Ruminal acidosis challenge impact on ruminal temperature in feedlot cattle

The objective of this experiment was to determine if ruminal temperature rise coincides with pH reduction using an acidosis challenge model. Twelve ruminally cannulated steers (518 ± 28 kg BW) were administered ruminal temperature-monitoring devices that recorded temperature every 2 min. Steers were fed a 63% concentrate diet at 1.6% BW for 20 d before being randomly assigned to 1 of 3 acidosis challenge treatments: no dietary change (CON), onehalf of daily DMI replaced with cracked corn (HALF), or all of daily DMI replaced with cracked corn (CORN). The challenge was initiated by ruminally dosing steers with their treatment diets. Ruminal pH and rectal temperatures (Trec) were recorded every 3 h for 72 h. All steers were offered CON diets at 24 and 48 h after challenge. Ruminal pH showed a treatment × day effect (P = 0.01). Ruminal pH of CORN steers was lower (P = 0.03) than that of HALF steers on d 1, was lower (P ≤ 0.004) than that of HALF and CON steers on d 2, and tended to be lower (P ≤ 0.10) than that of HALF and CON steers on d 3. Treatment did not affect (P ≥ 0.42) RecT. Ruminal temperature (Trum) showed a treatment · d-1 × h-1 after feeding interaction (P < 0.01). At 3 h after challenge, Trum of CORN and HALF steers was higher (P ≤ 0.01) than that of CON steers. On d 2, Trum of CORN steers was higher (P ≤ 0.03) than that of CON between 6 and 12 h after feeding. From 15 to 21 h after feeding on d 2, Trum of HALF steers was higher (P < 0.01) than that of CORN and CON steers. On d 3, at the time of feeding until 3 h later, Trum of CORN steers was lower (P ≤ 0.04) than that of all other steers. Rectal temperature was correlated (P ≤ 0.01) with Trum on all days for CON and CORN steers. Ruminal pH was negatively correlated (P ≤ 0.04) with Trec on d 2 and Trum on d 1 in CORN steers, and Trum was negatively correlated (P ≤ 0.02) with ruminal pH in HALF and CON steers on d 1 and 3, respectively. The amount of time above Trum of 39.0°C or 39.45°C was correlated (P ≤ 0.05) with the time spent below a ruminal pH of 5.5 in CORN steers; however, time above Trum of 39.0°C did not differ (P = 0.87) among treatments. Results indicate that there is a negative relationship between Trum and ruminal pH during an acidotic episode; therefore, Trum monitoring can detect a potential acidotic episode. © 2012 American Society of Animal Science. All rights reserved.

Avaliação da degradação de macrófitas aquáticas descartadas em ambiente protegido

Com o intuito de buscar informações sobre a degradação de macrófitas aquáticas descartadas em pilhas, após ações do controle mecânico, foi conduzido um experimento no Departamento de Recursos Naturais - Ciências Ambientais, UNESP, campus de Botucatu-SP. Para atender o objetivo proposto, foram montadas pilhas com volume de 2,25 m³, compostas, principalmente, por três espécies de macrófitas, retiradas do reservatório da UHE Americana/SP. Foram coletadas amostras na montagem das pilhas, aos 15, 30, 60 e 90 dias, para o acompanhamento da temperatura da pilha e do pH do material orgânico durante o processo, além de uma análise química do composto ao final dos 90 dias. Os tratamentos foram: T1 - somente plantas aquáticas e revolvimento da pilha a cada sete dias; T2 - somente plantas aquáticas e revolvimento a cada quatro dias; T3 - plantas aquáticas + permagel, com revolvimento a cada sete dias; e T4 - plantas aquáticas + permagel e revolvimento a cada quatro dias. Utilizou-se o delineamento estatístico inteiramente casualizado, sendo a análise estatística realizada para coleta aos 90 dias, empregando o programa SISVAR. Concluiu-se que os resultados de macro e micronutrientes, temperatura, umidade, pH, relação C/N e redução do volume das pilhas foram semelhantes aos observados quando se procedeu ao descarte em pilhas com volume de 4,5 m³ sobre o solo.

Compostagem de resíduos da indústria de desfibrilação de algodão

O processo de compostagem foi avaliado por meio do monitoramento diário da temperatura em leiras confeccionadas com o resíduo da indústria de desfibrilação de algodão e tipos de inóculo. Foram avaliadas seis leiras, divididas em dois sistemas: com aeração e sem aeração, sendo estudados, em cada sistema, três tipos de inóculo: esterco bovino diluído em água; esterco bovino, e conteúdo ruminal. Avaliou-se, também, a porcentagem de redução de volume nas leiras quando se intensificaram os revolvimentos, visando a obter informações para fins de dimensionamento do pátio de compostagem. Os compostos produzidos foram transferidos para minhocário e amostras do produto após a compostagem e após a vermicompostagem foram analisadas quimicamente com o objetivo de avaliar os teores de nutrientes. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que o conteúdo ruminal utilizado como inóculo tende a apresentar valores mais altos de temperatura na fase inicial (fase ativa) e menores na fase final (maturação), embora, independentemente do tipo de inóculo utilizado, a estabilização praticamente tenha ocorrido no mesmo período; o sistema com aeração possibilitou, em todos os tratamentos, estabilização mais rápida do material, quando comparado ao sistema sem aeração; a intensificação dos revolvimentos possibilitou diminuição do tempo de retenção com redução de 46% no volume final, e a composição química dos vermicompostos apresentou-se enriquecida quando comparada aos compostos produzidos.

