On local analysis of oscillations of a non-ideal and non-linear mechanical model

It is of major importance to consider non-ideal energy sources in engineering problems. They act on an oscillating system and at the same time experience a reciprocal action from the system. Here, a non-ideal system is studied. In this system, the interaction between source energy and motion is accomplished through a special kind of friction. Results about the stability and instability of the equilibrium point of this system are obtained. Moreover, its bifurcation curves are determined. Hopf bifurcations are found in the set of parameters of the oscillating system.

Third body perturbation using a single averaged model considering elliptic orbits for the disturbing body

In the present work, we expanded the study done by Solorzanol(1) including the eccentricity of the perturbing body. The assumptions used to develop the single-averaged analytical model are the same ones of the restricted elliptic three-body problem. The disturbing function was expanded in Legendre polynomials up to fourth-order. After that, the equations of motion are obtained from the planetary equations and we performed a set of numerical simulations. Different initial eccentricities for the perturbing and perturbed body are considered. The results obtained perform an analysis of the stability of a near-circular orbits and investigate under which conditions this orbit remain near-circular.

Non-transposed three-phase line analyses with a single real transformation matrix

In transmission line transient analyses, a single real transformation matrix can obtain exact modes when the analyzed line is transposed. For non-transposed lines, the results are not exact. In this paper, non-symmetrical and non transposed three-phase line samples are analyzed with a single real transformation matrix application (Clarke's matrix). Some interesting characteristics of this matrix application are: single, real, frequency independent, line parameter independent, identical for voltage and current determination. With Clarke's matrix use, mathematical simplifications are obtained and the developed model can be applied directly in programs based on time domain. This model works without convolution procedures to deal with phase-mode transformation. In EMTP programs, Clarke's matrix can be represented by ideal transformers and the frequency dependent line parameters can be represented by modified-circuits. With these representations, the electrical values at any line point can be accessed for phase domain or mode domain using the Clarke matrix or its inverse matrix. For symmetrical and non-transposed lines, the model originates quite small errors. In addition, the application of the proposed model to the non-symmetrical and non-transposed three phase transmission lines is investigated. ©2005 IEEE.

A Model Coupling Vibrational and Rotational Motion for the DNA Molecule

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

On Lugre Friction Model to Mitigate Nonideal Vibrations

In this paper, a nonideal mechanical system with the LuGre friction damping model is considered. The mechanical model of the system is an oscillator not necessarily linear connected with an unbalanced motor of excitation with limited power supply. The control of motion and the attenuation of the Sommerfeld effect of the considered nonideal system are analyzed in this paper The mathematical model of the system is represented by coupled non-linear differential equations. The identification of some interesting nonlinear phenomenon in the transient and steady state motion of the system during the passage through resonance (using applied voltages at dc motor as control parameter) is investigated in detail using numerical simulation. [DOI: 10.1115/1.3124783]

Magnetic domain states in nano-sized Co nuclei electrodeposited onto monocrystalline silicon

In the present work, nano-sized magnetic nuclei of Co have been electrodeposited onto p-Si (111). The deposition follows a mechanism of progressive nucleation and growth controlled by diffusion. MFM studies showed that the transition between magnetic domain states is strongly dependent on the size and shape of the nuclei. A critical height h0 is defined below which the nuclei presented always a single-domain configuration. The limiting lower boundary for the single-domain state calculated from the theory is quantitatively coincident with the experimental results. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Quantum mechanical modeling of excited electronic states and their relationship to cathodoluminescence of BaZrO3

First-principles calculations set the comprehension over performance of novel cathodoluminescence (CL) properties of BaZrO3 prepared through microwave-assisted hydrothermal. Ground (singlet, s*) and excited (singlet s** and triplet t**) electronic states were built from zirconium displacement of 0.2 Å in {001} direction. Each ground and excited states were characterized by the correlation of their corresponding geometry with electronic structures and Raman vibrational frequencies which were also identified experimentally. A kind of optical polarization switching was identified by the redistribution of 4dz2 and 4dxz (Zr) orbitals and 2pz O orbital. As a consequence, asymmetric bending and stretching modes theoretically obtained reveal a direct dependence with their polyhedral intracluster and/or extracluster ZrO6 distortions with electronic structure. Then, CL of the as-synthesized BaZrO3 can be interpreted as a result of stable triplet excited states, which are able to trap electrons, delaying the emission process due to spin multiplicity changes. © 2013 AIP Publishing LLC.

Modelos mecânicos para o estudo da dinâmica do DNA

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Markovian versus non-Markovian stochastic quantization of a complex-action model

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Analysis of Lattice Size, Energy Density and Denaturation for a One-Dimensional DNA Model

There are several mechanical models to describe the DNA phenomenology. In this work the DNA denaturation is stu- died under thermodynamical and dynamical point of view using the well known Peyrard-Bishop model. The thermody-namics analysis using the transfer integral operator method is briefly reviewed. In particular, the lattice size is discussed and a conjecture about the minimum energy to denaturation is proposed. In terms of the dynamical aspects of the model, the equations of motion for the system are integrated and the results determine the energy density where the denatura- tion occurs. The behavior of the lattice near the phase transition is analyzed. The relation between the thermodynamical and dynamical results is discussed.

