Índices técnicos correspondentes à velocidade crítica e à máxima velocidade de 30 minutos em nadadores com diferentes níveis de performance aeróbia

O principal objetivo deste estudo foi verificar o efeito do nível de performance aeróbia na relação entre os índices técnicos correspondentes à velocidade crítica (VC) e à velocidade máxima de 30 minutos (V30) em nadadores. Participaram deste estudo, 23 nadadores do gênero masculino com características antropométricas similares, divididos segundo o nível de performance aeróbia em grupo G1 (maior performance) (n = 13) e G2 (menor performance) (n = 10). Os indivíduos tinham pelo menos quatro anos de experiência no esporte e treinavam um volume semanal de 30.000 a 45.000m. A VC foi determinada através do coeficiente angular da regressão linear entre as distâncias (200 e 400m) e seus respectivos tempos. A V30 foi determinada através da máxima distância realizada em um teste de 30 minutos. Todas as variáveis foram determinadas no nado crawl. A VC foi significantemente maior do que a V30 no grupo G1 (1,30 ± 0,04 vs. 1,23 ± 0,06m.s-1) e no G2 (1,17 ± 0,08 vs. 1,07 ± 0,06m.s-1). As duas variáveis foram maiores no grupo G1. As taxas de braçada correspondentes à VC (TBVC) e à V30 (TBV30) obtidas nos grupos G1 (33,07 ± 4,34 vs. 31,38 ± 4,15 ciclos.min-1) e G2 (35,57 ± 6,52 vs. 33,54 ± 5,89 ciclos.min-1) foram similares entre si. A TBVC foi significantemente menor no grupo 1 do que no grupo 2, enquanto que a TBV30 não foi diferente entre os grupos. Os comprimentos de braçada correspondentes à VC (CBVC) e à V30 (CBV30) foram significantemente maiores no grupo G1 (2,41 ± 0,33 vs. 2,38 ± 0,30m.ciclo-1) do que no G2 (2,04 ± 0,43 vs. 1,97 ± 0,40m.ciclo-1), e similares entre si nos dois grupos. As correlações (r) entre a VC e a V30 e as variáveis técnicas correspondentes às duas velocidades foram significantes em todas as comparações (0,68 a 0,91). Portanto, a relação entre a velocidade e as variáveis técnicas correspondentes à VC e à V30 não é modificada pelo nível de performance aeróbia.

Respostas metabólicas e da técnica de nado durante o exercício realizado na velocidade correspondente à máxima fase estável de lactato sanguíneo determinada de forma contínua e intermitente

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Relação entre a fadiga muscular e a mudança da técnica de nado durante um exercício exaustivo no nado crawl

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Respostas da frequência de braçada e do comprimento de braçada na e acima da intensidade correspondente à máxima fase estável de lactato sanguíneo em indivíduos com diferentes níveis de performance

The main objective of this study was to analyze the behavior of variables related to swim ability at and above maximal lactate steady state (MLSS), performed at continuous and intermittent conditions in individuals with different aerobic performance levels. Participated of this study male swimmers with ages between 20 to 25 years, specialists in events of 400 m, 800 m and 1500 m and open water swims, with at least 3 years of experience in the modality. The individuals performed a maximal 400-m swim test. After this test, they were divided into two groups, in accordance with the speed attained during 400-m swim test: G1 (higher performance) and G2 (lower performance). For the determination of continuous MLSS (MLSSc), 2 to 4 trials of 30-min were performed. For the determination of the intermittent MLSS (MLSSi) 2 to 4 trials of 30-min (12 repetitions of 2 min 30 s, with 30 s of rest) were performed, in constant speed, with the first trial performed at 102.5% MLSSc. Th technical indexes, stroke rate (FB) and stroke length (CB) were determined in all tests. The SR was calculated trough recordings using the time needed to perform five stroke cycles. The SL was calculated dividing the speed by the SR. There was no significant difference on the antropometric characteristics between groups. The speed at and above MLSSc were significantly higher at G1 (1,23±0,05 e 1,27±0,06, respectively) than G2 (1,10±0,06 e 1,13±0,06, respectively). There was significant change in SL and SR in G2. In the same way, there was significant change in SL and SR only in G2, above MLSSc. Similar to continuous condition, the speeds at and above MLSSi were significantly higher in G1 (1,27±0,05 e 1,30±0,05, respectively) do que no G2 (1,14±0,07 e 1,16±0,07, respectively). There was significant change in SL and SR only in G2. There was significant change in SR and SL in both groups above MLSSi. Thus,...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Natural fibers based composites - Technical and social issues

