Controlled release system for ametryn using polymer microspheres: Preparation, characterization and release kinetics in water

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Cardiac glycosides isolated from the Indian-snuff, Maquira sclerophylla Ducke

The hydroalcoholic extract of the powdered bark of the Indian-snuff Maquira sclerophylla Ducke was purified by column chromatography in silica-gel and the major cardenolide isolated from preparative TLC was identified by 1H-NMR, 1 2 C-NMR and IR analyses. The spectra showed that the active substance has strophanthidin as aglicone.

Efficacy and total release interval of mating disruption pheromone on the control of pink bollworm - Pectinophora Gossypiella - in cotton under field conditions in Brazil

This experiment was developed in order to evaluation the efficiency of pheromone to control the pink bollworm and the total time of its release in cotton field. The experiment was installed in field conditions, in Chapadao do Sul/SP/Brazil, from January to April, 1998. The treatments consisted of 2 areas, being one of 30ha, where it was applied the pheromone and another of 10ha that was chosen as control area and did not receive pheromone. In the treated area, the laboratory synthesized sex pheromone (PB-Rope) was used thought of dispensers that allowed the slow and gradual release of the active substance. A total of 250 dispenser per hectare were evenly hand distributed in the area. The dispensers were wrapped around the plants. Both areas (treated area and untreated area) were monitored by delta trap. For evaluation of the boll damage, the treatment area was divided into 4 sub-areas. Twenty five green bolls were collected at random from each sub-area at 48 and 65 days after pheromone treatment. Bolls were cracked open by hand, and number of the bolls with symptoms of pink bollworm attacks was recorded. For evaluation of the productivity four areas were demarcated in each treatment, where all fibers and seeds harvested were weighted. Release rate of pheromone from dispenser was evaluated through of the weigh of the dispensers. Were marked and weighed in analytic scale, 20 dispensers contend the pheromone, being placed 10 dispensers under the cotton plants in treated area and other 10 dispensers in an open area. To every 15 days the dispensers were retired and weighed in analytic scale and soon after put back in the field in the same places. The results showed that only one application of mating disrupt pheromone, used in a dosage of 250 dispenser/ha, reached 80% of control for pink bollworm. the release period of pheromone from dispenser, after the application, was 120 days.

Air-assistance in spray booms which have different spray volumes and nozzle types for chemically controlling spodoptera frugiperda on corn

The study aimed to evaluate the performance of air assistance in spray booms using different types of nozzles and spray volumes. We took into account spray deposits, fall armyworm control and crop corn performance in a narrow row cropping system. The experiment was carried out at the experimental area of Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu/SP, Brazil, during the 2008/2009 agricultural season, in randomized blocks with a factorial scheme (2×2+1) and four replications. Two spray nozzles (flat fan nozzle and hollow cone nozzle) were tested, combined with two air assistance levels in the spray boom (with and without air assistance) and a treatment control. In the experimental spraying, Spinosad insecticide was sprayed in amounts of 48 g active substance (a.s.)/ha. The air assistance in the spray boom increased the spray deposits in the V 4 growth stage of the corn plants. Moreover, the application of this technology showed higher efficiency on fall armyworm control, reaching a 100% level 15 days after spraying, in the V 10 growth stage of the plants. The hollow cone nozzle increased the spray deposit level on the corn plants compared with the flat fan nozzle, at growth stage V 4. However, the flat fan nozzle, combined with air assistance technology, was more effective for controlling fall armyworm in the same growth stage (V 4), although the hollow cone nozzle increased the deposit levels on the plants. All the technologies tested in the study promoted a reduction of plant damage from fall armyworm attack. Corn productivity is directly related to the control efficiency of fall armyworm.

Desenvolvimento de métodos analíticos qualitativos para a análise de darunavir comprimidos

Darunavir is a protease inhibitor used in the treatment of HIV infection. It is a pillar of the drug cocktail for patients diagnosed with the virus. Quality control in the pharmaceutical industry, to verify the content of active substance and study the physicochemical characteristics of the drug, is essential to ensure final product quality. Until now, standardized methods for the analysis of darunavir have not been available in official compendia. This justifies new research, to develop and validate analytical methods, as well as physicochemical and pharmaceutical analysis for this drug, both as a raw material and a finished product. Thus, in this study, (a) the average weight of darunavir tablets and (b) the melting point of the pure drug were determined, and the following analytical techniques were performed: (c) thin-layer chromatography, (d) ultraviolet spectroscopy, (e) infrared spectroscopy and (f) high performance liquid chromatography. By developing the above techniques, it is possible to make a qualitative assessment of the quality of darunavir tablets.

