Comparação das intensidades correspondentes ao lactato mínimo, limiar de lactato e limiar anaeróbio durante o ciclismo em atletas de endurance

O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a intensidade de exercício no lactato mínimo (LACmin), com a intensidade correspondente ao limiar de lactato (LL) e limiar anaeróbio (LAn). Participaram do estudo, 11 atletas do sexo masculino (idade, 22,5 + 3,17 anos; altura, 172,3 + 8,2 cm; peso, 66,9 + 8,2kg; e gordura corporal, 9,8 + 3,4%). Os indivíduos foram submetidos, em uma bicicleta eletromagnética (Quinton - Corival 400), a dois testes: 1) exercício contínuo de cargas crescentes - carga inicial de 100W, com incrementos de 25W a cada três min. até a exaustão voluntária; e 2) teste de lactato mínimo - inicialmente os indivíduos pedalaram duas vezes 425W (+ 120%max) durante 30 segundos, com um min. de intervalo, com o objetivo de induzir o acúmulo de lactato. Após oito min. de recuperação passiva, os indivíduos iniciaram um teste contínuo de cargas progressivas, idêntico ao descrito anteriormente. O LL e o LAn foram identificados como sendo o menor valor entre a razão - lactato sanguíneo (mM) / intensidade de exercício (W), e a intensidade correspondente a 3,5mM de lactato sanguíneo, respectivamente. O LACmin foi identificado como sendo a intensidade correspondente a menor concentração de lactato durante o teste de cargas progressivas. Não foi observada diferença significante entre a potência do LL (197,7 + 20,7W) e do LACmin (201,6 + 13,0W), sendo ambas significantemente menores do que do LAn (256,7 + 33,3W). Não foram encontradas também diferenças significantes para o (ml.kg-1.min-1) e a FC (bpm) obtidos no LL (43,2 + 5,01; 152,0 + 13,0) e no LACmin (42,1 + 3,9; 159,0 + 10,0), sendo entretanto significantemente menores do que os obtidos para o LAn (52,2 + 8,2; 174,0 + 13,0, respectivamente). Pode-se concluir que o teste de LACmin, nas condições experimentais deste estudo, pode subestimar a intensidade de MSSLAC (estimada indiretamente pelo LAn), o que concordacom outros estudos que determinaram a MSSLAC diretamente. Assim, são necessários mais estudos que analisem o possível componente tempo-dependente (intensidade inicial) que pode existir no protocolo do LACmin.

Coupled Bose-Einstein condensate: Collapse for attractive interaction

The collapse of trapped Boson-Einstein condensate (BEC) of atoms in states 1 and 2 was studied. When the interaction among the atoms in state i was attractive the component i of the condensate experienced collapse. When the interaction between an atom in state 1 and state 2 was attractive both components experienced collapse. The time-dependant Gross-Pitaevski (GP) equation was used to study the time evolution of the collapse. There was an alternate growth and decay in the number of particles experiencing collapse.

Antenatal corticosteroid use and clinical evolution of preterm newborn infants

Objectives: To describe the use of antenatal corticosteroid and clinical evolution of preterm babies. Methods: An observational prospective cohort study was carried out. All 463 pregnant women and their 514 newborn babies with gestational age ranging from 23 to 34 weeks, born at the Brazilian Neonatal Research Network units, were evaluated from August 1 to December 31, 2001. The data were obtained through maternal interview, analysis of medical records, and follow-up of the newborn infants. Data analysis was performed with the use of chi-square, t Student, Mann-Whitney, and ANOVA tests and multiple logistic regression, with level of significance set at 5%. Results: Treatment was directly associated with the number of prenatal visits, with maternal hypertension and with the antenatal use of tocolytic agents. Babies from treated pregnant women presented better Apgar scores at the 1st and 5th minute, reduced need for intervention in the delivery room and lower SNAPPE II. They were born with higher birth weight, longer gestational age and needed less surfactant use, ventilation, and oxygenation time. After multiple logistic regression, the use of antenatal corticosteroid independently improved birth conditions, decreased ventilation time, being related to increased occurrence of neonatal sepsis. Conclusions: The use of corticosteroid was associated with better prenatal care and birth conditions, better preterm evolution but higher risk of infection. Copyright © 2004 by Sociedade Brasileira de Pediatria.

