80 resultados para Refino de petróleo
em Repositório Institucional UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista "Julio de Mesquita Filho"
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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This study used a multi-analytical approach based on traditional microbiological methods for cultivation and isolation of heterotrophic bacteria in the laboratory associated with the molecular identification of the isolates and physicochemical analysis of environmental samples. The model chosen for data integration was supported by knowledge from computational neuroscience, and composed by three modules: (i) microbiological parameters, contemplating taxonomic data obtained from the partial sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene from 80 colonies of heterotrophic bacteria isolated by plating method in PCA media. For bacterial colonies isolation were used water samples from Atibaia and Jaguarí rivers collected at the site of water captation for use in effluent treatment, upstream from the entrance of treated effluent from the Paulínia refinery (REPLAN/Petrobras) located in the Paulínia-SP municipality, from the output of the biological treatment plant with stabilization pond and from the raw refinery wastewater; (ii) chemical parameters, ending measures of dissolved oxygen (DO), chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chloride, acidity CaCO3, alkalinity, ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, dissolved ions, sulfides, oils and greases; and (iii) physical parameters, comprising the pH determination, conductivity, temperature, transparency, settleable solids, suspended and soluble solids, volatile material, remaining fixing material (RFM), apparent color and turbidity. The results revealed interesting theoretical relationships involving two families of bacteria (Carnobacteriaceae and Aeromonadaceae). Carnobacteriaceae revealed positive theoretical relationships with COD, BOD, nitrate, chloride, temperature, conductivity and apparent color and negative theoretical relationships with the OD. Positive theoretical relationships were shown between Aeromonadaceae and OD and nitrate, while this bacterial family showed negative theoretical...
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Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Biologia Celular e Molecular) - IBRC
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The petrochemical industry represents a sector of intense activity, in constant expansion and great economic importance for Brazil. In order to be used in various human activities petroleum needs to suffer a refinement process that, besides requiring large amounts of water, produces large amounts of wastes, which are discharged in hydric resources. Petroleum is a complex mixture mainly comprised by hydrocarbons, many of them are recognized as toxic chemicals, which are able to induce a considerable environmental pollution. Since water is an important resource for the maintenance of ecosystems and is also the final receiver of effluent discharges of the petroleum industry, there is an imminent need to monitor, constantly, the hydric resources that are influenced by this industrial activity, so that it can be ensured the environmental health. This study aimed, mainly, to analyze the quality of water samples derived from refinement process performed of the largest petroleum refinery in Brazil (REPLAN), in distinct steps of the industry treatment, and waters of rivers associated to its activity. Micronuclei and Nuclear Abnormalities tests were performed in erythrocytes of the fish species Oreochromis niloticus exposed to water samples derived from refinery use and to rivers under the influence of their effluents, in order to evaluate its possible toxic, genotoxic and mutagenic effects. The results obtained show that the treatment carried out by the refinery, during the evaluated periods, was effective, since the substances present in the water samples did not induce significant genotoxic and/or mutagenic alterations in the genetic material of the test organisms. On the other hand, when the substances present in the refinery effluent mix with the ones derived from other industrial activities developed upstream of this industry, the resultant compound, in some periods, presented genotoxic potencial, characterized by a rise of erythrocytic...
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Os efluentes de indústrias, como refinarias e petroquímicas, frequentemente contém elevadas concentrações de substâncias tóxicas, dentre elas, os compostos fenólicos. Estas substâncias, mesmo em pequenas quantidades, afetam as propriedades organolépticas da água, além de que durante o processo de cloração da água potável, podem ser transformadas em clorofenóis e policlorofenóis, pela reação com o cloro, formando substâncias com características carcinogênicas. Neste sentido, o refino do petróleo produz grande variedade de poluentes cujas propriedades modificam-se em função dos processos utilizados. Os fenóis são compostos tóxicos, com características fungicida e desinfetante, sendo tóxico para a maioria dos microrganismos, além de apresentarem ação de carcinogenicidade, mutagenicidade e serem recalcitrantes, acumulam-se nos corpos receptores, gerando danos à saúde e à vida aquática. No entanto, embora o fenol possua ação bactericida, alguns microrganismos adquiriram a habilidade de se adaptar e utilizar este composto como fonte de carbono e energia. O presente trabalho pretendeu selecionar linhagens bacterianas, a partir do efluente de uma refinaria de petróleo, da região de Paulínia – SP, que sejam capazes de utilizar altos teores de fenóis como fonte de carbono e energia para seu crescimento e desenvolvimento, a fim de serem aplicadas nas estações de tratamento de efluentes industriais, com foco nas refinarias de petróleo. Foram isoladas 3 linhagens a partir das amostras enriquecidas do efluente da refinaria e, após os ensaios, constatou-se que 1 linhagem apresentou resistência à concentração de fenol de 1.000 mg.L-1. Os ensaios de biodegradação e crescimento em fenol como única fonte de carbono, demonstraram que estas linhagens são capazes de biodegradar aproximadamente 20% do fenol disponível no meio, no período de 24 horas. A quantificação do fenol residual foi realizada em...
