On the worldsheet derivation of large N dualities for the superstring

Large N topological string dualities have led to a class of proposed open/ closed dualities for superstrings. In the topological string context, the worldsheet derivation of these dualities has already been given. In this paper we take the first step in deriving the full ten-dimensional superstring dualities by showing how the dualities arise on the superstring worldsheet at the level of F terms. As part of this derivation, we show for F-term computations that the hybrid formalism for the superstring is equivalent to a (c) over cap = 5 topological string in ten-dimensional spacetime. Using the (c) over cap = 5 description, we then show that the D brane boundary state for the ten-dimensional open superstring naturally emerges on the worldsheet of the closed superstring dual.

Simple derivation of general Fierz-type identities

General Fierz-type identities are examined and their well-known connection with completeness relations in matrix vector spaces is shown. In particular, I derive the chiral Fierz identities in a simple and systematic way by using a chiral basis for the complex 4 X 4 matrices. Other completeness relations for the fundamental representations of SU(N) algebras can be extracted using the same reasoning. (c) 2005 American Association of Physics Teachers.

Towards a worldsheet derivation of the Maldacena conjecture

A U(2,2 vertical bar 4)-invariant A-model constructed from fermionic superfields has recently been proposed as a sigma model for the superstring on AdS(5) X S(5). After explaining the relation of this A-model with the pure spinor formalism, the A-model action is expressed as a gauged linear sigma model. In the zero radius limit, the Coulomb branch of this sigma model is interpreted as D-brane holes which are related to gauge-invariant N = 4 d=4 super-Yang-Mills operators. As in the worldsheet derivation of open-closed duality for Chem-Simons theory, this construction may lead to a worldsheet derivation of the Maldacena conjecture. Intriguing connections to the twistorial formulation of N = 4 Yang-Mills are also noted. (Republished with permission of JHEP from JHEP 0803:031, 2008.)

DERIVATION OF THE ENERGY-TIME UNCERTAINTY RELATION

A derivation from first principles is given of the energy-time uncertainty relation in quantum mechanics. A canonical transformation is made in classical mechanics to a new canonical momentum, which is energy E, and a new canonical coordinate T, which is called tempus, conjugate to the energy. Tempus T, the canonical coordinate conjugate to the energy, is conceptually different from the time t in which the system evolves. The Poisson bracket is a canonical invariant, so that energy and tempus satisfy the same Poisson bracket as do p and q. When the system is quantized, we find the energy-time uncertainty relation DELTAEDELTAT greater-than-or-equal-to HBAR/2. For a conservative system the average of the tempus operator T is the time t plus a constant. For a free particle and a particle acted on by a constant force, the tempus operators are constructed explicitly, and the energy-time uncertainty relation is explicitly verified.

Modelling thermodynamic properties of banana waste by analytical derivation of desorption isotherms

Banana is an agricultural product of great economic importance for various developing countries. The relationship between moisture content and water activity provides useful information for the processing and storage of banana waste. The water activity and moisture content of three banana (Mussa spp. Haploid AAB cv. Nanica) waste items were analyzed to determine the desorption isotherms at six different temperatures (20, 30, 40, 50, 60 and 70°C). The desorption isotherms of the peel, pedicel and pulp of overripe bananas were determined in wide ranges of moisture content (0.001-6.360 kg kg-1 d.b.) and water activity (0.02-0.907). The theoretical GAB model was used for modelling the desorption isotherms. An analytical solution of the Clausius-Clapeyron equation was proposed to compute the isosteric heat of sorption, the differential entropy and Gibbs' free energy by way of the GAB model when the effect of temperature on the hygroscopic equilibrium was considered. © 2012 de Gruyter. All rights reserved.

A simple derivation of the Lindblad equation

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

As criações neológicas apresentadas por José Simão no jornal Folha de São Paulo

Pós-graduação em Estudos Linguísticos - IBILCE

Um estudo funcional da perífrase conjuncional 'Desde que' sob a ótica da gramaticalização

Pós-graduação em Linguística e Língua Portuguesa - FCLAR

RNS derivation of N-point disk amplitudes from the revisited S-matrix approach

Recently, in [7] we proposed a revisited S-matrix approach to efficiently find the bosonic terms of the open superstring low energy effective lagrangian (OSLEEL). This approach allows to compute the alpha'(N) terms of the OSLEEL using open superstring n-point amplitudes in which n is considerably lower than (N + 2) (which is the order of the required amplitude to obtain those alpha'(N) terms by means of the conventional S-matrix approach). In this work we use our revisited S-matrix approach to examine the structure of the scattering amplitudes, arriving at a closed form for them. This is a RNS derivation of the formula first found by Mafra, Schlotterer and Stieberger [21], using the pure spinor formalism. We have succeeded doing this for the 5, 6 and 7-point amplitudes. In order to achieve these results we have done a careful analysis of the kinematical structure of the amplitudes, finding as a by-product a purely kinematical derivation of the BCJ relations (for N = 4, 5, 6 and 7). Also, following the spirit of the revisited S-matrix approach, we have found the alpha' expansions for these amplitudes up to alpha'(6) order in some cases, by only using the well known open superstring 4-point amplitude, cyclic symmetry and tree level unitarity: we have not needed to compute any numerical series or any integral involving polylogarithms, at any moment. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).

