Rural property size drives patterns of upland and riparian forest retention in a tropical deforestation frontier

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Implantação de Reservas Legais: uma nova perspectiva na conservação dos recursos naturais em paisagem rural

According to the Forest Code of 1965, it is mandatory that every rural property destine part of its land to the establishment of Legal Reserves. When a diagnosis is made over all Brazil, the reality is quite different from what is demanded by law. Therefore, this work, as a general objective, proposes ways of establishing Legal Reserves based on the analysis of the environmental deterioration in a river basin. For this purpose, the environmental deterioration was detected based on three diagnoses: physical-conservational, socioeconomical, and environmental quality. In this way, from a quantitative and qualitative diagnosis, it was possible to identify the main aggressive factors in the studied river basin and to indicate the main vulnerabilities that the area is subjected. According to such diagnosis, some proposals for the establishment of Legal Reserves are discussed here based on scientific arguments aimed at the conservation of water resources, soil and biodiversity. It is hoped, that from this study, the environment receives a new tool for diagnosis, pollution control, recovery and conservation of natural resources.

Transformações no espaço rural do norte pioneiro paranaense: estratégias de resistência e/ou permanência dos agricultores familiares no município de Jacarezinho/PR

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

The impact of the law 10,267/2001 in the brazilian rural registration

The publication of the Law 10,267 of 08/28/2001 changed the paradigm of rural registration in Brazil, because this law known as the Law of Georeferencing has created the National Registration of Rural Property, that unifies in a common basis different registrations present in several government agencies, such as the National Institute for Colonization and Agrarian Reform (INCRA), the Secretariat of Federal Revenue, the Brazilian Institute of Environment and Natural Resources, and the National Indian Foundation. Also, this new registration system has a graphical component which has not existed until such date, where the boundaries of rural property are georeferenced to the Brazilian Geodetic System. This new paradigm has resulted in a standardization of the survey and its representation of rural properties according to the Technical Standard for Georeferencing of Rural Properties, published by INCRA in compliance with the new legislation. Due to the georeferencing, the creation of a public GIS of free access on the Internet was possible. Among the difficulties found it may be observed the great Brazilian territory, the need for specialized professionals, and especially the certification process that INCRA has to perform for each georeferenced property. It is hoped that this last difficulty is solved with the implementation of the Land Management System that will allow automated and online certification, making the process more transparent, agile and fast.

Aplicação de técnicas alternativas para recuperação de foco eosivo em área rural situada no município de Álvares Machado – SP Presidente Prudente 2012

When handling soil conservation practices isn’t applied correctly, they cause problems at the level of structure, cohesion and fertility in soils and lack of water availability. In the case of this monograph, conducted in a rural property located at Álvares Machado City, identified that most areas are intended for use activities of beef cattle and dairy and subsistence agriculture, which historically addition to withdraw native flora, resulting in problems such as compaction and increase soil exposure to climatic agents, generating a serious frame of erosion problems. In the case of water from rainfall, the soil exposed, causes the “splash” effect and therefore when it becomes runoff carries the spalled particles mainly for low land areas. Without the vegetation, especially trees or shrubs species, the velocity of runoff increases, initiating the appearance of furrows, which consequently may become a kind of ravine erosion and gully, which makes invalid any area in your surroundings... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Energetic exploitation from a hybrid PV-wind power micro-generation rural electrification

Hybrid system micro-generation integration of PV-wind power is presented by a form of energy in which problems resulting from variability in the intensity of wind and solar intensity are possible mitigation either by complementation between one source to another or the largest stability configured by the generate the system. Based on this context, this work aims to assessing the performance of a hybrid system PV-wind power energy small of a rural property for their electrification. The study has been developed at the Rural Laboratory Powering from Engineering Department of UNESP. In order to present this research, a hybrid system has been installed PV-wind power, composed of one 400Wp windmill and a 300 Wp PV-system. The results obtained allowed us to evaluate the solar and wind energy supplied ranked among 285 and 360 kWh electric power generated by the PV-wind power hybrid system stood between 25,5 and 31 kWh. At is to say achieving yield of approximately than 10% during one year observation period, i.e., it was concluded that the performance of the hybrid system depended essentially the energy received and generated by the PV-system and that there was complementation between generating wind power and PV-systems with regard to time of day and the annual seasons by confirming the technical feasibility of this kind system of micro-generation in small rural properties.

