Contributions of ethnobiology to the conservation of tropical rivers and streams

1. This study aimed to link basic ethnobiological research on local ecological knowledge (LEK) to the conservation of Brazilian streams, based on two case studies: original data on LEK of fishermen about freshwater fish in the Negro River, Amazon, and previously published data about LEK of farmers on the ecological relationship between forest and streams in the Macabuzinho catchment, Atlantic Forest.2. Information was obtained from fishermen through interviews using standard questionnaires containing open-ended questions. Informants for interview were selected either following some defined criteria or applying the 'snowball' method.3. Fishermen's LEK about the diets and habitats of 14 fish species in the Negro River provided new biological information on plant species that are eaten by fish, in addition to confirming some ecological patterns from the biological literature, such as dependence of fish on forests as food sources.4. In the Atlantic Forest, a comparison between farmers' LEK and a rapid stream assessment in the farmers' properties indicated that farmers tended to overestimate the ecological integrity of their streams. Farmers recognized at least 11 forest attributes that correspond to the scientific concept of ecosystem services. Such information may be useful to promote or enhance dialogue among farmers, scientists and managers.5. These results may contribute to the devising of ecosystem management measures in the Negro River, aimed to conserve both rivers and their associated floodplain forests, involving local fishermen. In the Atlantic Forest, we proposed some initiatives, such as to allow direct economic use of their forests to conciliate conflicting perceptions of farmers about ecological benefits versus economic losses from reforestation. Despite their cultural, environmental and geographical differences, the two study cases are complementary and cost-effective and promising approaches to including LEK in the design of ecological research. Copyright (C) 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

A new method to quantify macroalgae and a practical sampler for experimentation in lotic habitats

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Piranha attacks in dammed streams used for human recreation in the State of São Paulo, Brazil

Ataques por piranhas vêm se tornando um problema comum em trechos represados de rios e córregos no estado de São Paulo, Sudeste do Brasil. em dois surtos ocorridos em dois municípios vizinhos no noroeste do estado, 74 banhistas foram mordidos. Uma mordida por pessoa foi registrada, em curto período do ano. As mordidas estão relacionadas a cuidado parental e/ou defesa do território de desova, o que reforça estudos anteriores e desmistifica os ataques por este peixe lendário, da maneira como são popularmente percebidos. A colocação de redes de malha fina e a remoção de vegetação aquática cessaram os ataques.

Ichthyofauna of the rio Itatinga in the Parque das Neblinas, Bertioga, São Paulo State: composition and biogeography

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Physicochemical features of rivers and lakes in pantanal wetland

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Estrutura de um trecho de floresta Amazônica na bacia do alto rio Xingu

Este estudo apresenta a estrutura de florestas em Gaúcha do Norte-MT (13° 10'S e 53° 15' O), na borda sul-amazônica. Para o levantamento fitossociológico, três áreas amostrais de 1ha foram subdivididas em 50 parcelas de 10x20m, nas quais foram amostrados todos os indivíduos com perímetro à altura do peito (PAP) >15 cm. Para verificar a similaridade estrutural entre as áreas utilizou-se a Análise de Correspondência. As espécies indicadoras dos ambientes de interflúvio e das áreas sujeitas à inundação foram obtidas através do TWINSPAN e de um sistema de pesos. Concluiu-se que as florestas presentes na bacia do rio Pacuneiro pertencem à mesma unidade fitogeográfica, mas com subtipos florísticos e estruturais de acordo com a posição no relevo, a proximidade dos cursos d'água e o estrato analisado, apresentando predominância de algumas espécies, ou até mesmo possíveis endemismos, em determinados trechos ou estratos. A formação apresentou baixa diversidade alfa (2,91 a 3,50) e beta (3,62 a 3,86), o que não é comum em florestas amazônicas. Várias hipóteses podem explicar essa baixa diversidade, entre elas a baixa precipitação e a alta sazonalidade, o ambiente físico regional aparentemente homogêneo e favorável às espécies competidoras, ou os eventos históricos, relacionados à possível exploração por tribos indígenas ou à recente expansão dessas florestas sobre as áreas savânicas.

