303 resultados para Tempo de setup

em Repositório Institucional UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista "Julio de Mesquita Filho"


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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Continuous improvement of industrial processes is one way to become companies more competitive in the market. For this, a fairly widespread use is the methodology of lean production systems, by eliminating waste. One of the tools of these systems is the method of rapid exchange of die or also called SMED, which will be applied in this study. The study aims to develop proposals for reducing the time of set up of two machines in two machining lines, watching also the ergonomics and safety conditions in this operations. The set up time reduction is justified among others, due to increase the machine productivity. In applying the connecting rod machining line, there were two types of exchange. Reductions in time to set up proposals reached values of 47% to one of them, and 55% to the other. It is important to underline that to reach this result, there was no need for large investments. In the application in block machining line, was developed an improvement in the ergonomic area. It was placed a pulley block that came to increase the time of tool change. Aiming to improve the security of the exchange, without productivity loss, the method was applied to reduce this time. It was developed two proposals.: the first would reduce that time by 19%, and does not require many resources of the company. The second involves the parallelization of the exchange, so that the reduction is 48%. However, this proposal requires one more manpower at the time of exchange and it is not always possible

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Currently the market requires companies to adapt for they can have the lowest possible cost in their manufacturing, be it a good or service, thus obtaining a greater profit. For this profit the Toyota Production System applies lean manufacturing practices actions with reduced spending, smaller lots and stocks, generated by market demand. The technique allows SMED with few actions, changes and investments that time does not exceed one digit on your total time. This case study shows that only with standardization and use of inexpensive improvements, could reduce setup time on a machine for 70 minutes to time of approximately 48 minutes with little investment, demonstrating the viability of the tool presented

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The current competitive market requires companies to adapt so that they can meet the needs of customers in an agile manner and aimed at the lowest possible cost in their manufacture, be it a product or service. The Toyota Production System is aimed at higher profits through lean manufacturing practices with reduced spending, smaller lots and inventories, generated by market demand. The variety of products makes the setup of the equipment a critical point and it should be reduced as much as possible so it does not affect productivity. The rapid exchange of tools allows with few actions and a modification that time does not exceed one digit on your total time. In this study, a case study showed that only with standardization and use of cheap improvements made it possible to reduce setup time in bottle labeling machine by 98 minutes for a final time of approximately 10 minutes with little investment, demonstrating the feasibility the displayed and a monthly gain tool in bottles at approximately 120,000, generating a performance gain and budget of approximately R$ 94,000.00 per month

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Many variables are indirectly involved in the transformation of raw material into a metallurgical industry, such as machine hours, hours of hand labor directly and / or indirect, setup time, etc. This research focuses on the complexity of formulating the cost of metallurgical products, based on a case study, in which one has incurred a large loss on the sale of a product called Punch. The main objective of this work is to define the variables of the cost of members and other metallurgical products, so simplified general, checking what were the failures costing the case studied, in order to help others. The method of formulating cost was determined as recommended by SEBRAE guidance for small businesses. The results showed a loss R$ 13.201,00 in the batch of 15 units of punch. Possible improvements have been identified for reducing the production cost

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The cosmetic industry has presenting growth in Brazil and one way to support this demand is improving production and reducing waste. Wastes can be related to setup time, which is spent to support demand of product´s mix and volume. One of the methodologies used to reduce setup time is SMED (Single Minute Exchange of Die). This paper aims to describe and analyze the setup process in a production line in a cosmetic industrial branch, before and after the application of SMED methodology, highlighting good practices and difficulties in order to help other companies develop fast setup. The research method used was the case study. From the analysis of the implementation of the methodology on the company which is object from the case study was possible to summarize good practices, such as: the use of pillar E&T to store information about the training on the SMED methodology; creation of a multifunctional teamwork and involving different areas; creation of a “From-To” matrix. Difficulties were identified, such as: high and constant turnover of people who work on the shop floor; lack of discipline in filling the forms and by doing the setup activities that were standardized; lack of financial resources; lack of people´s availability in orer to conduct necessary meetings and trainings. Recommendations for other companies have also been proposed, such as: training of the team involved, before starting the project and a refresher training; standardization of training, forms and documentation of all steps of the project; create a multifunctional team; training after an employee, who is responsible for the setup, leaves the company