Corrosion behaviour of aluminium syntactic functionally graded composites

Syntactic Functionally Graded Metal Matrix Composites (SFGMMC) are a type of composites reinforced by microballoons exhibiting a graded reinforcement distribution. These materials constitute a promising new generation of lightweight structural materials for aerospace, marine and shielding/insulation applications. In this work, A356 alloy reinforced with silica-alumina microballoons (SiO2-Al2O3) was processed by casting techniques. The influence of the microballoon distribution gradient on the corrosion behaviour of the composite was investigated by potentiodynamic polarisation and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). Composite surfaces were analysed before and after testing by Optical Microscopy (OM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to determine the influence of microstructural changes.

Development of site-specific sediment quality guidelines for North and South Atlantic littoral zones: Comparison against national and international sediment quality benchmarks

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Efeito da dexmedetomidina sobre a arritmia cardíaca induzida pela adrenalina em cães anestesiados pelo sevofluorano

Avaliou-se o efeito da dexmedetomidina sobre o ritmo cardíaco em 20 cães, sem raça definida, de ambos os sexos e considerados sadios, anestesiados pelo sevofluorano e submetidos a doses crescentes de adrenalina. Os animais foram, aleatoriamente, distribuídos em dois grupos (placebo e dexmedetomidina). No grupo placebo, os animais receberam, por via intravenosa, solução de NaCl a 0,9%, na dose de 0,3ml/kg. Foram considerados dois momentos, M0 e M1, imediatamente antes e após a aplicação, respectivamente. Após 10 minutos, realizou-se a indução anestésica com sevofluorano, por meio de máscara facial vedada, até a perda do reflexo laringotraqueal. em seguida, procedeu-se à intubação orotraqueal e a manutenção da anestesia foi realizada com a administração de sevofluorano na concentração de 1,5CAM, em circuito anestésico com reinalação parcial de gases. Decorridos 20 minutos da indução anestésica, iniciou-se a administração intravenosa contínua de solução de adrenalina a 2% em doses crescentes de 1, 2, 3, 4 e 5mg/kg/min, por meio de bomba de infusão, com aumento da dose em intervalos de 10 minutos. Imediatamente antes desse acréscimo eram feitas as mensurações (M2 a M6). No grupo dexmedetomidina empregou-se a mesma metodologia substituindo-se a solução de NaCl a 0,9% por hidrocloridrato de dexmedetomidina, na dose de 1µg/kg. Foram registradas as pressões arteriais, em M0 e em M2 a M6, e o traçado eletrocardiográfico, na derivação DII (M2 a M6), considerando-se para efeito estatístico o número total de bloqueios atrioventriculares (BAV) de primeiro e segundo graus e de complexos ventriculares prematuros (ESV), coincidentes com cada dose de adrenalina. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância seguida pelo teste de Tukey (P<0,05). Verificou-se que a dexmedetomidina interfere significativamente na condução atrioventricular levando a maior ocorrência de BAV e reduz o número de ESV nas doses infundidas de 2 e 3mg/kg/min de adrenalina. Logo após a aplicação de dexmedetomidina, observaram-se redução da freqüência cardíaca e da pressão arterial, cuja diminuição persistiu por até uma hora.

Manganês na nutrição e na produção de massa seca do capim-mombaça

There are few studies that relate the micronutrient manganese nutritional status and production of fodder. The objective was to evaluate the application of manganese in the nutrition and growth of Mombaca grass. The completely randomized design was used with five manganese levels (0, 15, 30, 60, 120 mg dm(-3)) and four replicates. Each experimental unit consisted of a pot filled with 3.5 dm(-3) of soil from Oxisol (Mn = 0.6 mg dm(-3)), containing four plants. Two harvests were set, the first 44 days after sowing and the second 38 days after the first cut. The concentration of manganese in the soils, the manganese content of leaves, number of tillers, plant height, shoot dry mass in each slice and the root system of Mombaca grass were evaluated. The applied rates of manganese resulted in increased accumulation of Mn in the plant, and there was an increase in dry mass of Mombaca grass, with maximum production, obtained from derivation, of 5.9 and 6.3 g plant(-1) for levels of 121 and 71 mg dm(-3) of Mn in the first and second cut respectively. The Mombaca grass has showed high manganese's tolerance, the critical level of toxicity was 841 mg kg(-1) in the second cut.

Distribuição da carga hidráulica em linhas de derivação otimizadas por programação linear

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)