Terapia de linguagem de irmãos com transtornos invasivos do desenvolvimento: estudo longitudinal

O objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever o processo de intervenção fonoaudiológica de dois irmãos com transtornos invasivos do desenvolvimento, por meio de um estudo longitudinal de caso clínico. Participaram dois irmãos, um de nove e outro de 11 anos de idade, ambos do gênero masculino, com autismo (Caso 1) e transtorno invasivo do desenvolvimento sem outra especificação (Caso 2). Como procedimento de coleta e análise de dados foi realizado um estudo longitudinal, por meio de acompanhamento dos casos ao longo de quatro anos de intervenção fonoaudiológica. Foram realizadas filmagens durante as sessões de terapia, análise documental de informações dos prontuários referentes à anamnese, avaliação e relatórios terapêuticos fonoaudiológicos, exames e avaliações multidisciplinares. em ambos os casos houve melhora no contato visual, na interação social, no vocabulário e na brincadeira simbólica. No Caso 1 ocorreu aumento de 2,0 para 6,2 atos comunicativos por minuto, no Caso 2 de 3,5 para 8,0 atos e ambos demonstraram predominância do meio verbal e maior variedade de funções comunicativas. Outros fatores influenciaram estes resultados, como a deficiência intelectual, a dinâmica familiar, os conflitos no relacionamento entre os irmãos e o ambiente escolar em que estavam inseridos. Confirmou-se a relevância do fonoaudiólogo em intervenções nos transtornos invasivos do desenvolvimento, junto a equipes multidisciplinares, para a discussão diagnóstica e de condutas mais adequadas. Estudos longitudinais podem contribuir para uma análise mais detalhada e fidedigna de intervenções terapêuticas nesses casos, para esclarecer lacunas existentes na literatura e subsidiar a atuação do fonoaudiólogo clínico.

Percurso e resultados da terapia fonoaudiológica na síndrome de Prader-Willi (SPW): relato de caso

O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever o percurso e os resultados da terapia fonoaudiológica na síndrome de Prader-Willi, por meio do estudo longitudinal do caso de uma criança de 8 anos de idade, do gênero masculino, ao longo de quatro anos de terapia fonoaudiológica em uma clínica-escola. Foram realizadas filmagens de sessões de terapia e análise documental de informações dos prontuários referentes à anamnese, avaliação e relatórios terapêuticos fonoaudiológicos e avaliações multidisciplinares. A criança apresentou características típicas da síndrome de Prader-Willi como obesidade, hiperfagia, ansiedade, problemas de comportamento e auto-agressões. em avaliação fonoaudiológica foram observados hipotonia orofacial, sialorréia, voz hipernasal, alterações cognitivas, dificuldades de compreensão oral, comunicação por meio de gestos e produção de palavras isoladas ininteligíveis. Inicialmente, a terapia fonoaudiológica teve o objetivo principal de promover o desenvolvimento da linguagem com ênfase na interação social por meio de atividades lúdicas. Com a evolução do caso o direcionamento principal passou a ser o desenvolvimento de habilidades conversacionais e narrativas. Foram observadas evoluções quanto à manutenção da atenção, brincadeira simbólica, contato social e comportamento. Além disso, houve aumento do vocabulário, evolução quanto à compreensão oral e desenvolvimento de habilidades narrativas. Dessa maneira, a intervenção fonoaudiológica em caso de síndrome de Prader-Willi foi eficaz em diferentes níveis, no que se refere às habilidades fonológicas, sintáticas, lexicais e pragmáticas da linguagem

A inserção da criança pré-escolar no universo da cultura escrita pela mediação do desenho

Pós-graduação em Educação - FFC

O jogo simbólico livre e dirigido e as manifestações do juízo moral em crianças da educação infantil

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

A criança de 01 a 03 anos: uma reflexão sobre a evolução da imitação no processo de formação do eu

This investigation aims to observe play contents and elements that make it possible to notice if a child is at the imitation stage. First of all, this study reviews Piaget’s findings about the origins of imitation, and how it develops into representation. After that, “game” is analyzed in order to understand the cognitive representation and how children develop the ability to use symbols. Based on these assumptions, a study was developed into a public school (Profª Maria Teixeira Fittipaldi) with 9 children, aged between 1 to 3. Methodology included the observation of play and activity time; a diary to record the observations; and the analysis of the collected data, based on Piaget’s research into the classification and development of symbolic play. The results show that all observed situations were at the “first stage”, which reveal the apogee of ludic symbolism, and that the kind of game varied according to the child’s age. Moreover, it was possible to notice the importance of symbolic play at preschool, since it triggers world knowledge development and helps interpersonal relationship growth.

