Aquaculture Research and Development as an Entry-Point and Contributor to Natural Resources and Coastal Management

Recent, fervent international dialogue concerning the existence and magnitude of impacts associated with aquaculture has had both positive and negative outcomes. Aquaculture stakeholders have become sensitized to requirements for improved environmental management of aquaculture. on the other hand, in some cases aquaculture development has been negatively affected by some of the unwarranted and unproved allegations to the detriment of the stakeholders most in need of aquaculture development (i.e., resource users, particularly the poor, who are dependent on natural resources). These resource users are targeted by, and directly influence biodiversity and conservation agendas; hence the need to understand how to gain their active participation. This discussion focuses on examples of how aquaculture research and development can be a useful tool or strategy for resource management initiatives and provide tangible positive including increased stakeholder participation and cooperation, offering alternatives to resource extraction and use in otherwise difficult or intransigent resource management conflicts.

Influence of Hydatidiform Mole Follow-Up Setting on Postmolar Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia Outcomes A Cohort Study

OBJECTIVE: To assess the influence of hydatidiform mole (HM) management setting (reference center versus other institutions) on gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) outcomes. METHODS: This cohort study included 270 HM patients attending Botucatu Trophoblastic Diseases Center (BTDC, São Paulo State University, Brazil) between January 1.990 and December 2009 (204 undergoing evacuation and entire postmolar follow-up at BTDC and 66 from other institutions [OIs]). GTN characteristics and outcomes were analyzed and compared according to HM management setting. The confounding variables assessed included age, gravidity, parity, number of abortions and HM type (complete or partial). Postmolar GTN outcomes were compared using Mann-Whitney's test, chi(2) test or Fisher's exact test.RESULTS: Postmolar GTN occurred in 34 (34/204= 16.7%) BTDC patients and in 27 (27/66=40.9%) of those initially treated in other institutions. BTDC patients showed lower metastasis rate (5.8% vs. 48%, p = 0.003) and lower median FIGO (2002) score (2.00 0.00, 3.001 vs. 4.00 [2.00, 7.00], p = 0.003]. Multiagent chemotherapy to treat postmolar GTN was required in 2 BTDC cases (5.9%) and in 8 OI cases (29.6%) (p = 0.017). Median time interval between molar evacuation and chemotherapy onset was shorter among BTDC patients (7.0 [6.0, 10.0] vs. 10.0[7.0, 16.0], p = 0.040). CONCLUSION: BTDC patients showed GTN characteristics indicative of better prognosis. This underscores the importance of GTD specialist centers. (J Reprod Med 2012;57:305-309)

Management of a complicated crown-root fracture using adhesive fragment reattachment and orthodontic extrusion

Dental trauma is more common in young patients and its sequelae may impair the establishment and accomplishment of an adequate treatment plan. This paper reports a case of complicated crown-root fracture in a young adult that was treated using adhesive tooth fragment reattachment and orthodontic root extrusion. Considering the time elapsed to follow up, the fracture extension, the amount of remaining root portion and the patient's low socioeconomic status, the treatment approach proposed for this case provided good functional and aesthetic outcomes. Clinical and radiographic results after 2 years were successful. This case report demonstrates the importance of establishing a multidisciplinary approach for a successful dental trauma management.

Management of Osteonecrosis of the Jaws in Patients With History of Bisphosphonates Therapy

Bisphosphonates are compounds used in the treatment of various metabolic and malignant bone diseases. The relation between the use of bisphosphonates and ostenonecrosis of the jaws as an adverse effect of the drug has been intensely discussed during the last few years, and up to this moment, there is no consensus concerning an ideal treatment modality for this condition. Nevertheless, there is an agreement among researchers that the standard goal for controlling jaw osteonecrosis is to prevent it. Otherwise, the rationale for a randomized controlled trial is that current treatment has proven to be suboptimal, and no consensus has been reached yet on the best strategies to repair the exposed bone once bone necrosis is developed. This article is focused on reporting a case of moderate osteonecrosis of the upper jaw induced by bisphosphonates and discusses a possible role for surgical debridement associated to platelet-rich plasma, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, and the cessation of the bisphosphonate use in managing this type of lesion. Moreover, the dentist, the oral surgeon, and the oncologist need to work together to reach better outcomes.

Using the bottom-up and outside-in sequence for panfacial fracture management: Does it provide a clinical significance?

Panfacial fractures usually refer to simultaneous facial fractures, which affect the upper, middle, and lower thirds of the face. The management of panfacial fracture is complex because of the lack of reliable landmarks. Literature has shown many approaches for management of panfacial fractures. Every segment of bone has a precise function in the repair. Therefore, the bottom-up and outside-in sequence is the most widely used approach in the management of panfacial fractures. These facial fractures present remarkable challenges for both experienced and inexperienced surgeons. This article aimed to report a case of a panfacial fracture (mandibular condylar and symphysis fractures associated with an atypical Le Fort III fracture) in a 48-year-old man. The patient was successfully treated using bottom-up and outside-in sequence by accessing all facial injuries. Postoperatively, radiograph examination revealed good reduction and fixation of titanium plates, and physical examination revealed good functional and esthetic outcomes. Copyright © 2013 by Mutaz B. Habal, MD.

Benefits of soil carbon: report on the outcomes of an international scientific committee on problems of the environment rapid assessment workshop

A Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment Rapid Assessment (SCOPE-RAP) workshop was held on 18-22 March 2013. This workshop was hosted by the European Commission, JRC Centre at Ispra, Italy, and brought together 40 leading experts from Africa, Asia, Europe and North and South America to create four synthesis chapters aimed at identifying knowledge gaps, research requirements, and policy innovations. Given the forthcoming publication by CABI of a book volume of the outcomes of the SCOPE-RAP in 2014, this workshop report provides an update on the global societal challenge of soil carbon management and some of the main issues and solutions that were identified in the four working sessions.