Brazil is the only country in South America to have an automotive supplier sector based on natural fibers. New opportunities are arising due to an increase demand by the car makers in applying natural fibers in their parts. Several crop fibers have been developed in Brazil. Among them can be listed caroa, piacava, pupunha, mutum and others of regional application. For the automotive industry, which requires large quantities with uniform quality, the alternatives are sisal (170,000 ton/yr), curaua (150 ton/yr in 2003), malva, 200 ton/yr; Brazil is the single largest producer country of sisal, and commercially, the only one in curaua. For South America, the alternatives are fique in Colombia, abaca in equator, flax in Argentina and curaua in Venezuela. It must be understood by the target countries of drugs, is that crop fiber can be an economic alternative to coca in the Andes region, therefore an instrument of land reform and drug reduction plantations. Several companies have a strong program of apply natural fibers based components in their products: Volkswagen do Brazil, DaimlerChrysler, General Motors do Brazil. Among their suppliers can be listed companies such Pematec (curaua), Toro (sisal, coir and jute), Incomer (sisal and jute), Ober (jute, curaua), Indaru (jute and sisal), Antolin (imported kenaf,) Tapetes Sao Carlos (sisal), Poematec (coir) and Art-Gore, with Woodstock'' wood and natural fibers). Figures about production and demand are discussed in the paper.

Evaluation of thermal stress indexes for dairy cows in tropical regions

Seis índices de estresse ambiental foram aplicados a 1.359 dados de 359 vacas Holandesas e 54 vacas Jersey em rebanhos comerciais do Ceará e Rio Grande do Norte. O critério de seleção aplicado aos índices foi sua correlação com a temperatura retal e a freqüência respiratória dos animais. O Índice de Temperatura e Umidade (THI) e o Índice de Globo e Umidade (BGHI) apresentaram os piores resultados, com correlações muito baixas com as respostas dos animais. Os índices escolhidos foram o Índice de Temperatura Equivalente (ESI), correlacionado significativamente com a temperatura retal (r = 0,293) e a freqüência respiratória (r = 0,520), e o Índice de Carga Térmica (HLI), com correlações r = 0,286 e r = 0,542 respectivamente.

Influence of the Lipophilic External Phase Composition on the Preparation and Characterization of Xylan Microcapsules-A Technical Note

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

A novel algorithm for feature selection using Harmony Search and its application for non-technical losses detection

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Ecological impacts from syngas burning in internal combustion engine: Technical and economic aspects

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Urgent Endovascular Treatment of Thoraco-abdominal Aneurysms Using a Sandwich Technique and Chimney Grafts - A Technical Description

Introduction: So far the only endovascular option to treat patients with thoraco abdominal aortic aneurysms is the deployment of branched grafts. We describe a technique consisting of the deployment of standard off-the- shelf grafts to treat urgent cases.Material and Methods: The sandwich technique consists of the deployment of ViaBahn chimney grafts in combination with standard thoracic and abdominal aortic stent grafts. The chimney grafts are deployed using a transbrachial and transaxillary access. These coaxial grafts are placed inside the thoracic tube graft. After deployment of the infrarenal bifurcated abdominal graft a bridging stent-a short tube graft is positioned inside the thoracic graft further stabilizing the chimney grafts.Results: 5 patients with symptomatic thoraco abdominal aneurysms were treated. There was one Type I endoleak that resolved after 2 months. In all patients 3 stentgrafts had to be used When possible all visceral and renal branches were revascularized. A total number of 17 arteries were reconnected with covered branches. During follow up we lost one target vessel the right renal artery.Conclusion: The sandwich technique in combination with chimney grafts permits a total endovascular exclusion of thoraco abdominal aortic aneurysms. In all cases off-the shelf products and grafts could be used. The number of patients treated so far is still too small to draw further more robust conclusions with regard to long term performance and durability. (C) 2010 European Society for Vascular Surgery. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Fourth ventricle computed tomography indexes: standardisation and characteristics in neurocysticercosis

OBJETIVOS: propor padrão de normalidade das dimensões do IVventrículo e estudar suas características em neurocisticercose. MÉTODO: em um grupo controle (GC) constituído de 114 indivíduos com tomografias normais e em outro grupo composto de 80 doentes com neurocisticercose (GN), mediram-se a distância fronto-polar de ventrículos laterais (FP) e os diâmetros craniano interno (Cr), ântero-posterior (AP) e látero-lateral (LL) do IVº ventrículo para a padronização de seis índices. RESULTADOS: AP/Cr, AP/LL e AP/FP foram os índices mais discriminatórios e apresentaram, em GC, valores médios de 0,063, 0,267 e 0,582, respectivamente. em GN os valores foram estatisticamente superiores a GC. Selecionaram-se 51 doentes do GN com índice> ou =2 desvios-padrão da média em GC. Neles, AP/Ll foi> ou =1 em 95% doentes com derivação liquórica e em 88% com depressão, ocorrendo em 73% com evolução satisfatória e todos que faleceram. CONCLUSÃO: AP/Cr, AP/LL e, principalmente, AP/FP são representativos das dimensões do IVventrículo.

Bone Spreading and Standardized Dilation of Horizontally Resorbed Bone: Technical Considerations

The uses of a new bone spreading technique with simultaneous implant placement are discussed. The spreading system is an alternative technique to Summers' osteotome. Specific screw designs (spreader) served to laterally compress the bone to increase the cancellous density adjacent to the site. The spreader achieved a controlled and standardized dilation of horizontal bone. The advantages, material selection, and the application of this new procedure are detailed. (Implant Dent 2009; 18:119-125)