Trajectory and outcomes of speech language therapy in the Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS): case report

The aim of this study was to describe the trajectory and the outcomes of speech-language therapy in Prader-Willi syndrome through a longitudinal study of the case of an 8 year-old boy, along four years of speech-language therapy follow-up. The therapy sessions were filmed and documental analysis of information from the child's records regarding anamnesis, evaluation and speech-language therapy reports and multidisciplinary evaluations were carried out. The child presented typical characteristics of Prader-Willi syndrome, such as obesity, hyperfagia, anxiety, behavioral problems and self aggression episodes. Speech-language pathology evaluation showed orofacial hypotony, sialorrhea, hypernasal voice, cognitive deficits, oral comprehension difficulties, communication using gestures and unintelligible isolated words. Initially, speech-language therapy had the aim to promote the language development emphasizing social interaction through recreational activities. With the evolution of the case, the main focus became the development of conversation and narrative abilities. It were observed improvements in attention, symbolic play, social contact and behavior. Moreover, there was an increase in vocabulary, and evolution in oral comprehension and the development of narrative abilities. Hence, speech-language pathology intervention in the case described was effective in different linguistic levels, regarding phonological, syntactic, lexical and pragmatic abilities.

Play behaviour in nonhuman animals and the animal welfare issue

The mission of defining animal welfare indicators is methodologically difficult, limited, and possibly impossible. A promising alternative, however, to evaluate suitable environmental conditions is the assessment of play behaviour. In the present review, we summarise the general aspects of play behaviour in nonhuman animals and propose its use as a potential indicator of animal welfare. Play behaviour probably occurs in most vertebrates and some invertebrates, but predominately in mammals. It is also more frequent in young males and is associated with the environmental context in which animals find themselves. Animals play if they are healthy and well-fed, but not if they are under stressful conditions or if they are in a stressful state. We can therefore use the prevalence of play behaviour as an indicator of suitable environmental conditions, considering the specificity associated with the above-mentioned modifying factors.

What Role Should Government Regulation Play in Ecological Restoration? Ongoing Debate in São Paulo State, Brazil

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Tragedy on grade crossing: driver failure or systemic fragility?

In 2010, an accident occurred in Americana-SP, Brazil, involving two trains and one bus on a Grade Crossing, when 10 people died and 17 were injured including workers. This paper aims to analyze the accident using the Model of Analysis and Prevention of Work Accidents (MAPA). The method provides observation of work, interviews and analysis of documents to understand precedents of the event in the following stages: to understand the usual work from the involved people, the changes occurred in the system, the operation of barriers, managerial and organizational aspects. By the end, measures are suggested to avoid new occurrences. The accident took place at night in a site with insufficient lighting. The working conditions of bus drivers, train operators and watchmen are inadequate. There were only symbolic barriers (visual and acoustic signals) triggered manually by watchman upon train operator radio communication. The fragility of the barrier system associated to poor lighting and short time to trigger the signaling seem to play a critical role in the event. Contrary to the official report which resulted in guilt of the bus driver, the conclusion of the paper emphasizes the fragility of the safety system and the need of level crossing reproject.

Mistletoes Play Different Roles in a Modular Host-Parasite Network

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

AORTIC BARORECEPTORS PLAY A PREDOMINANT ROLE IN THE REGULATION OF HINDLIMB VASCULAR-RESISTANCE IN RATS

In previous studies using bilateral carotid occlusion in conscious freely moving rats we suggested that aortic baroreceptors may play a more important role in the regulation of hindlimb than in renal and mesenteric vascular resistances. In the present study we performed electrical stimulation of the aortic baroreceptor nerve and analyzed the changes in mean arterial pressure and in hindlimb, renal, and mesenteric vascular resistances. All the experiments were performed under urethan anesthesia. Unilateral electrical stimulation (3 V, 2 ms, 50 Hz) of the aortic baroreceptor nerve produced a fall in arterial pressure (-27 +/- 3 mmHg) and an important reduction in hindlimb vascular resistance (-43 +/- 5%), with an increase in renal (+3 +/- 14%) and mesenteric (+48 +/- 12%) vascular resistances. Similar changes in arterial pressure as well as in the resistance of the three vascular beds studied were also observed during electrical stimulation of the aortic baroreceptor nerve in rats with bilateral carotid baroreceptor denervation or in rats treated with methylatropine. The data obtained with electrical stimulation indicated that aortic baroreceptors play a more important role in the regulation of blood flow in hindlimb than in renal and mesenteric vascular beds.

Symbolic power, robotting, and surveilling

Symbolic power is discussed with reference to mathematics and formal languages. Two distinctions are crucial for establishing mechanical and formal perspectives: one between appearance and reality, and one between sense and reference. These distinctions include a nomination of what to consider primary and secondary. They establish the grammatical format of a mechanical and a formal world view. Such views become imposed on the domains addressed by means of mathematics and formal languages. Through such impositions symbolic power of mathematics becomes exercised. The idea that mathematics describes as it prioritises is discussed with reference to robotting and surveillance. In general, the symbolic power of mathematics and formal languages is summarised through the observations: that mathematics treats parts and properties as autonomous, that it dismembers what it addresses and destroys the organic unity around things, and that it simplifies things and reduces them to a single feature. But, whatever forms the symbolic power may take, it cannot be evaluated along a single good-bad axis.