Oferta de micro-hábitats artificiais em riachos degradados: respostas das comunidades de peixes e macroinvertebrados

Pós-graduação em Biologia Animal - IBILCE

Comunidade de macroinvertebrados bentônicos e qualidade da água e do sedimento das bacias hidrográficas dos rios Lavapés, Capivara, Araquá e Pardo, município de Botucatu(SP) e região

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Estudo lexical do patrimônio linguístico-cultural de Curuçá-PA: vocábulos de pesca

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Ação mitigadora de faixa de contenção em lavouras de algodão sobre a contaminação de recursos hídricos superficiais por resíduos de pesticidas

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Distribuição de macrófitas aquáticas em relação a um gradiente ambiental na bacia do Rio Itanhaém, SP

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Diagnóstico ambiental no período frio e seco do Córrego Bandeirantes, município de Rio Claro, SP: parâmetros físicos, químicos e físico-químicos

The present study was concerned with checking the water quality, the recovery of the riparian vegetation and vegetation around the springhead of stream Bandeirantes, such as the inadequate disposal of waste along this stream, which is located in Rio Claro, SP, in the period from March to July of 2010. Aiming to propose mitigation measures to reverse the degradation processes and develop activities to help a better awareness of the population directly related to this water resource. The water quality was analyzed by performing monthly sampling in three different points along the stream. The first point of sampling is in the spring of the stream, the second at the region called estradão and the third near its mouth, when it flows into the Ribeirão Claro, a tributary of the right bank of the Corumbataí river. It was calculated from the Water Quality Index (WQI) developed by Cetesb. The results were compared with current law. The riparian vegetation, which is responsible for the protection of rivers and streams, was observed and examined during the field work. The results indicated the stream as class 2 and the WQI has been classified, in the most of the analysis, such as a water of good quality. However, some parameters showed a worrying situation and highlighted the current situation, with waste deposits, furniture and animal waste into the pit of the stream studied

Análise da dinâmica do uso da terra e sua interferência em enchentes na área urbana do município de Americana (SP)

Due to an intense process of population growth and urban density in Americana (SP), mainly due to the development of the local textile industry after 1970, there was, concomitant to the occupation of the margin of rivers and streams, soil sealing that increased the level of superficial runoff, triggering frequent floods. Based on the analysis of these processes we investigate the conditions of one densely urbanized area of the county, the Córrego do Parque, in three time series, 1977, 1996 and 2008. Taking as the starting the characterization and spatial distribution of landscape physiography, we prepared thematic letters and synthetic maps digital scale 1:10,000 from photointerpretation of aeroframes. The thematic maps were produced by scanning with subsequent edition using the software Auto-Cad Map. Checking the data and of geographic coordinates with GPS (Global Positioning System). Regarding land use classes, we used the description of the Soil Conservation Service (1975) which allowed us to get the Curve Number parameter, which will be used in hydrologic modeling for verification of flooding (Tucci, 1989). For the process of hydrologic modeling, we used models based on Methodology Object Oriented Modeling Applied to Water Resource Systems, Viegas Filho (1999), using the computer program called IPHS1, which uses models of the Soil Conservation Service (SCS , 2004), for conversion of rainfall-runoff and the spread of excessive rain. The results indicate that increased waterproofing generated by the change in use and occupation over the past decades promoted the increased surface runoff and drainage system overload, increasing the intensity of floods

Estudo comparativo de parâmetros limnológicos de duas bacias de drenagem da região centro-sul do Estado do Paraná, sul do Brasil

Two drainage basins located in the mid-southern region of Paraná state were comparatively studied for analysis of limnological characteristics in lotic ecosystems. Ten segments of rivers and streams were evaluated in each basin, from June 4th through to June, 29th , 2007. The following physical and chemical parameters were measured: water temperature, specific conductance, oxygen saturation, pH, turbidity, current velocity and depth. The two drainage basins presented similar nominal values for all parameters investigated. There were significant differences between the two environments in relation to temperature, pH, and oxygen saturation. Cluster analysis revealed five small groups of samplings, each one with particular limnological characteristics. The Principal Components Analysis (PCA) confirmed the difference among the drainage basins. These results suggest an influence of regional and local factors in limnological characteristics of rivers and streams in the studied drainage basins.

Distribuição de bivalve invasor Limnoperna fortunei (Dunker, 1857) na Bacia do Rio Prata após vinte anos (1991-2014) de sua introdução na America do Sul

Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Zoologia) - IBB