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This paper presents a study based on literature and examples found on literature of the potential of petroleum gas to be used as a primary source to generate electricity. The steady increase electricity demand in Brazil makes desirable an effective use of all available primary sources, combined with this need the momentum of the country with the discovery of the presalt reserves becomes interesting the use of this gas, often wasted, for generating electricity. The electricity generation in this work is illustrated by the cogeneration in oil refining plants that have the combined cycle thermal operation. The ultimate goal is to provide a text to identify the advantages, disadvantages and trends of this type of generation
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Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Biologia Celular e Molecular) - IBRC
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Pós-graduação em Geociências e Meio Ambiente - IGCE
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Pós-graduação em Economia - FCLAR
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Pós-graduação em Engenharia Mecânica - FEG
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Oil is a hydrocarbon mixture of various sizes, including saturated and aromatic compounds. Natural gas is a mixture of gaseous hydrocarbons and its main component is methane. In our society, the great demand for these fuels requires fast extraction, transportation and refining, increasing the number of accidents that compromise the environment. Oil is a finite resource and it is necessary to reduce the problems related to the question concerning environmental pollution which has encouraged the search for alternative fuel sources in our country. So today we have two major biofuels: ethanol and biodiesel. Concurrently, many studies have been done directed toward the isolation of microorganisms capable of degrading petrochemical industrial wastes, most of them using as a source of isolation soil and water collected in a contaminated environment. Isolation from alternative substrates has emerged as a new strategy that has provided satisfactory results. In this work, we present the leaf-cutter ants of the Attini tribe as a source for the isolation of micro-fungi with the potential for hydrocarbon degradation. These insects have a social way of life and a highly specialized system of intra and interspecific communication, which is based on the recognition of individuals through volatile chemical compounds, the majority hydrocarbons, stored in their exoskeleton. The micro-environment exoskeleton of Attini ants (genus Atta) used in this work proved to be a rich source of microbial biodiversity, as other studies have found. The flotation isolation technique applied here allowed the achievement of 214 micro-fungi, 118 representatives of the dematiaceous fungi group and 96 hyaline filamentous fungi. They were submitted to toluene degradation tests and at least one strain of each genus presented good results, namely Teratosphaeria, Exophiala, Cladosporium, Penicillium, Aspergillus... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Neste trabalho são apresentadas duas técnicas para a avaliação da dispersão, num corpo d'água receptor, do efluente líquido de uma refinaria de petróleo. Assim, a pluma de dispersão foi caracterizada por medidas em campo de condutividade elétrica e por simulação computacional (simulador Cormix). Como caso de estudo, escolheu-se uma refinaria de petróleo cujo efluente é lançado no rio Atibaia (Paulínia/SP). O comportamento do efluente foi avaliado em um trecho de 1000 m após o ponto de lançamento. Os resultados demonstraram que a medição da condutividade elétrica é uma técnica adequada para a avaliação da dispersão de efluentes líquidos de refinaria de petróleo, pois apresentam alta condutividade elétrica e, com isso, há um forte contraste entre os valores do efluente e do rio. Além disso, outros parâmetros de qualidade da água do rio seguiram comportamento de dispersão semelhante ao da condutividade. A pluma de dispersão gerada pelo simulador computacional apresentou uma elevada concordância com os dados obtidos em campo. Nesse sentido, a simulação computacional pode ser uma ferramenta útil para a avaliação da dispersão do efluente considerando-se cenários hipotéticos, e para projetos de emissários.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)