The transformation between exploration and exploitation applied to inventors of packaging innovations

While the inventor is often the driver of an invention in the early stages, he/she needs to move between different social networks for knowledge in order to create and capture value. The main objective of this research is to propose a literature-based framework based on innovation network theory and complemented with C-K theory, in order to analyze the invention/innovation process of inventors and the product concepts in a packaging industry context. Empirical input from three case studies of packaging inventions and their inventors is used to elaborate the suggested framework.The article identifies important gaps in the literature of innovation networks. This is addressed through a theoretical framework based on network theories, complemented with C-K theory for the product design level. The strength-of-ties dimension of the theoretical framework suggests, in agreement with the mainstream literature and the cases presented, that weak ties are required to access the knowledge related to exploration networks and strong ties are required to utilize the knowledge in the exploitation network. The transformation network is an intermediate step acting as a bridge where entrepreneurs can find required knowledge. The transformation network is also an intermediate step where entrepreneurs find financing and companies interested in commercializing inventions. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Vocal Fold Nodules: Morphological and Immunohistochemical Investigations

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Numerical exploration of resonant dynamics in the system of Saturnian major satellites

We numerically investigate the long-term dynamics of the Saturnian system by analyzing the Fourier spectra of ensembles of orbits taken around the current orbits of Mimas, Enceladus, Tethys, Rhea and Hyperion. We construct dynamical maps around the current position of these satellites in their respective phase spaces. The maps are the result of a great deal of numerical simulations where we adopt dense sets of initial conditions and different satellite configurations. Several structures associated to the current two-body mean-motion resonances, unstable regions associated to close approaches between the satellites, and three-body mean-motion resonances in the system, are identified in the map. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Radon in groundwaters from Guarany aquifer, South America: environmental and exploration implications

Groundwater and sandstone samples were analyzed for radon in Guarany aquifer, Parana sedimentary basin, South America. The dissolved radon ranged between 3 and 3303 pCi/l, being lognormally distributed, with a modal value of 1315 pCi/l, and a median value of 330 pCi/l. Rn-222 leakage experiments for sandstones yielded a theoretical value of 1390 pCi/l for Rn-222 in water, showing that theoretical modeling can reliably be used to interpret laboratory and field data. (C) 2002 Elsevier B.V. Ltd. All rights reserved.

Recombination nodules in coleopteran species: Palembus dermestoides(Tenebrionidae) and Epicauta atomaria (Meloidae)

This work describes the first report about the occurrence of recombination nodules (RNs) in spread pachytene cells of two species of Coleoptera: Palembus dermestoides (Tenebrionidae) and Epicauta atomaria (Meloidae). The RNs were observed in preparations contrasted with phosphotungstic acid. Considering RN morphology and its occurrence in pachytene bivalents (one per autosome bivalent) these structures were interpreted to be late RNs. P. dermestoides and E. atolraria have 2n = 20 chromosomes including an Xyp sex determination system. In spite of most frequently subtelocentric morphology observed in the autosomes of both species, the occurrence of RNs is limited only to the synaptonemal complex (SC) structure of the long arms. These findings are in agreement with those obtained using light microscopy analysis in which only one chiasma or terminalization event is observed per autosomal bivalent in early or late metaphase I cells. The RNs have the same average width of the SC of each analyzed species, a circular shape, strong electron density, and are observed mainly between the lateral elements of the SC. The RNs of P. dermestoides and E. atomaria have approximately the same average size (width), 180 +/- 20 nm and 160 +/- 80 nm, respectively. The absence of RNs in the short arms and its occurrence in the long arms are discussed considering the short arm pericentromeric and pro-centric heterochromatin. Copyright (C) 2003 S. Karger AG, Basel

Sn-polymetallic greisen-type deposits associated with late-stage rapakivi granites, Brazil: fluid inclusion and stable isotope characteristics

