Cryopreservation, early seedling development, and genetic stability of Oncidium flexuosum Sims

An efficient cryopreservation protocol was developed for mature seeds of Oncidium flexuosum Sims. Seed morphology, protocorm formation, and early seedling development were also assessed. The effects of phloroglucinol and Supercool X-1000® as cryoprotectant additives in the vitrification solution were investigated. Dehydration using the plant vitrification solution 2 (PVS2) for 60 and 120 min prior to immersion in liquid nitrogen promoted the highest frequency of in vitro seed germination 6 weeks following culture on half-strength Murashige and Skoog (1/2 MS) medium. Mature seeds submitted to vitrification for 120 min in PVS2 and 1 % phloroglucinol at 0 °C enhanced germination by 68 %, whereas in PVS2 and 1 % Supercool X-1000® germination was just moderately enhanced (26 %). In vitro-germinating seedlings developed healthy shoots and roots without the use of plant growth regulators. After 6 months of growth, there were no differences between in vitro- and ex vitro-grown seedlings for various phenotypic characteristics, including shoot length, number of leaves, number and length of roots, and fresh and dry weight. Seedlings were transferred to greenhouse conditions and successfully acclimatized, further developing into normal plants with over 90 % survival. Comparative analysis of seedlings from control and vitrified seeds using flow cytometry indicated that no change in ploidy levels occurred as a result of cryopreservation, therefore maintaining seedlings genetic stability. In this study, vitrification with PVS2 for 120 min with the addition of 1 % phloroglucinol offers a simple, safe, and feasible protocol for cryopreservation of O. flexuosum mature seeds. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.

Criopreservação, indução de poliploidia e avaliação da estabilidade genética de orquídeas

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Genética e Melhoramento de Plantas) - FCAV

Longevity of Oncidium varicosum (Orchidaceae) inflorescences treated with 1-methylciclopropene

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Armazenamento refrigerado de inflorescências cortadas de Oncidium varicosum 'Samurai'

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Effect of different pulse treatments on vase life of inflorescences of oncidium varicosum 'Samurai'

Oncidium varicosum is a species of orchid that is prevalent in South America. This species produces yellow flowers, which are commonly named golden shower, ballet dancer and Anita's flower. The study of the post-harvest physiology of flowers involves examination of factors related to quality loss of cut flowers, which is related not only to several physiological processes but also to interactions between the floral components and qualitative factors. In this context, our research involved the study of physiological aspects of the post-harvest physiology of cut inflorescences of Oncidium varicosum ('Samurai') after treatment with pulsing solutions containing silver salts, 8-HQC and sucrose. A reduction of relative water content of Oncidium flowers treated with pulsing STS (2 mM) was observed. The soluble carbohydrates and reducing sugars content decreased, and higher contents were measured in flowers treated with STS (2 mM). All parameters related to flower coloration were reduced in all treatments. Similar results were obtained for carotenoid content, except for the STS treatment (2 mM), which differed significantly from the other treatments on the 8th and 12th days of vase life. The inflorescences' longevity varied from 12 days (distilled water) to 15 days (STS 2 mM).

Estudo fitoquímico e busca de substâncias bioativas de Chrysophyllum flexuosum (Sapotaceae)

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Resíduos agrícolas e argila expandida no cultivo da orquídea Oncidium baueri Lindl.

For orchid cultivation in containers is essential to select the right substrate, since this will influence the quality of the final product, it serve as a support for the root system of the plants. This study aimed to evaluate different agricultural residues and expanded clay in Oncidium baueri Lindl. orchid cultivation. The plants were subjected to treatments: pinus husk + carbonized rice husk, pinus husk + coffee husk, pinus husk + fibered coconut, pecan nut husk, expanded clay, fibered coconut, coffee husk, carbonized rice husk, pinus husk. After eleven months of the experiment, the following variables were evaluated: plant height; largest pseudo-bulb diameter; number of buds; shoot fresh dry matter; the longest root length; number of roots; root fresh matter; root dry matter; and electric conductivity; pH and water retention capacity of the substrates. Except the expanded clay, the other substrates showed satisfactory results in one or more traits. Standing out among these substrates pinus husk + coffee husk and pine bark + fibered coconut, which favored the most vegetative and root characteristic of the orchid. The mixture of pinus husk + coffee husk and pinus husk + fibered coconut, provided the best results in vegetative and root growth of the orchid Oncidium baueri and the expanded clay did not show favorable results in the cultivation of this species.

Flora Polínica da Reserva do Parque Estadual das Fontes do Ipiranga (São Paulo, Brasil): Família: 136-Solanaceae

Foram estudados os grãos de pólen de 12 gêneros e 41 espécies de Solanaceae ocorrentes na Reserva do Parque Estadual das Fontes do Ipiranga: Acnistus arborescens (L.) Schlecht., Athenaea picta (Mart.) Sendtn., Brunfelsia latifolia Benth., Brunfelsia pauciflora (Cham. & Schlecht.) Benth., Capsicum flexuosum (L.) Sendtn., Capsicum villosum (L.) Sendtn., Cestrum amictum (L.) Schlecht., Cestrum corymbosum (L.) Schlecht., Cestrum lanceolatum (L.) Miers, Cestrum schlechtendalii (L.) G. Don, Cestrum sendtnerianum (L.) Mart. ex Sendtn., Cyphomandra diploconos Sendtn., Cyphomandra velutina Sendtn., Dyssochroma viridiflora (Sims) Ducke, Nicotiana langsdorffii (Weinm.) Roem. & Schult., Physalis peruviana L., Physalis viscosa L., Sessea brasiliensis Tol., Solandra grandiflora Sw, Solanum americanum Mill., Solanum atropurpureum Schrank., Solanum bullatum Vell., Solanum capsicoides Allion., Solanum cernuum Vell., Solanum concinnum Schott ex Sendtn., Solanum didynum Dun., Solanum diflorum Vell., Solanum excelsum St. Hil. ex Dun., Solanum granuloso-leprosum Dun., Solanum hoehnei Morton, Solanum inaequale Vell., Solanum inodornum Vell., Solanum lycocarpum St. Hil. ex Dun., Solanum mauritianum Scop., Solanum paniculatum L., Solanum rufescens Sendtn., Solanum sisymbriifolium Lam., Solanum swartzianum Roem. & Schult., Solanum vaillantii Dun., Solanum variabile Mart., Solanum viarum Dun. São apresentadas descrições para todas as espécies estudadas, ilustrações, observações e seis chaves polínicas.

Composição florística e estrutura da comunidade arbórea na transição da Floresta Ombrófila Densa das Terras Baixas - Floresta Ombrófila Densa Submontana do Núcleo Picinguaba/PESM, Ubatuba, sudeste do Brasil

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Composição florística de um trecho de floresta ripária na Mata Atlântica em Picinguaba, Ubatuba, SP

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)