Occurrence of Lutzomyia longipalpis (Phlebotominae) and canine visceral leishmaniasis in a rural area of Ilha Solteira, SP, Brazil

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Geração de energia por microturbina alimentada à biogás em uma propriedade rural: estudo de caso

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

As políticas públicas ambientais e a dinâmica do espaço rural no município de Araras (SP)

Historically the evolution of the occupation of ararense territory was due to the expansion of agricultural activities. Such activities were intensified with the transformations engendered by the Green Revolution, increasing the exploitation, the area occupied by agriculture and the deforestation and consequent environmental degradation. Therefore the current reality of rural areas in Araras/SP has shown that part of agricultural practices made it does not guarantee the effectiveness of environmental legislation and the sustainability of farms. Considering the recently implemented environmental policies, such as Law nº 12.651 / 2012, better known as New Forest Code and Decree nº 8.235 / 2014 establishing a period of one year to rural property registered with the Rural Environmental Registry (CAR), as tools targeting to reduce environmental degradation and contribute to building a sustainable rural development. This work aims to analyze the dynamics of the rural municipality of Araras on the environmental situation in some rural properties and actions to be taken by the owners to the full compliance of its properties before the environmental public policy

Economic viability of the piaucu Leporinus macrocephalus (Garavello & Britski, 1988) production

Brazilian fish farms presented an accelerated development during the early 90's, mainly because of the increase in fee-fishing operations. To meet the demand of this market, fish production and supply became excessive and, as a consequence, the number of fee-fishing operations, farmers and the final selling price, decreased. This study analyzes the technical aspects, production cost, profitability and economic viability of the production of piaucu (L. macrocephalus) in ponds, based on information from a rural property. Feeding and fingerling costs amount to approximately 47.1 % of the total production cost, representing together with the final selling price the most important factor affecting profitability. The payback period was 8.3 years, the liquid present value US$ 291.07, the internal return margin 9%, and the income-outcome ratio was 1.01, which represents an unattractive investment as a projection based on current conditions. The improvement in productive efficiency enhances the economic valuation index, and that the relative magnitude of cost and income are the most important points for the economic viability of the studied farm.

Avaliação econômica de sistemas agroflorestais implantados para recuperação de reserva legal no Pontal do Paranapanema, São Paulo

O Pontal do Paranapanema, extremo oeste do Estado de São Paulo, é conhecido em todo o Brasil devido aos conflitos pela posse da terra, protagonizados pelo Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra (MST), que transformou significativamente a paisagem da região, onde atualmente se observam pequenas ilhas de assentamentos rurais imersos numa matriz de grandes pastagens. O Código Florestal prevê que esses assentamentos, assim como qualquer propriedade rural, deve manter 20% de sua área com cobertura vegetal arbórea. Essa área, conhecida como Reserva Florestal Legal, deve ser restaurada, caso não exista. Assim, esta pesquisa se desenvolveu no assentamento Santa Zélia, Município de Teodoro Sampaio, São Paulo, numa área de 15 ha de Reserva Legal. Seis famílias desse assentamento foram responsáveis pela restauração da área, através de módulos agroflorestais (Taungya) temporários. Dois indicadores foram utilizados para avaliação econômica da produção agrícola na área: Valor Presente Líquido (VLP) e Relação Benefício-Custo (RB/C). Os resultados indicaram valores positivos em todas as famílias analisadas, levando à conclusão de que sistemas agroflorestais podem ser adotados na recuperação de áreas de reserva legal em propriedades rurais. Sua maior ou menor viabilidade econômica irá depender de um manejo mais intenso na área para produção agrícola e de preços satisfatórios para venda no mercado.

ENCORE: Enhanced Galileo code receiver for surveying applications

In this paper we describe the development of a low-cost high-accuracy Galileo Code receiver, user application software and positioning algorithms for land management applications, which have been implemented using a dedicated FPGA board and dual frequency Galileo E5/L1 Radio Frequency Front-End. The current situation of rural property surveying in Brazil is described and the use of code measurements from the new Galileo signals E5 AltBOC combined with E1 MBOC for use in land management applications is explored. We explain how such approach is expected to allow delivering an absolute positioning solution which could bridge the gap between receivers of high cost/complexity/accuracy based on carrier phase and receivers of lower cost/accuracy based on pseudorange observables. The system is presented together with a detailed description of main components: the Code Receiver and the Application Software. The work presented is part of an ongoing European-Brazilian consortium effort to explore the use of new Galileo for land management applications in Brazil and sponsored by the GNSS Supervisory Authority (GSA).

Reforma agrária e desenvolvimento sustentável: aspectos obrigacionais e instrumentos legais de proteção

Pós-graduação em Direito - FCHS

Variabilidade espacial de atributos químicos do solo em Araguari-MG

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Análise econômica da produção de feijão, milho e soja com e sem irrigação no município de Itaí-SP

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Energia na Agricultura) - FCA