ECONOMIC ANALYSIS of AMAZON RIVER PRAWN FARMING TO THE MARKETS FOR LIVE BAIT and JUVENILES IN PANTANAL, BRAZIL

The implementation of a hypothetical aquaculture facility with hatchery, nursery and grow-out earthen ponds for raising the Amazon River Prawn Macrobrachium amazonicum in the Pantanal was considered. Eight larviculture cycles per year were projected: four to produce post-larvae for stocking in grow-out bait ponds, and four to stock nursery tanks to sell juveniles as seed to grow-out farms, which produce prawns for human consumption. Annual production would be 146,880 dozen bait prawns and 2,938 thousand juveniles. The assumed sale prices were US$ 1.38 per dozen baits and US$ 15.39 per thousand juveniles. The net present value was US$ 555,890.79, internal rate of return was 48% per year, payback period was 2.4 years and benefit-cost ratio was 3.90. The breakeven price to cover total costs per dozen baits was US$ 0.70 and per thousand juveniles was US$ 17.00, indicating that the selling price assumed for juveniles in base scenario is not realistic. Net return was US$ 84,773.80. The results indicate that this activity would be a lucrative and attractive investment in the Pantanal.

Enxertia em citros por substituição de ápice caulinar

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Causas de variação nos preços de bovinos nelore elite no Brasil

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Economic viability of the piaucu Leporinus macrocephalus (Garavello & Britski, 1988) production

Brazilian fish farms presented an accelerated development during the early 90's, mainly because of the increase in fee-fishing operations. To meet the demand of this market, fish production and supply became excessive and, as a consequence, the number of fee-fishing operations, farmers and the final selling price, decreased. This study analyzes the technical aspects, production cost, profitability and economic viability of the production of piaucu (L. macrocephalus) in ponds, based on information from a rural property. Feeding and fingerling costs amount to approximately 47.1 % of the total production cost, representing together with the final selling price the most important factor affecting profitability. The payback period was 8.3 years, the liquid present value US$ 291.07, the internal return margin 9%, and the income-outcome ratio was 1.01, which represents an unattractive investment as a projection based on current conditions. The improvement in productive efficiency enhances the economic valuation index, and that the relative magnitude of cost and income are the most important points for the economic viability of the studied farm.

Responses to selection for milk traits in dairy buffaloes

The aim of the present study was to estimate the index and individual responses to selection for milk (MY), fat (FY) and protein (PY) yields for different breeding goals for two commercial buffalo milk production systems in São Paulo State characterized by: 1) all milk produced is sold to the industry (MILK) and 2) all milk produced is used in the mozzarella cheese-making process at the farm (MOZZARELLA). The current payment policy is based exclusively on milk volume. The mozzarella price refers to the wholesale selling price. Index responses to selection (IR) were calculated for three different breeding goals (BG): 1) MY exclusively (BG(1)); 2) FY + PY (BG(2)) and 3) MY + FY + PY (BG(3)). IR for the MILK system were US$ 41.79 (BG(1)), US$ 5.91 (BG(2)) and US$ 38.22 (BG(3)). For the MOZZARELLA system, IR were US$ 179.50 (BG(1)), US$ 262.85 (BG(2)) and US$ 402.41 (BG(3)). The results suggest that for the present circumstances, selection for milk components is not advantageous when milk is produced for sale to the industry. However, when mozzarella making is added to the system, the selection for components and milk volume is the most economically beneficial.

Valores econômicos para as características de produção de leite de búfalas no Estado de São Paulo

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Irrigação e certificação da cafeicultura na Região Centro-Oeste de São Paulo

An unsatisfactory profitability has led to the gradual decline of the coffee plantations in São Paulo. Among the alternatives that arise for solving this problem, two stand out: the irrigation of crops and certification of properties. Even in areas considered suitable for cultivation of arabica coffee (Coffea arabica L.), the use of irrigation can promote an increase in grain yield. In addition, the product certification promotes their differentiation in the market and can improve the economic results of the activity. This study aimed to evaluate the development and productivity of coffee crops subjected to irrigation or not, comparing economic data in the marketing of coffee certified or not, under the conditions of the mid-west region of São Paulo state. The field experimental design was in randomized blocks with two treatments (with and without drip irrigation) and ten repetitions. The costs of production and profitability by selling the final product were calculated. The irrigation increased the development and productivity of coffee. The return on investment took place after the third harvest. Irrigation combined with the sale of certified coffee provided financial balance 1,192% higher than the coffee is not irrigated and non-certified.