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Currently productivity is a concern in large firms and in heavy machining industries could not be otherwise . The issue of time in the process becomes a relevant and worthy of analysis point , especially that the setup time becomes a critical issue to be addressed . Due to the size of the equipment studied ( heavy machining ) and especially with regard to the characteristics of the machine tool and the parts to be machined , generally robust and large parts , the preparation of such parts shall be made accurately to the machining has a good result as planned . With the setup acting as a limiter of productivity growth in this sector , actions constantly in search of reducing downtimes and optimization are taken . This study aimed to conduct a study that confirms increased productivity by reducing the machining time , especially setup time and also with the implementation of organizational tools. Actions taken in heavy machining industry Arm L- 580 Liebherr company in Brazil specifically in CNC Boring PAMA Speedram 3000 were analyzed . Through a qualitative study using the method of case study , it was examined before and after the sector and reducing setup times . Evidencing the shares through figures and collection times . The end result of this analysis was to verify that through simple actions productivity and organization in the area were directly affected in a positive way , and supporting organizational change throughout training were taught to be incorporated into the company culture

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The biomagnetic techniques use different magnetic field detectors to measure parameters of the human physiology. Those techniques present the advantage of being noninvasive and radiation free. Among them we can show up the Superconducting Quantum Interference Device (SQUID), the Current Alternate Biosusceptometry (ACB) and, more recently, the employment of anisotropic magnetoresistive sensors. Those magnetic sensors have a low cost and good sensitivity to measure different physiological parameters using magnetic markers. The biomagnetic techniques have being used successfully through study on the characteristics of the gastrointestinal tract. Recent research, the magnetoresistors were used to evaluate the transit time and localization of magnetic sources in different parts of the gastrointestinal tract. The objective of this work is the characterization, with in vitro tests, of a biomagnetic instrumentation using two 3-axis magnetoresistors arranged in a gradiometric coplanar setup to evaluate esophageal transit time, analyze and compare the results of experimental signals and the magnetic theory, as well as evaluate the instrumentation gain with use of tri-axial sensor front to the mono-axial sensor. The instrumentation is composed by two three-axis sensing magnetometers, precision power supply and amplifier electronic circuits. The sensors fixed in a coplanar setup were separate by distance of 18 cm. The sensitivity tests had been carried through using a cylindrical magnet (ø = 4 mm and h = 4 mm) of neodymium-iron-boron (grid 35). The tests were done moving the permanent magnet on the sensors parallel axis, simulating the food transit in... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

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The garimpo gold mining activity has released about 2.500 tons of mercury in the Brazilian Amazonian environment in the 1980-1995 period. The northern region of Mato Grosso State, an important gold mining and trading area during the Arnazonian gold rush is now at a turning point regarding its economic future. Nowadays, the activities related to gold mining have only a low relevance on its economy. Thus, the local communities are looking for economic alternatives for the development of the region. Cooperative fish farming is one of such alternatives. However, some projects are directly implemented on areas degraded by the former garimpo activity and the mercury left behind still poses risks, especially by its potential accumulation in fish. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the levels of mercury contamination in two fish farming areas, Paranaita and Alta Floresta, with and without records of past gold-washing activity, respectively. Data such as mercury concentration in fish of different trophic level, size, and weight as well as the water physical and chemical parameters were measured and considered. These preliminary data have shown no significant difference between these two fish fanning areas, relatively to mercury levels in fish. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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Na aquicultura são utilizados análises da ativação e incremento da migração de macrófagos, com intuito de verificar a capacidade imunológica inespecífica dos peixes frente a um desafio. Neste sentido, o objetivo deste estudo foi determinar o tempo de migração de monócitos/macrófagos para a cavidade peritoneal em matrinxã, Brycon amazonicus, por meio da técnica de inoculação de leveduras Saccharomyces cerevisiae, e verificar as possíveis alterações dos parâmetros hematológicos após o estímulo. Foram utilizados 30 matrinxãs com peso médio de 101,55 ± 24,50 g e comprimento médio de 19,75 ± 1,72 cm. Os tempos de inoculação utilizados foram 2, 4, 8 e 12 horas, sendo utilizados 6 animais por tempo. Após os períodos de incubação (2, 4, 8 e 12 horas), os exemplares foram anestesiados e alíquotas de sangue foram coletadas por punção do vaso caudal, para a análise: número total de células, contagem diferencial e total dos leucócitos e contagem total de trombócitos, hematócrito, taxa de hemoglobina e índices hematimétricos (VCM, HCM e CHCM). Os resultados mostram que a capacidade fagocítica do macrófago não apresentou diferenças significativas entre os tempos experimentais. Com relação ao índice fagocítico, o tempo de 2 horas representa o tempo em que os macrófagos fagocitaram maior número de leveduras com diferenças significativas em relação aos outros tempos experimentais, indicando que este tempo (2 horas) de incubação foi suficiente para a migração e ativação máxima dos macrófagos da cavidade peritoneal, da espécie estudada. Os valores do número de eritrócitos apresentaram diferenças entre os tempos de incubação. Entretanto, os valores dos outros parâmetros hematológicos não apresentaram diferenças significativas.