Compostagem de resíduos sólidos de frigorífico

Composting has been a viable and efficient alternative treatment to agroindustrial waste. This experiment was installed with the objective of analyzing the process of composting for slaughterhouse waste. Twelve piles of composting were prepared, using slaughterhouse waste, wheat straw and wood sawdust. The process was evaluated by daily temperature monitoring, observations of the occurrence of undesirable parameters (bad smell and/or ammoniacal smell, grease formation and presence of grubs and flies), as well as the capacity of recycling nutrients. The undesirable parameters were observed, on average, for the first five days after pile building; the temperatures increased, reaching 70 °C; chemical composition of compost showed relevant contents of macro and micronutrients, a high recycling potential. Utilization of impermeable floor and roof are recommended during the composting. The turning frequency used (15 days after pile building followed by turning) was adequate. The best relation of weight was 7.2 kg of waste for each kg of straw and 16.6 kg of waste for each kg of sawdust.

Anestesia para colecistectomía videolaparoscópica en paciente portador de enfermedad de Steinert. Relato de caso y revisiõn de la literatura

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Myotonic dystrophies are autosomal dominant neuromuscular diseases. Among them, myotonic dystrophy type 1 (MD1), or Steinert disease, is the most common in adults, and besides muscular involvement it also has important systemic manifestations. Myotonic dystrophy type 1 poses a challenge to the anesthesiologist. Those patients are more sensitive to anesthetics and prone to cardiac and pulmonary complications. Besides, the possibility of developing malignant hyperthermia and myotonic episodes is also present. CASE REPORT: This is a 39-year old patient with DM1 who underwent general anesthesia for videolaparoscopic cholecystectomy. Total intravenous anesthesia with propofol, remifentanil, and rocuronium was the technique chosen. Intercurrences were not observed in the 90-minute surgical procedure, but after extubation, the patient developed respiratory failure and myotonia, which made tracheal intubation impossible. A laryngeal mask was used, allowing adequate oxygenation, and mechanical ventilation was maintained until full recovery of the respiratory function. The patient did not develop further complications. CONCLUSIONS: Myotonic dystrophy type 1 presents several particularities to the anesthesiologist. Detailed knowledge of its systemic involvement along with the differentiated action of anesthetic drugs in those patients will provide safer anesthetic-surgical procedure.

MATIUDE - monitoramento e acesso a transdutores inteligentes (Padrão IEEE 1451) utilizando dispositivos embarcados (celulares e PDA´s)

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Monitoramento de dados via internet baseado em telefonia celular

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Efeito de métodos de preservação dos grãos úmidos de milho e de sorgo sobre a estrutura do endosperma, dos grânulos de amido e desempenho de leitões

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Desenvolvimento de um sistema de telemetria para monitoramento térmico em casas de vegetação

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Image-Guided Cryoablation of the Spine in a Swine Model: Clinical, Radiological, and Pathological Findings with Light and Electron Microscopy

This study was designed to present the feasibility of an in vivo image-guided percutaneous cryoablation of the porcine vertebral body. Methods The institutional animal care committee approved this study. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT)-guided vertebral cryoablations (n = 22) were performed in eight pigs with short, 2-min, single or double-freezing protocols. Protective measures to nerves included dioxide carbon (CO2) epidural injections and spinal canal temperature monitoring. Clinical, radiological, and pathological data with light (n = 20) or transmission electron (n = 2) microscopic analyses were evaluated after 6 days of clinical follow-up and euthanasia. Results CBCT/fluoroscopic-guided transpedicular vertebral body cryoprobe positioning and CO2 epidural injection were successful in all procedures. No major complications were observed in seven animals (87.5 %, n = 8). A minor complication was observed in one pig (12.5 %, n = 1). Logistic regression model analysis showed the cryoprobe-spinal canal (Cp-Sc) distance as the most efficient parameter to categorize spinal canal temperatures lower than 19 °C (p<0.004), with a significant Pearson’s correlation test (p < 0.041) between the Cp-Sc distance and the lowest spinal canal temperatures. Ablation zones encompassed pedicles and the posterior wall of the vertebral bodies with an inflammatory rim, although no inflammatory infiltrate was depicted in the surrounding neural structures at light microscopy. Ultrastructural analyses evidenced myelin sheath disruption in some large nerve fibers, although neurological deficits were not observed. Conclusions CBCT-guided vertebral cryoablation of the porcine spine is feasible under a combination of a short freezing protocol and protective measures to the surrounding nerves. Ultrastructural analyses may be helpful assess the early modifications of the nerve fibers.

Real-time multi-sensors measurement system with temperature effects compensation for impedance-based structural health monitoring

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

An Experimental Study on the Effect of Temperature on Piezoelectric Sensors for Impedance-Based Structural Health Monitoring

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Development of technologies and methods for monitoring the spatial variability of air temperature in greenhouse environment

Climatic factors directly influence growth and productivity of plants inside greenhouses, where temperature can be considered one of the major parameter in this context. Thus, the aim of this research was to develop a low cost device for thermal sensing and data acquisition, and use it in data collection and analysis of spatial variability of temperature inside a greenhouse with tropical climate. The developed equipment for thermal measurements showed a high degree of accuracy and fast responses in measurements, proving its efficiency. The data analysis interpretations were made from the elaborations of variograms and of tridimensional maps generated by a geostatistical software. The processed data analysis presented that a greenhouse without thermal control has spatial variations of air temperature, both in the sampled horizontals layers as in the three analyzed vertical columns, presenting variations of up to 3.6 ºC in certain times.