Hazards in non-pasteurized milk on retail sale in Brazil: prevalence of Salmonella spp, Listeria monocytogenes and chemical residues

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Biodiversidade: fonte potencial para a descoberta de fármacos

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Estimation of outcrossing rate in a breeding population of Eucalyptus urophylla with dominant RAPD and AFLP markers

Eucalyptus breeding is typically conducted by selection in open-pollinated progenies. As mating is controlled only on the female side of the cross, knowledge of outcrossing versus selling rates is essential for maintaining adequate levels of genetic variability for continuous gains. Outcrossing rate in an open-pollinated breeding population of Eucalyptus urophylla was estimated by two PCR-based dominant marker technologies, RAPD and AFLP, using 11 open-pollinated progeny arrays of 24 individuals. Estimated outcrossing rates indicate predominant outcrossing and suggest maintenance of adequate genetic variability within families. The multilcous outcrossing rate (t(m)) estimated from RAPD markers (0.93 +/- 0.027), although in the same range, was higher (alpha > 0.01) than the estimate based on AFLP (0.89 +/- 0.033). Both estimates were of similar magnitude to those estimated for natural populations using isozymes. The estimated Wright's fixation index was lower than expected based on t, possibly resulting from selection against selfed seedlings when sampling plants for the study. An empirical analysis suggests that 18 is the minimum number of dominant marker loci necessary to achieve robust estimates of t,. This study demonstrates the usefulness of dominant markers, both RAPD and AFLP, for estimating the outcrossing rate in breeding and natural populations of forest trees. We anticipate an increasing use of such PCR-based technologies in mating-system studies, in view of their high throughput and universality of the reagents, particularly for species where isozyme systems have not yet been optimized.

Geographic distribution and associated environments characterization of trichilia catigua A. Juss - Meliaceae in Santa Catarina State - Brazil

A survey was conducted aiming to recognize and characterize the environments of occurrence of Trichilia species and their geographic distribuition, particulary T. catigua A. Juss, in Santa Catarina State. These informations will support a domestication strategy for agricultural production of this spcies. This species is widely used by traditional communities as dye and tonic beverage, as well as digestive and purgative. Some pharmaceutical and beverage industries in Brasil use bark of this species to prepare a tonic drink. There are several common names reffering the species and this situation can promove mistakes in collecting and selling processes. Termperature, soil, vegetational types and edaphoclimatic aspects have great influence on the occurrence of this species. Plant collection strategu was based on herbaria data and field verification. The vouchers were deposited at the Federal University of Parana herbarium (UPCB). The collection sites were geographically located, by latitude and longitude and these data were crossed with climate, soil, temperature, rainfall, altitude and vegetation maps. Catuaba occurs predominantly on a stational semidecidual forest and also on transitional forest with Araucaria and part of Atlantic forest. It is found growing in lower canopy, with fertile soils, and high content of organic matter. The main geomorphological formation are basaltic and the soil types vary from dark red latossol to yellow red latossol, including structured red latossl and cambissol from basaltic and granitic origin.

A relação entre modernização neoliberal e práticas políticas atrasadas no Brasil dos anos 1990

Our goal is to investigate the reasons behind the presence of clientelist-type practices among the popular classes in Brazil, highlighting the decade of the 1990s. Our proposal gives salience to factors regarding the phenomenon's socio-political conjuncture, thereby taking us beyond explanations that rely exclusively on historical-cultural aspects or that sustain an economic bias. We use bibliographic and journalistic sources, from which we develop our own interpretation of the period. Thus, we observe that clientelist practices are encouraged to manifest themselves at the level of national political organization particularly within the federal sphere yet are also reflected at state and municipal levels, due to the coalition of political forces created through the implantation of a neoliberal project in Brazil. The latter has joined modern Brazilian social democracy and old regional oligarchies situated primarily within the PFL, PP, PTB and certain sectors of the PMDB, whose representatives are known for their attachment to patrimonialist and paternalistic practices. The inclusion of the latter in the conservative pact that has promoted neo-liberal political reform has thus meant awarding new value to such practices. Herein lies partial explanation for the vigor with which practices such as fisiologismo, apadrinhamento, abuse of state machinery, buying and selling of votes and clientelism have manifested themselves on the national scene over the course of the 1990s.

Análise da produtividade e viabilidade econômica de quatro sistemas de berçários do camarão-da-Amazônia, Macrobrachium amazonicum

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

O vestuário do negro na fotografia e na pintura: Brasil, 1850-1890

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Análise de dificuldades técnicas e econômicas na inserção da cogeração pelas usinas sucroalcooleiras

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)