Uso antenatal de corticosteóide e evolução clínica de recém-nascidos pré-termo

Objectives: To describe the use of antenatal corticosteroid and clinical evolution of preterm babies. Methods: An observational prospective cohort study was carried out. All 463 pregnant women and their 514 newborn babies with gestational age ranging from 23 to 34 weeks, born at the Brazilian Neonatal Research Network units, were evaluated from August 1 to December 31, 2001. The data were obtained through maternal interview, analysis of medical records, and follow-up of the newborn infants. Data analysis was performed with the use of chi-square, t Student, Mann-Whitney, and ANOVA tests and multiple logistic regression, with level of significance set at 5%. Results: Treatment was directly associated with the number of prenatal visits, with maternal hypertension and with the antenatal use of tocolytic agents. Babies from treated pregnant women presented better Apgar scores at the 1st and 5th minute, reduced need for intervention in the delivery room and lower SNAPPE II. They were born with higher birth weight, longer gestational age and needed less surfactant use, ventilation, and oxygenation time. After multiple logistic regression, the use of antenatal corticosteroid independently improved birth conditions, decreased ventilation time, being related to increased occurrence of neonatal sepsis. Conclusions: The use of corticosteroid was associated with better prenatal care and birth conditions, better preterm evolution but higher risk of infection. © 2007 Sociedad Chilena de Pediatría.

Evaluation of a new intraoral paralleling device for creating guiding planes: A pilot study

Aim: The aim of the study was to assess the accuracy of a new intraoral paralleling device for creating proximal guiding planes for removable partial dental prostheses. Methods and Materials: Thirty gypsum casts were divided into two groups in which the proximal surfaces of selected teeth were prepared using either a surveying device (Group 1) or the new ParalAB paralleling device (Group 2). In each cast guiding planes were prepared on the distal surface of the maxillary left canine (A), on the mesial and distal surfaces of the maxillary left second molar (B and C), and on the distal surface of the maxillary right canine (D). Each prepared surface formed an angle related to the occlusal plane that was measured five times and averaged by one operator using a tridimensional coordinate machine. Results: The mean guiding plane angles (± standard deviation) for the prepared surfaces were A=91.82° (±0.48°, B=90.47° (±0.47°, C=90.21° (±0.76°, and D=90.50° (±0.73°) for the dental surveyor (Group 1) and A=92.18° (±0.87°), B=90.90° (±0.85°), C=90.07° (±0.92°), and D=90.66° (±0.76°) for the ParalAB paralleling device (Group 2). A two-way ANOVA, Tukey's, and Levène's tests (at p<0.05) revealed statistically significant differences among surfaces prepared by both groups and that one surface Conclusions: The ParalAB device was able to prepare parallel surfaces and despite significant difference between groups, the ParalAB presented a small deviation from absolute parallelism and can be considered a valid method to transfer guide plans in the fabrication of removable partial dentures. Clinical Significance: The preparation of suitable guiding planes on abutment teeth during the fabrication of removable partial dentures is dependent on the ability of the operator and requires considerable chair time. When multiple teeth are involved, achieving parallelism between abutment surfaces can be technically challenging, especially in posterior regions of the mouth. The ParalAB prototype intraoral paralleling device can aid the clinician during the preparation of accurate guiding planes with a minimum degree of occlusal divergence. © 2010 Seer Publishing LLC.