Tin-polymetallic greisen-type deposits in the Itu Rapakivi Province and Rondonia Tin Province, Brazil are associated with late-stage rapakivi fluorine-rich peraluminous alkali-feldspar granites. These granites contain topaz and/or muscovite or zinnwaldite and have geochemical characteristics comparable to the low-P sub-type topaz-bearing granites. Stockworks and veins are common in Oriente Novo (Rondonia Tin Province) and Correas (Itu Rapakivi Province) deposits, but in the Santa Barbara deposit (Rondonia Tin Province) a preserved cupola with associated bed-like greisen is predominant. The contrasting mineralization styles reflect different depths of formation, spatial relationship to tin granites, and different wall rock/fluid proportions. The deposits contain a similar rare-metal suite that includes Sri (+/-W, +/-Ta, +/-Nb), and base-metal suite (Zn-Cu-Pb) is present only in Correas deposit. The early fluid inclusions of the Correas and Oriente Novo deposits are (1) low to moderate-salinity (0-19 wt.% NaCl eq.) CO2-bearing aqueous fluids homogenizing at 245-450 degreesC, and (2) aqueous solutions with low CO2, low to moderate salinity (0-14 wt.% NaCl eq.), which homogenize between 100 and 340 T. In the Santa Barbara deposit, the early inclusions are represented by (1) low-salinity (5-12 wt.% NaCl eq.) aqueous fluids with variable CO2 contents, homogenizing at 340 to 390 T, and (2) low-salinity (0-3 wt.% NaCl eq.) aqueous fluid inclusions, which homogenize at 320380 degreesC. Cassiterite, wolframite, columbite-tantalite, scheelite, and sulfide assemblages accompany these fluids. The late fluid in the Oriente Novo and Correas deposit was a low-salinity (0-6 wt.% NaCl eq.) CO2-free aqueous solution, which homogenizes at (100-260 degreesC) and characterizes the sulfide fluorite-sericite association in the Correas deposit. The late fluid in the Santa Barbara deposit has lower salinity (0-3 wt.% NaCl eq.) and characterizes the late-barren-quartz, muscovite and kaolinite veins. Oxygen isotope thermometry coupled with fluid inclusion data suggest hydrothermal activity at 240-450 degreesC, and 1,0-2.6 kbar fluid pressure at Correas and Oriente Novo. The hydrogen isotope composition of breccia-greisen, stockwork, and vein fluids (delta(18)O quartz from 9.9parts per thousand to 10.9parts per thousand, deltaDH(2)O from 4.13parts per thousand to 6.95parts per thousand) is consistent with a fluid that was in equilibrium with granite at temperatures from 450 to 240 degreesC. In the Santa Barbara deposit, the inferred temperatures for quartz-pods and bed-like greisens are much higher (570 and 500 degreesC, respectively), and that for the cassiterite-quartz-veins is 415 degreesC. The oxygen and hydrogen isotope composition of greisen and quartz-pods fluids (delta(18)O(qtz-H2O)=5.5-6.1parts per thousand) indicate that the fluid equilibrated with the albite granite, consistent with a magmatic origin. The values for mica (delta(18)O(mica-H2O)=33-9.8parts per thousand) suggest mixing with meteoric water. Late muscovite veins (delta(18)O(qtz-H2O)=-6.4parts per thousand) and late quartz (delta(18)O(mica-H2O)=-3.8parts per thousand) indicate involvement of a meteoric fluid. Overall, the stable isotope and fluid inclusion data imply three fluid types: (1) an early orthomagmatic fluid, which equilibrated with granite; (2) a mixed orthomagmatic-meteoric fluid; and (3) a late hydrothermal meteoric fluid. The first two were responsible for cassiterite, wolframite, and minor coluChange in the redox conditions related to mixing-of magmatic and meteoric fluids favored important sulfide mineralization in the Correas deposit. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Thermal behaviour of polymetallic metal carbonyls with Fe-Fe, Fe-Hg and Hg-Hg bonds containing Lewis bases.

The thermal behaviour of polymetallic metal carbonyls containing Fe-Fe, Fe-Hg and Hg-Hg bonds and Lewis bases, such as [Fe-3(CO)(8)(L)(2)] (L = 1,10-phenantroline,2,2'-bipyridine), [Fe(CO)(4)(HgCl)(2)] and [Fe(CO)(4)(HgCl)(2)(L)(2)] (L = 1,10-phenantroline,2-quinolinethiol), have been investigated by thermal analysis (TG), Thermal studies give evidence that the thermal decomposition mechanisms and starting temperatures are strongly influenced by the Lewis bases. The thermal decompositions under synthetic air yielded, in all cases, the final solid product Fe2O3 which presence was confirmed by X-ray powder diffraction technique.

Coordinated views to assist exploration of spatio-temporal data: a case study

In this paper we focus on providing coordinated visual strategies to assist users in performing tasks driven by the presence of temporal and spatial attributes. We introduce temporal visualization techniques targeted at such tasks, and illustrate their use with an application involving a climate classification process. The climate classification requires extensive Processing of a database containing daily rain precipitation values collected along over fifty years at several spatial locations in the São Paulo state, Brazil. We identify user exploration tasks typically conducted as part of the data preparation required in this process, and then describe how such tasks may be assisted by the multiple visual techniques provided. Issues related to the use of the multiple techniques by an end-user are also discussed.