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O consumo culinário de raízes de mandioca é bastante generalizado em todo o mundo, sendo essa raiz amplamente utilizada na forma cozida, assada, frita ou integrando pratos mais complexos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi definir metodologia, avaliar o tempo de cozimento e algumas características associadas a este processo em 26 cultivares de mandiocas. Avaliaram-se os seguintes parâmetros avaliados foram cor da entrecasca; cor da polpa; dificuldade de soltar a entrecasca; dificuldade de palitar; porcentagem de água absorvida/perdida em relação ao peso dos toletes durante o processo de cozimento; cor dos toletes cozidos; formações de pontuações brancas no interior do tolete; formação de gel em volta dos toletes e tempo de cozimento observado para cozimento de 13 palitos. Ao final da avaliação concluiu-se que as melhores cultivares para utilização como mandioca de mesa foram a SRT-1105 (Mico), Milagrosa RG, Mantiqueira, IAC 522-30, IAC 576-70, sendo a última a que apresentou melhor resultado no teste de cozimento.

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O artigo apresenta a concepção bergsoniana de duração. Pretende-se mostrar que, segundo Bergson, o tempo dos filósofos e cientistas é um tempo fictício, um esquema espacial que oculta a natureza do tempo real, o qual não pode ser separado dos acontecimentos físicos e psicológicos. Para Bergson, o tempo real é sucessão, continuidade, mudança, memória e criação.

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Discute-se sobre o tempo buscando entendê-lo a partir dos referenciais que o tomam como elaboração subjetiva, ou seja, como não possuindo qualquer realidade fora do sujeito. Entende-se que, na história da Filosofia, esta reflexão inicia-se com a filosofia de Sto. Agostinho e tem seu ápice no pensamento moderno, sobretudo em Hume e Kant. O tempo seria uma construção ou elaboração do espírito, sem existência fora dele (Sto. Agostinho) ou uma apreensão empírica regular de relações causais de antes e depois (Hume) ou uma intuição pura do espírito (Kant). Pretende-se, com esta análise, evidenciar uma forma clássica de conceber o tempo como elaboração realizada pelo sujeito (subjetiva).

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A análise foliar de nitrogênio, comumente empregada em laboratórios de rotina, é destrutiva e nem sempre rápida, obstante para a tomada de decisão. Objetivou-se com a pesquisa estudar as medidas SPAD, em mudas de goiabeira (Psidium guajava L.) cultivada em solução nutritiva completa, observando-se as diferenças entre cultivares, épocas de amostragem e tipos de folhas avaliadas. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições, em parcelas sub-subdivididas. Assim, foi utilizada como parcela as duas cultivares de goiabeira (Paluma e Século XXI), como subparcelas os tipos de folhas (+1, +2 e +3) e, cinco épocas de amostragem ao longo do período experimental (60, 75, 90, 105 e 120 dias, após o transplantio de mudas) Concluiu-se que a leitura SPAD em mudas de goiabeira é influenciada pela cultivar, tipo de folha e época de amostragem. O terceiro par de folhas mostrou-se mais adequado para avaliar o estado nutricional do nitrogênio nas mudas de goiabeira a partir da leitura SPAD. As cultivares de goiabeira apresentaram diferença na leitura SPAD apenas aos 60 e 90 dias após o transplantio, independentemente do tipo de folha.

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Nesta pesquisa foram utilizadas vinte fêmeas bovinas, sem patologias aparentes nas glândulas mamárias, em lactação, objetivando avaliar estruturas anatômicas das papilas mamárias. Quatro técnicas ultra-sonográficas foram avaliadas. Utilizou-se transdutor linear de 7,5 MHz para uso endoretal, na obtenção das imagens, padronizando-se o lado direito do animal para visualização das papilas craniais e caudais, em dois planos anatômicos (sagital e transversal). Os animais foram divididos em quatro grupos (G1, G2, G3, G4) que representaram as diferentes técnicas empregadas em momentos distintos (antes e após ordenha). Os resultados indicaram que entre as técnicas estudadas, as de exame direto e com uso de almofadada de silicone, foram as que apresentaram maior aplicabilidade, quando considerada a sua facilidade de uso na rotina com complementação do exame clinico. Entretanto, pólipos e cálculos lácteos tem sua extensão e localização convenientemente visibilizados mediante uso da técnica de pressão de liquido. Já a técnica de imersão em água, mostrou-se mais eficiente quanto à qualidade das imagens obtidas e na caracterização das estruturas anatômicas. O experimento realizado, traz subsídios anatomo-topográfico que irão contribuir com a qualidade do diagnóstico em pacientes que possam ter indicação cirúrgica (telotomia) e levanta questões que poderão ser respondidas conforme a casuística e a experiência consolidada do cirurgião.