Interferometria óptica aplicada à medição de amplitudes de vibração nanométricas em piezoatuadores flextensionais

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Polyset: modelo linguístico-computacional para a estruturação de redes de polissemia de nominais

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Left ventricular sphericity index predicts systolic dysfunction in rats with experimental aortic regurgitation

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Controle de fotoassociação caótica com campos externos

The objective of the present work was to study the control of the dynamics of diatomic heteronuclear molecules interacting with electric fields created by lasers. Specifically in this work, the molecular photoassociation phenomenon will be analyzed. At this phenomenon, the atom's relative movement is described by a particle that moves in a morse potential well under the influence of an external time dependant force related to the external field. Based on the optimum control theory (OCT), it is presented at the present work laser pulses that alternate a given initial molecular state to a desirable end state, wich in this work was represented by the minimization of a cost functional that indicates how close. To do so, a computational sistem know as Genetic Algorithm (GA) was developed that can be characterizes as an extremelly eficient technique capable of scanning the solutions space and find results close to the optimum solutions

Gênero, masculinidades e alcoolismo na modernidade: a Revista Illustração Brasileira, as comemorações do Centenário da Independência e a as elites urbanas cariocas no início do Século XX

Pós-graduação em Ciências Sociais - FFC

The STATFLUX code: a statistical method for calculation of flow and set of parameters, based on the Multiple-Compartment Biokinetical Model

The code STATFLUX, implementing a new and simple statistical procedure for the calculation of transfer coefficients in radionuclide transport to animals and plants, is proposed. The method is based on the general multiple-compartment model, which uses a system of linear equations involving geometrical volume considerations. Flow parameters were estimated by employing two different least-squares procedures: Derivative and Gauss-Marquardt methods, with the available experimental data of radionuclide concentrations as the input functions of time. The solution of the inverse problem, which relates a given set of flow parameter with the time evolution of concentration functions, is achieved via a Monte Carlo Simulation procedure.Program summaryTitle of program: STATFLUXCatalogue identifier: ADYS_v1_0Program summary URL: http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/summaries/ADYS_v1_0Program obtainable from: CPC Program Library, Queen's University of Belfast, N. IrelandLicensing provisions: noneComputer for which the program is designed and others on which it has been tested: Micro-computer with Intel Pentium III, 3.0 GHzInstallation: Laboratory of Linear Accelerator, Department of Experimental Physics, University of São Paulo, BrazilOperating system: Windows 2000 and Windows XPProgramming language used: Fortran-77 as implemented in Microsoft Fortran 4.0. NOTE: Microsoft Fortran includes non-standard features which are used in this program. Standard Fortran compilers such as, g77, f77, ifort and NAG95, are not able to compile the code and therefore it has not been possible for the CPC Program Library to test the program.Memory, required to execute with typical data: 8 Mbytes of RAM memory and 100 MB of Hard disk memoryNo. of bits in a word: 16No. of lines in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 6912No. of bytes in distributed Program, including test data, etc.: 229 541Distribution format: tar.gzNature of the physical problem: the investigation of transport mechanisms for radioactive substances, through environmental pathways, is very important for radiological protection of populations. One such pathway, associated with the food chain, is the grass-animal-man sequence. The distribution of trace elements in humans and laboratory animals has been intensively studied over the past 60 years [R.C. Pendlenton, C.W. Mays, R.D. Lloyd, A.L. Brooks, Differential accumulation of iodine-131 from local fallout in people and milk, Health Phys. 9 (1963) 1253-1262]. In addition, investigations on the incidence of cancer in humans, and a possible causal relationship to radioactive fallout, have been undertaken [E.S. Weiss, M.L. Rallison, W.T. London, W.T. Carlyle Thompson, Thyroid nodularity in southwestern Utah school children exposed to fallout radiation, Amer. J. Public Health 61 (1971) 241-249; M.L. Rallison, B.M. Dobyns, F.R. Keating, J.E. Rall, F.H. Tyler, Thyroid diseases in children, Amer. J. Med. 56 (1974) 457-463; J.L. Lyon, M.R. Klauber, J.W. Gardner, K.S. Udall, Childhood leukemia associated with fallout from nuclear testing, N. Engl. J. Med. 300 (1979) 397-402]. From the pathways of entry of radionuclides in the human (or animal) body, ingestion is the most important because it is closely related to life-long alimentary (or dietary) habits. Those radionuclides which are able to enter the living cells by either metabolic or other processes give rise to localized doses which can be very high. The evaluation of these internally localized doses is of paramount importance for the assessment of radiobiological risks and radiological protection. The time behavior of trace concentration in organs is the principal input for prediction of internal doses after acute or chronic exposure. The General Multiple-Compartment Model (GMCM) is the powerful and more accepted method for biokinetical studies, which allows the calculation of concentration of trace elements in organs as a function of time, when the flow parameters of the model are known. However, few biokinetics data exist in the literature, and the determination of flow and transfer parameters by statistical fitting for each system is an open problem.Restriction on the complexity of the problem: This version of the code works with the constant volume approximation, which is valid for many situations where the biological half-live of a trace is lower than the volume rise time. Another restriction is related to the central flux model. The model considered in the code assumes that exist one central compartment (e.g., blood), that connect the flow with all compartments, and the flow between other compartments is not included.Typical running time: Depends on the choice for calculations. Using the Derivative Method the time is very short (a few minutes) for any number of compartments considered. When the Gauss-Marquardt iterative method is used the calculation time can be approximately 5-6 hours when similar to 15 compartments are considered. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Automatic code generation for microcontrollers from place-transition Petri net models

