Diferentes percepciones de un mismo ambiente: la cuestión del género en la enseñanza de la ciência

This paper relates some considerations resulting from a thesis study in Biological Sciences held at Universidade Estadual Paulista - Unesp, Bauru Campus. Considering the perceptual act endowed with simultaneous actions of the cognitive apparatus and the individual's life history as the merleau-pontyana phenmomenon tells us, the work aimed to identify how boys and girls in elementary school realize a natural savanna. The study was realized with the extension project "Walking and learning at the cerrado” in the Center for Memory and Dissemination of Science and Technology (CDMCT) of Postgraduate Education for Science in the same institution. Classes were held in these practical activities, monitored by undergraduate and graduate students, and, the project focuses on students from public and private schools in Bauru and region, and other visiting groups. Data collection was performed using the representations in the form of free drawings of students of their environment after the activity. Through qualitative and quantitative analysis, the results allowed us to highlight differences in the way in which genders perceived and thus represented the fragment of cerrado vegetation. The male drawings contained a larger amount of non-living elements, whereas the representations by women, besides their botanical details, often drew on animals and people. The framework of the drawings by the boys took the nearest way, whereas by the girls more often considered the representations and the entire context of the site visited. So, we emphasize the need for further discussions within the perception of the environment to consider differences in the representations of boys and girls within the context of the teaching of natural sciences, seeking, however, to avoid unsubstantiated preconceptions that may cause any degree of discrimination.

Curandeirismo e o campo da saúde no Brasil

O objetivo geral do presente artigo é colaborar para a discussão sobre o campo da saúde. Especificamente, pretende-se contribuir para a reflexão do poder médico hegemônico e suas relações com as práticas relacionadas às curandeirices. Considerando a teoria do campo e do habitus de Pierre Bourdieu, discute-se sobre o curandeirismo com base em uma revisão do conceito de transe no campo intelectual como objeto do habitus científico formado entre a prática médica e a prática religiosa. Finalmente, por meio de temas contemporâneos compartilhados pelas Ciências Sociais e pela Saúde Coletiva, indica-se como o curandeirismo - aspecto negativo para o campo médico - transforma-se em aspecto positivo no campo da Saúde Coletiva.

Práticas Educativas Comparadas em Educação do Campo e os Desafios da Formação Omnilateral na América Latina

This text aims to present the challenges and opportunities of omnilateral formation in Latin America as elaborated in Villela (2009-2010). This work has the horizon systematize the educational practices of the "Third World ", i.e. originating from the educational experience of Latin America, Africa and Asia. In the struggle for emancipation, these countries have built and are building unique educational practices. In this sense, we start questioning the historical and theoretical topic, omnilateral formation, and deployment, we discuss the Latin American school and omnilateral formation. We question specifically issues relating to “intellectuals and the organization of culture” in "schools in the countryside" in Cuba (1960- 1975). The issue of "intellectuals and the organization of culture", in a gramscian perspective (GRAMSCI, 2000), was addressed in several works throughout our academic career (VILLELA, 2003; 2008; 2009-2010). In order to further these issues, we address the challenges of formation for children and youth of the field in Latin America. By analyzing the educational practices in the schools in the countryside, emerges the theme of contemporary global justice.

Contribuições da psicologia histórico-cultural para a educação do campo

Este artículo tiene como objetivo presentar los supuestos básicos de la psicología histórico-cultural con el fin de aclarar sus contribuciones a la educación del campo. Esta teoría psicológica, cuya base filosófica es lo materialismo histórico-dialéctico, afirma el carácter social de la psique humana y la apropiación de signos como estera del desarrollo ilumina el papel indispensable de la educación escolar en la formación de los individuos. En este sentido, aborda los siguientes temas: historia y fundamentos filosóficos-metodológicos de la sicología histórico-cultural; diferenciación entre las propiedades psíquicas heredadas por la naturaleza (funciones síquicas básicas) y aquellas culturalmente formadas (funciones síquicas superiores); expresiones ontogenéticas de la producción y interiorización de la cultura; relaciones de intercondicionabilidad entre prácticas sociales y comportamientos complejos culturalmente formados. Como conclusión señala las alianzas entre la matriz psicológica resaltada y la pedagogía histórico-crítico, ya que para ambas teorías no son cualquiera modelo de educación escolar que apoyan la formación de las personas, sino más bien, una que les ofrece los contenidos culturales históricamente sistematizados y aprobados por la práctica social de todos los hombres.