Perfil fenotípico e de expressão de proteínas de Cryptococcus neoformans após tratamento com substâncias obtidas da planta Pterogyne nitens

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Changes in the synganglion of Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille,. 1806) (Acari: Ixodidae) female ticks exposed to permethrin: An ultrastructural overview

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

A critical review of analytical methods for determination of ertapenem sodium

Antimicrobials have unquestionable importance in the control of many diseases; however the constant concern with evolution of resistant microorganisms is increasing. The ertapenem sodium is a β-lactam antibiotic of the carbapenem class, which it has a broader activity spectrum than most other β-lactam antimicrobials, and is more resistant to the enzyme β-lactamase, which is the main mechanism of resistance of many bacteria. The progress of microbial resistance to existing antibiotics is alarming. Thus we need to preserve antimicrobials that still have activity against these pathogens. In this context, the quality control has a key role to ensure the correct dosage, by contributing preventively to minimize the development of resistant microorganisms. Study of the physicochemical characteristics of the drug and the quantification of the content of active substance are of fundamental importance for the pharmaceutical industry to ensure the quality of the product sold. This work presents a literature survey of existing methods for ertapenem sodium quantification which was performed. Ertapenem sodium can be analyzed by many types of assays; however the HPLC is the most used method. This review will examine the published analytical methods reported for determination of ertapenem sodium, in biological fluids and formulations.

A first-derivative spectrophotometric method for the determination of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride in ophthalmic solution

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Active planar waveguides based on sol-gel Er3+-doped SiO2-ZrO2 for photonic applications: Morphological, structural and optical properties

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Optical chemical sensors using polythiophene derivatives as active layer for detection of volatile organic compounds

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

SrMoO4 powders processed in microwave-hydrothermal: Synthesis, characterization and optical properties

In this work, we report on the synthesis of SrMoO4 powders by co-precipitation method and processed in a microwave-hydrothermal at 413 K for 5 h. These powders were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform Raman (FT-Raman), ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) absorption spectroscopy and photoluminescence (PL). XRD analyses revealed that the SrMoO4 powders are free of secondary phases and crystallize in a tetragonal structure. FT-Raman investigations showed the presence of Raman-active vibration modes correspondent for this molybdate. UV-vis technique was employed to determine the optical band gap of this material. SrMoO4 powders exhibit an intense PL emission at room temperature with maximum peak at 540 nm (green region) when excited by 488 nm wavelength of an argon ion laser. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Ferroelectric and optical properties of Ba0.8Sr0.2TiO3 thin film

Barium strontium titanate (Ba0.8Sr0.2TiO3) thin films have been prepared on Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrates using a soft solution processing. X-ray diffraction and also micro-Raman spectroscopy showed that the Ba0.8Sr0.2TiO3 thin films exhibited a tetragonal structure at room temperature. The presence of Raman active modes was clearly shown at the 299 and 725 cm(-1) peaks. The tetragonal-to-cubic phase transition in the Ba0.8Sr0.2TiO3 thin films is broadened, and suppressed at about 35 degreesC, with a maximum dielectric constant of 948 (100 kHz). Electrical measurements for the prepared Ba0.8Sr0.2TiO3 thin films showed a remnant polarization (P-r) of 6.5 muC/cm(2), a coercive field (E-c) of 41 kV/cm, and good insulating properties. The dispersion of the refractive index is interpreted in terms of a single electronic oscillator at 6.97 eV. The direct band gap energy (E-g) and the refractive index (n) are estimated to be 3.3 eV and n = 2.27-2.10, respectively. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics.

Multiple active levels in Bi12TiO20 crystals

The existence of multiple active levels in a photorefractive Bi12TiO20 crystal is here investigated at 514.5nm wavelength. We carry out two-wave mixing experiments using symmetrically incident beams of equal intensities. A large amplitude fast phase modulation in one of the beams reduces the fringes visibility and improves the detection of the generated frequency modulated signals in both (R and S) output directions. Diffraction efficiencies of the phase (photorefractive) and the absorption (photochromic) gratings are quantitatively computed as functions of the grating period. Results show that the absorption grating has two distinct components: one associated to the photorefractive trap density modulation and another related to local light-induced effects between different levels. The photorefractive grating was also investigated at 633nm and 594nm (besides 514.5nm) and a significant quenching of the photorefractive effect was observed at these wavelengths.

Er3+-doped germanate glasses for active waveguides prepared by Ag+/K+ <-> Na+ ion-exchange

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)