This paper describes a program for the automatic generation of code for Intel's 8051 microcontroller. The code is generated from a place-transition Petri net specification. Our goal is to minimize programming time. The code generated by our program has been observed to exactly match the net model. It has also been observed that no change is needed to be made to the generated code for its compilation to the target architecture. © 2011 IFAC.

Computational tool to support design of DAC Converter model AD7528 with the object code in XML

Based on literature review, electronic systems design employ largely top-down methodology. The top-down methodology is vital for success in the synthesis and implementation of electronic systems. In this context, this paper presents a new computational tool, named BD2XML, to support electronic systems design. From a block diagram system of mixed-signal is generated object code in XML markup language. XML language is interesting because it has great flexibility and readability. The BD2XML was developed with object-oriented paradigm. It was used the AD7528 converter modeled in MATLAB / Simulink as a case study. The MATLAB / Simulink was chosen as a target due to its wide dissemination in academia and industry. From this case study it is possible to demonstrate the functionality of the BD2XML and make it a reflection on the design challenges. Therefore, an automatic tool for electronic systems design reduces the time and costs of the design.

The contribution of multiple use forest management to small farmers' annual incomes in the Eastern Amazon

Small-scale farmers in the Brazilian Amazon collectively hold tenure over more than 12 million ha of permanent forest reserves, as required by the Forest Code. The trade-off between forest conservation and other land uses entails opportunity costs for them and for the country, which have not been sufficiently studied. We assessed the potential income generated by multiple use forest management for farmers and compared it to the income potentially derived from six other agricultural land uses. Income from the forest was from (i) logging, carried out by a logging company in partnership with farmers' associations; and (ii) harvesting the seeds of Carapa guianensis (local name andiroba) for the production of oil. We then compared the income generated by multiple-use forest management with the income from different types of agrarian systems. According to our calculations in this study, the mean annual economic benefits from multiple forest use are the same as the least productive agrarian system, but only 25% of the annual income generated by the most productive system. Although the income generated by logging may be considered low when calculated on an annual basis and compared to incomes generated by agriculture, the one-time payment after logging is significant (US$5,800 to US$33,508) and could be used to implement more intensive and productive cropping systems such as planting black pepper. The income from forest management could also be used to establish permanent fields in deforested areas for highly productive annual crops using conservation agriculture techniques. These techniques are alternatives to the traditional land use based on periodic clearing of the forest. Nevertheless, the shift in current practices towards adoption of more sustainable conservation agriculture techniques will also require the technical and legal support of the State to help small farmers apply these alternatives, which aim to integrate forest management in sustainable agricultural production systems.