Presence of Staphylococcus spp. and Candida spp. in the human oral cavity

A presença de leveduras do gênero Candida e Staphylococcus na cavidade bucal humana é de extrema importância, pois podem atuar como microbiota suplementar e em determinadas situações causar doença bucal ou sistêmica. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi estudar a prevalência de Candida spp. e Staphylococcus spp. na cavidade bucal humana. Enxagüe bucal foi coletado de 68 indivíduos segundo a técnica proposta por Samaranayake e MacFarlane e a seguir semeados em ágar Sabouraud dextrose com cloranfenicol e ágar Baird-Parker. Após crescimento, os microrganismos foram isolados e identificados através de provas bioquímicas. Os dados foram analisados através de análise de variância (ANOVA). Leveduras do gênero Candida foram encontradas em 61,76% dos indivíduos examinados, sendo C. albicans a mais frequentemente isolada. Staphylococcus spp. foram isolados em 95,60% das cavidades bucais, sendo 41 cepas (63%) coagulase-negativas. Das cepas coagulase-positivas, nove eram S. aureus, 11 S. hyicus, e quatro S. schleiferi subespécie coagulans. Não foi observada correlação entre as contagens (UFC) de Candida spp. e Staphylococcus spp. encontradas nos enxagües bucais dos indivíduos examinados.

Enterotoxin genes in coagulase-negative and coagulase-positive staphylococci isolated from bovine milk

The objective of this study was to isolate and identify the main staphylococcal species causing bovine mastitis in 10 Brazilian dairy herds and study their capability to produce enterotoxins. Herds were selected based on size and use of milking technology, and farms were visited once during the study. All mammary glands of all lactating cows were screened using the California Mastitis Test (CMT) and a strip cup. A single aseptic milk sample (20. mL) was collected from all CMT-positive quarters. Identification of Staphylococcus spp. was performed using conventional microbiology, and PCR was used to determine the presence of enterotoxin-encoding genes (sea, seb, sec, and sed). Of the 1,318 CMT-positive milk samples, Staphylococcus spp. were isolated from 263 (19.9%). Of these isolates, 135 (51%) were coagulase-positive staphylococci (CPS) and 128 (49%) were coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS). Eighteen different species of CNS were isolated, among which S. warneri, S. epidermidis and S. hyicus were the most frequent. The distribution of Staphylococcus species was different among herds: S. epidermidis was found in 8 herds, S. warneri was found in 7 herds, and S. hyicus in 6 herds. Some of the CNS species (S. saprophyticus ssp. saprophyticus, S. auricularis, S. capitis, and S. chromogenes) were isolated in only one of the farms. Genes related to production of enterotoxins were found in 66% (n = 85) of all CNS and in 35% of the CPS isolates. For both CNS and CPS isolates, the most frequently identified enterotoxin genes were sea, seb, and sec; the prevalence of sea differed between CPS (9.5%) and CNS (35.1%) isolates. Staphylococcus warneri isolates showed a greater percentage of sea than seb, sec, or sed, whereas S. hyicus isolates showed a greater percentage of sea than sec. Over 60% of CNS belonged to 3 major species, which carried 62.2 to 81.3% of the enterotoxin genes. The high prevalence highlights the potential for food poisoning caused by these species. For possible high-risk situations for food poisoning, such as milk produced with total bacterial counts greater than regulatory levels and stored under inappropriate temperatures, monitoring contamination with CNS could be important to protect human health. Because the prevalence of CNS intramammary infections in dairy herds is usually high, and these species can be found in great numbers in bulk milk, identification of risk factors for production of staphylococcal enterotoxins should be considered in future studies. © 2013 American Dairy Science Association.

Perfil de sensibilidade microbiana, pesquisa de gene mecA de resistência à meticilina e detecção molecular de genes codificadores de enterotoxinas, em espécies de estafilococos coagulase positiva e negativa, isolados de mastites bovinas

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de S��o Paulo (FAPESP)

Caracterização microbiológica, molecular e contagem de células somáticas por citometria de fluxo (Somacount 300®) e por contagem microscopia (Prescott e Breed, 1910) do leite caprino mastítico

Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FMVZ

Indicadores de qualidade do leite de vacas criadas no sistema silvipastoril

Pós-graduação em Cirurgia Veterinária - FCAV

Qualidade do leite de vacas criadas no sistema silvipastoril no Vale do Cauca, Colômbia

The silvopastoral system is characterized by increasing the production of milk with a greater number of cows per hectare due to the higher amount of protein in the diet. In silvopastoral system cows are fed in addition to pasture, small trees and shrubs. The aim of this study was determinate the main indicators of milk quality and mastitis causal agents in cows bred on silvopastoral system. We evaluated the composition (fat, total protein, lactose, solids, dry extract, nonfat dry and urea nitrogen), somatic cell count (SCC), total bacterial count (TBC), occurrence of clinical and subclinical mastitis, microbiological isolation, in vitro antimicrobial sensitivity profile and detection of antimicrobial residues in milk produced by 100 cows raised in silvopastoral systems, as well as the bulk tank and churns in farms of Cauca Valley, Colombia. The concentration of the major constituents of milk were 3.24% fat, 3.27% total protein, 4.40% lactose, 10.62% dry extract, 8.57% nonfat dry and 15.82mg/dL urea nitrogen, while the bulk tank and churns was 3.51% fat, 3.20% total protein, 4.34% lactose, 11.72% dry extract, 8.47% nonfat dry and 14.57mg/dL urea nitrogen. The cell count of the cows and the bulk tank was 141,252.75 CS/mL and 363,078.05 CS/mL respectively. The TBC mean in cows and the bulk tank was 4,466.84 CFU/mL and 24,547.01 CFU/mL respectively. The main microorganisms isolated from the udder cows were Corynebacterium bovis, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus hyicus, Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus dysgalatiae, while the bulk tank were identified more often Streptococcus spp., Enterobacter cloacae, Hafnia alveii, hemolytic Streptococcus and Streptococcus spp. Antimicrobial residues in cow milk and bulk or churn were detected in 30% and 86% respectively. The silvopastoral system showed to be good alternative to milk production in cow. However is important the care with antimicrobial residues in milk and the analysis of all quality parameters to ensure a differentiated product.

Characterization of methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci in milk from cows with mastitis in Brazil

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Presença de Microorganismos dos gêneros staphyococcus e candida na cavidade bucal humana

Pós-graduação em Biopatologia Bucal - ICT

CARACTERIZAÇÃO DO STAPHYLOCOCCUS COAGULASE NEGATIVO ISOLADOS DE QUARTOS MAMÁRIOS DE VACAS COM MASTITE SUBCLÍNICA

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de S��o Paulo (FAPESP)

Detecção de genes de entrotoxinas de Staphylococcus aureus e estafilococos coagulase negativos isolados de leite bovino e de tanques de refrigeração comunitários procedentes de pequenas propriedades da região de Bauru-SP

Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FMVZ