevenção de injúrias pelo frio em mangas ‘Tommy Atkins’ e ‘Palmer’

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Desenvolvimento de materiais adsorventes de óleos a partir de resíduos do beneficiamento do café e sua aplicação na ração para aves

O objetivo deste trabalho foi modificar quimicamente resíduos do beneficiamento do café (pergaminho), visando a obtenção de um produto mais hidrofóbico, testá-lo quanto ao seu poder adsorvente de óleo e utilizá-lo em formulações de rações para aves. Os resíduos foram analisados quanto a sua composição química-bromatológica e, posteriormente, acetilados com anidrido acético usando diferentes concentrações de N-bromossuccinimida, a temperatura de 120°C por 4 horas. A análise dos resíduos indicou altos teores de fibras. A acetilação possibilitou ganho de massa em todas as amostras estudadas. Nos testes de adsorção de óleo verificou-se aumento significativo na retenção de óleo dos materiais modificados, comprovando a hidrofobização. O material acetilado e com certa quantidade de óleo adsorvida foi chamado de OSoL (óleo sólido) sendo avaliado o seu valor nutricional em rações para aves, substituindo o óleo de soja. Nos ensaios metabólicos adotou-se o método de alimentação forcada, sendo determinados os valores de energia metabolizável verdadeira, energia metabolizável verdadeira corrigida para nitrogênio, coeficiente de digestibilidade da matéria seca, coeficiente de digestibilidade da proteína bruta e coeficiente de metabolizibilidade da energia metabolizável. Os tratamentos mostraram-se semelhantes estatisticamente, sendo, portanto, viável a inclusão do OSoL nas rações animais.

Study of an organically modified clay: Selective adsorption of heavy metal ions and voltammetric determination of mercury(II)

In this work, a hydrophilic clay, Na-montmorillonite from Wyoming, USA, was rendered organophilic by exchanging the inorganic interlayer cations for hexaclecyltrimethylammonium ions (HDTA), with the formulae of [(CH3)(3)N(C16H33)](+) ion. Based on fact that organo-clay has high affinities for non-ionic organic molecules, 1,3,4-thiadiazole-2,5-dithiol was loaded oil the HDTA-montmorillonite surface, resulting in the 1,3,4-thiadiazole-2,5-dithiol-HDTA-montmorillonite complex (TDD-organo-clay).The following properties of TDD-organo-clay are discussed: selective adsorption of heavy metal ions measured by batch and chromatographic column techniques, and utilization as preconcentration agent in a chemically modified carbon paste electrode (CMCPE) for determination of mercury(II).The main point of this paper is the construction of a selective sensor, a carbon paste electrode modified with TDD-organo-clay, its properties and its application to the determination of mercury(II) ions, as this element belongs to the most toxic metals. The chemical selectivity of this functional group and the selectivity of voltammetry were combined for preconcentration and determination. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Determination of olive oil acidity by CE

In this work, a CE method for the determination of olive oil acidity was proposed. The method was based on an ethanolic extraction (at 60 degrees C) of the oil long-chain free fatty acids (LC-FFAs) components followed by CE determination in pH 6.86 phosphate buffer at 15 mmol/L concentration containing 4 mmol/L sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS), 10 mmol/L polyoxyethylene 23 lauryl ether (Brij 35((R))), 2% v/v 1-octanol and 45% v/v ACN under indirect UV detection at 224 nm. Although this electrolyte promoted baseline separation of myristic acid (C14:0) (internal standard (IS)) and olive oil major components (palmitic acid (C16:0), oleic acid (C18:1c) and linoleic acid (C18:2cc)) in less than 8 min, after a few injections, the electropherogram profiles were severely altered (peak broadening, migration time shifts, etc.) and the current increased substantially. An adsorption study was conducted revealing that the dissolution of the capillary external polyimide coating during the electrophoretic run caused the detrimental effect. After removal of the capillary tip coating, ten consecutive injections could be performed without any disturbances and this simple procedure was, therefore, implemented during quantitative purposes. The reliability of the proposed method was further investigated by the determination of acidity of an extra virgin olive oil sample in comparison to the established methodology (AOCS method Ca 5a40, alkaline volumetric titration (AVT)). No statistical differences were found within 95% confidence level. A % acidity of 0.39 +/- 0.02 was found for the olive oil sample under consideration.

Application of low-pressure gas chromatography-ion-trap mass spectrometry to the analysis of the essential oil of Turnera diffusa (Ward.) Urb.

Turnera diffusa Willd. var. afrodisiaca (Ward) Urb. (syn. T. aphrodisiaca) belongs to the family of Turneraceae and is an aromatic plant growing wild in the subtropical regions of America and Africa. It is widely used in the traditional medicine as e.g. anti-cough, diuretic, and aphrodisiac agent. This work presents a 3 min chromatographic analysis using low-pressure (LP) gas chromatography (GC)-ion-trap (IT) mass spectrometry (MS). The combination of a deactivated 0.6 m x 0.10 mm i.d., restrictor with a wide-bore CP-Wax 52 capillary column (10 m x 0.53 mm i.d., 1 mum) reduces the analysis time by a factor of 3-7 in comparison to the use of a conventional narrow bore column. Chromatographic conditions have been optimized to achieve the fastest separation with the highest signal/noise ratio in MS detection. These results allow fast and reliable quality control of the essential oil to be achieved. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Enhancement of voltammetric determination of quinizarine based on the adsorption at surfactant-adsorbed-layer in disposable electrodes

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Utilização de biossurfactante e surfactante químico para dessorção de óleo presente em vermiculita hidrofobizada: estudo comparativo

A number of methods and products have been developed in order to eliminate or reduce the negative effects that hydrocarbons cause to the environment, including hydrophobic expanded vermiculite, used in oil residue filtering systems at gas stations. However, upon adsorbing organic compounds, the vermiculite is no longer used and is sent to landfills. The aim of the present study was to wash granular and powdered vermiculite containing oil lubricant in its pores with distilled water and solutions of 0.1% SDS surfactant and rhamnolipids, with the aim of removing the lubricant and the possibility of reusing the mineral. The greatest amount of lubricant removal was obtained through washing with 0.1% SDS and both granulometric forms. This may be associated to the industrial purification received by the surfactant. However, the biosurfactant is ecologically more viable due to its low toxicity and ease of degradability. In the readsorption tests, greatest adsorption was obtained with the granular vermiculite washed in SDS solution. In order to enable the reuse of the mineral, further tests are needed to enhance desorption/adsorption efficiency.