Employing 2D Projections for Fast Visual Exploration of Large Fiber Tracking Data

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Interaction in culture medium of acttnomycetes and native fungi wtth rhizobia that form nodules in Neonotonia wighth lackley (perennial soybean)

The relationship between soil fungi and actinomycetes, with rhizobia that produce nodulation in Neonotonia wightii (perennial soybean) was studied in culture medium in order to obtain material to be used in mixed inoculations of this legume. A field experiment was designed to provide soil samples and isolate microorganisms belonging to these groups that are capable of interfering in the development of two selected rhizobium strains. Results show that the Bradyrhizobium strains used in the experiment, which are efficient in nodulation of Neonotonia wightii, are highly sensitive to substances produced in the culture medium by actinomycetes and fungi.

The use of shallow seismic reflection technique in near surface exploration of urban sites: An evaluation in the city of SãO Paulo, Brazil

In order to evaluate the use of shallow seismic technique to delineate geological and geotechnical features up to 40 meters depth in noisy urban areas covered with asphalt pavement, five survey lines were conducted in the metropolitan area of São Paulo City. The data were acquired using a 24-bit, 24-channel seismograph, 30 and 100 Hz geophones and a sledgehammer-plate system as seismic source. Seismic reflection data were recorded using a CMP (common mid point) acquisition method. The processing routine consisted of: prestack band-pass filtering (90-250 Hz); automatic gain control (AGC); muting (digital zeroin) of dead/noisy traces, ground roll, air-wave and refracted-wave; CMP sorting; velocity analyses; normal move-out corrections; residual static corrections; f-k filtering; CMP stacking. The near surface is geologically characterized by unconsolidated fill materials and Quaternary sediments with organic material overlying Tertiary sediments with the water table 2 to 5 m below the surface. The basement is composed of granite and gneiss. Reflections were observed from 40 milliseconds to 65 ms two-way traveltime and were related to the silt clay layer and fine sand layer contact of the Tertiary sediments and to the weathered basement. The CMP seismic-reflection technique has been shown to be useful for mapping the sedimentary layers and the bedrock of the São Paulo sedimentary basin for the purposes of shallow investigations related to engineering problems. In spite of the strong cultural noise observed in these urban areas and problems with planting geophones we verified that, with the proper equipment, field parameters and particularly great care in data collection and processing, we can overcome the adverse field conditions and to image reflections from layers as shallow as 20 meters.

Conceptual model for adaptable and extensible visual data exploration

Interactive visual representations complement traditional statistical and machine learning techniques for data analysis, allowing users to play a more active role in a knowledge discovery process and making the whole process more understandable. Though visual representations are applicable to several stages of the knowledge discovery process, a common use of visualization is in the initial stages to explore and organize a sometimes unknown and complex data set. In this context, the integrated and coordinated - that is, user actions should be capable of affecting multiple visualizations when desired - use of multiple graphical representations allows data to be observed from several perspectives and offers richer information than isolated representations. In this paper we propose an underlying model for an extensible and adaptable environment that allows independently developed visualization components to be gradually integrated into a user configured knowledge discovery application. Because a major requirement when using multiple visual techniques is the ability to link amongst them, so that user actions executed on a representation propagate to others if desired, the model also allows runtime configuration of coordinated user actions over different visual representations. We illustrate how this environment is being used to assist data exploration and organization in a climate classification problem.

Clinical diagnosis and histological analysis of vocal nodules and polyps

Recent studies emphasize the importance of the clinical-histology correlation in laryngeal pathologies. Objective: To compare the ENT diagnosis with the pathology diagnosis one of 132 surgical specimens, from 119 patients with vocal nodules and polyps. Method: Retrospective study. We investigated the paraffin blocks corresponding to the lesions of the operated patients. We made new histology cross-sections, totaling 396 new slides, divided into three groups: hematoxylin and eosin, Gomori trichrome and PAS. We analyzed the following histological parameters: epithelium, lamina propria, basement membrane, vascular changes. We compared the laryngological and pathological diagnoses, and we did the statistical analysis, checking the predominant histological aspects in each lesion. Results: There was an agreement between the clinical and pathological diagnoses in 123 (93.18%) of 132 lesions analyzed (42.42% nodules and 50.76% polyps). In the histological parameters we found: epithelial changes such as nodules hyperplasia (82.14%) and polyp atrophy (31.34%). Lamina propria: edema in polyps (71.43%), fibrosis in the nodules (57.14%). Basement membrane: thickened nodules (100%), thin/no change in polyps (100%). There was a predominance of vascular changes in the polyps. Conclusion: We found a high correlation between the ENT diagnosis and the pathology report. Histopathologically, the nodules presented with predominantly epithelial changes, lamina propria and basement membrane fibrosis, while the polyps by changes strictly on the lamina propria and vascular aspects.