Dois critérios de seleção na pré- desmama em bovinos da raça Gir. 2. Efeito na classificação dos animais

A utilização de dois critérios de seleção na pré-desmama, ganho médio diário do nascimento à desmama (GMD) e dias para ganhar 160 kg do nascimento à desmama (D160), foi estudada, analisando-se informações de 16.592 animais, provenientes do controle de desenvolvimento ponderal da Associação Brasileira dos Criadores de Zebu, nascidos no período de 1978 a 1994. Foram incluídos no modelo o efeito fixo de grupo de contemporâneos e os efeitos aleatórios genético aditivo de animal e materno, de ambiente permanente materno e o erro. A covariância entre os efeitos direto e materno foi considerada igual a zero. As estimativas dos componentes de variância e herdabilidade foram obtidas pelo método da máxima verossimilhança restrita e os valores genéticos preditos (VGs), por modelos animais uni-característica. As estimativas de herdabilidade foram: 0,12; 0,05; 0,10 e 0,05 para GMD (efeito direto), GMD (efeito materno), D160 (efeito direto) e D160 (efeito materno), respectivamente. Foram estimadas a correlação genética entre GMD e D160 (efeito direto e materno) e a correlação de classificação (Spearman) entre os valores genéticos para as categorias de touros, vacas e bezerros. As estimativas de correlação genética entre GMD e D160 foram 0,86 e 0,88, para o efeito direto e materno, respectivamente. As estimativas de correlação de ;rank;, também foram altas, entretanto, nenhuma foi igual a um, resultando em alterações na classificação dos animais. A relação entre as médias aritmética (A) e harmônica (H) e o desvio-padrão (S) do GMD ajustado para efeitos ambientais e maternos (GMDc) foi verificada utilizando-se um modelo restrito, sem intercepto, mediante as regressões linear e quadrática do S do GMDc sobre a diferença entre a média aritmética e média harmônica (A-H). Os resultados evidenciaram que, semelhantemente a H, o critério D160 apresentou a propriedade de discriminar touros com progênie mais uniforme.

Projected length annealing of etched Sm-152 ion tracks in apatite

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Modeling and Experimental Aspects of Self-healing Bolted Joint through Shape Memory Alloy Actuators

Bolted joints are a form of mechanical coupling largely used in machinery due to their reliability and low cost. Failure of bolted joints can lead to catastrophic events, such as leaking, train derailments, aircraft crashes, etc. Most of these failures occur due to the reduction of the pre-load, induced by mechanical vibration or human errors in the assembly or maintenance process. This article investigates the application of shape memory alloy (SMA) washers as an actuator to increase the pre-load on loosened bolted joints. The application of SMA washer follows a structural health monitoring procedure to identify a damage (reduction in pre-load) occurrence. In this article, a thermo-mechanical model is presented to predict the final pre-load achieved using this kind of actuator, based on the heat input and SMA washer dimension. This model extends and improves on the previous model of Ghorashi and Inman [2004, "Shape Memory Alloy in Tension and Compression and its Application as Clamping Force Actuator in a Bolted Joint: Part 2 - Modeling," J. Intell. Mater. Syst. Struct., 15:589-600], by eliminating the pre-load term related to nut turning making the system more practical. This complete model is a powerful but complex tool to be used by designers. A novel modeling approach for self-healing bolted joints based on curve fitting of experimental data is presented. The article concludes with an experimental application that leads to a change in joint assembly to increase the system reliability, by removing the ceramic washer component. Further research topics are also suggested.

Modelos de regressão aleatória com diferentes estruturas de variância residual para descrever o tamanho da leitegada

Objetivou-se comparar modelos de regressão aleatória com diferentes estruturas de variância residual, a fim de se buscar a melhor modelagem para a característica tamanho da leitegada ao nascer (TLN). Utilizaram-se 1.701 registros de TLN, que foram analisados por meio de modelo animal, unicaracterística, de regressão aleatória. As regressões fixa e aleatórias foram representadas por funções contínuas sobre a ordem de parto, ajustadas por polinômios ortogonais de Legendre de ordem 3. Para averiguar a melhor modelagem para a variância residual, considerou-se a heterogeneidade de variância por meio de 1 a 7 classes de variância residual. O modelo geral de análise incluiu grupo de contemporâneo como efeito fixo; os coeficientes de regressão fixa para modelar a trajetória média da população; os coeficientes de regressão aleatória do efeito genético aditivo-direto, do comum-de-leitegada e do de ambiente permanente de animal; e o efeito aleatório residual. O teste da razão de verossimilhança, o critério de informação de Akaike e o critério de informação bayesiano de Schwarz apontaram o modelo que considerou homogeneidade de variância como o que proporcionou melhor ajuste aos dados utilizados. As herdabilidades obtidas foram próximas a zero (0,002 a 0,006). O efeito de ambiente permanente foi crescente da 1ª (0,06) à 5ª (0,28) ordem, mas decrescente desse ponto até a 7ª ordem (0,18). O comum-de-leitegada apresentou valores baixos (0,01 a 0,02). A utilização de homogeneidade de variância residual foi mais adequada para modelar as variâncias associadas à característica tamanho da leitegada ao nascer nesse conjunto de dado.

Temperature and wavelength dependence of the thermo-optical properties of tellurite and chalcogenide glasses

The refractive index and the temperature coefficient of the optical path length change of tellurite (80TeO(2):20Li(2)O) and chalcogenide glasses (72.5Ga(2)S(3):27.5La(2)O(3)) were determined as a function of temperature (up to 150 degrees C) and wavelength (in the range between 454 and 632.8 nm). The tellurite glass exhibits the usual refractive index dispersion in the wavelength range analyzed, while anomalous refractive index dispersion was observed for the chalcogenide glass between 454 and 530 nm. The dispersion parameters were determined by means of the single-effective oscillator model. In addition, a strong dependence of the temperature coefficient of the optical path length on the photon energy and temperature was found for the chalcogenide glass. The latter was correlated to the shift of the optical band gap (or electronic edge) with temperature, which was interpreted by the electron-phonon interaction model. (C) 2007 American Institute of Physics.