Application of cellulose modified with p-aminobenzoic groups in preconcentration system for determination of Cu, Fe, Ni, and Zn in fuel ethanol samples by flame atomic absorption spectrometry

Cellulose chemically modified with p-aminobenzoic groups, abbreviated as Cel-PAB, was used for preconcentration of copper, iron, nickel, and zinc from ethanol fuel, normally used in Brazil as engine fuel. The surface characteristics and the surface area of the cellulose were obtained before and after chemical modification using FT-IR, elemental analysis, and surface area analysis (B.E.T.). The retention and recovery of the analyte elements were studied by applying batch and column techniques.

Treatment of simulated wastewater containing n-phenyl-n-isopropyl-p-phenylenediamine using electrolysis system with Ti/TiRuO2 electrodes

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Karyotype description and evidence of multiple sex chromosome system X1X1X2X2/X1X2Y in Potamotrygon aff. motoro and P. falkneri (Chondrichthyes: Potamotrygonidae) in the upper Paraná River basin, Brazil

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

The distribution of the P-M hybrid dysgenesis system in Drosophila melanogaster strains from Brazil

Wild-caught flies of Drosophila melanogaster from seven natural populations of extreme regions of Brazil (Sao Luis, MA; Teresina, PI; Rio Cipo, MG; Maringa, PR; Sao Jose do Rio Preto, SP; Joinville, SC; and Porto Alegre, RS) were studied with the purpose of evaluating hybrid dysgenesis due to mobilization of P elements and the regulatory capacity of the strains' cytotypes. Diagnostic crosses were made and the strains classified according to their P-M phenotypes. Four strains were classified as moderate P (MA, MG, PI, and SP), two as Q (PR and RS) and one as M' (SC). Females of southern strains (PR, SC, and RS) presented in A crosses lower degrees of gonadal dysgenesis scores than those from northern strains (MA and PI).

Oxidation of p,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDE in highly and long-term contaminated soil using Fenton reaction in a slurry system

The degradation of DDT [1,1-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethane] and DDE [2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethylene] in highly and long-term contaminated soil using Fenton reaction in a slurry system is studied in this work. The influence of the amount of soluble iron added to the slurry versus the mineral iron originally present in the soil, and the influence of H2O2 concentration on the degradation process are evaluated. The main iron mineral species encountered in the soil, hematite (Fe2O3), did not show catalytic activity in the decomposition of H2O2, resulting in low degradation of DDT (24%) and DDE (4%) after 6 h. The addition of soluble iron (3.0 mmol L-1) improves the reaction reaching 53% degradation of DDT and 46% of DDE. The increase in iron concentration from 3.0 to 24 mmol L-1 improves slightly the degradation rate of the contaminants. However, similar degradation percentages were obtained after 24 h of reaction. It was observed that low concentrations of H2O2 were sufficient to degrade around 50% of the DDT and DDE present in the soil, while higher degradation percentages were achieved only with high amounts of this reagent (1.1 mol L-1). (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

NMR structural study on the As-P-S glassy system

Glasses having the composition As2S3(1-x)-P2S5(x) with x ranging from 0 to 0.7 have been investigated to determine the compositional effect on properties and local structure. Glass transition temperature (T,) decreases and molar volume (V,,) increases with an increase in P content. Using P-31 NMR, we measured the strength of the P-31-P-31 magnetic dipolar interaction in the glass samples and the AsPS4 crystallized phase. Based on these data, we observed the formation of the As2P2S8 network, which reflects an increase in the average coordination number and a decrease in the degree of rigidity.

Testing transposable elements as genetic drive mechanisms using Drosophila P element constructs as a model system

The use of transposable elements (TEs) as genetic drive mechanisms was explored using Drosophila melanogaster as a model system. Alternative strategies, employing autonomous and nonautonomous P element constructs were compared for their efficiency in driving the ry(+) allele into populations homozygous for a ry(-) allele at the genomic rosy locus. Transformed flies were introduced at 1%, 5%, and 10% starting frequencies to establish a series of populations that were monitored over the course of 40 generations, using both phenotypic and molecular assays. The transposon-borne ry(+) marker allele spread rapidly in almost all populations when introduced at 5% and 10% seed frequencies, but 1% introductions frequently failed to become established. A similar initial rapid increase in frequency of the ry(+) transposon occurred in several control populations lacking a source of transposase. Constructs carrying ry(+) markers also increased to moderate frequencies in the absence of selection on the marker. The results of Southern and in situ hybridization studies indicated a strong inverse relationship between the degree of conservation of construct integrity and transposition frequency. These finding have relevance to possible future applications of transposons as genetic drive mechanisms.