Controlled transscleral drug delivery formulations to the eye: establishing new concepts and paradigms in ocular anti-inflammatory therapeutics and antibacterial prophylaxis

Importance of the field: The use of topical agents poses unique and challenging hurdles for drug delivery. Topical steroids effectively control ocular inflammation, but are associated with the well-recognized dilemma of patient compliance. Although administration of topical antimicrobials as prophylaxis is acceptable among ophthalmologists, this common practice has no sound evidence base Developing a new antimicrobial agent or delivery strategy with enhanced penetration by considering the anatomical and physiological constraints exerted by the barriers of the eye is not a commonly perceived strategy. Exploiting the permeability of the sclera, subconjunctival routes may offer a promising alternative for enhanced drug delivery and tissue targeting.Area covered in this review: Ocular drug delivery strategies were reviewed for ocular inflammation and infections clinically adopted for newer class of antimicrobials, which use a multipronged approach to limit risks of endophthalmitis.What the reader will gain: The analysis substantiates a new transscleral drug delivery therapeutic approach for cataract surgery.Take home message: A new anti-inflammatory and anti-infective paradigm that frees the patient from the nuisance of topical therapeutics is introduced, opening a large investigative avenue for future improved therapies.

Aquatic macrophyte distribution in relation to water and sediment conditions in the Itaipu Reservoir, Brazil

Aquatic macrophyte community distribution along the eastern shoreline of the Itaipu Reservoir (one of the South America's largest impoundments) is described in relation to limnological and sedimentological factors. The central body of the reservoir is mesotrophic, while the arms (flooded influent river valleys) along the eastern shore may be oligo-mesotrophic to eutrophic, depending on time of year and sub-catchment characteristics. Macrophyte community composition and species cover were surveyed at 30 sites in four arms, in relation to sediment total P and organic matter; underwater light regime; and water total P and Kjeldahl N concentration, alkalinity, conductivity, depth and pH. Seventeen euhydrophyte and six emergent macrophyte species were recorded. Large stands of Egeria najas dominated the euhydrophyte vegetation, together with free-floating weed species (Pistia stratiotes Linn., Salvinia auriculata Aublet and Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms.). Canonical Correspondence Analysis of the data showed that two sets of variables were important predictors of aquatic macrophyte community structure. Floating macrophyte assemblage was closely related to concentration of nutrients in both water and sediment, while light penetration was the strongest predictor of submerged species occurrence. Although a large number of potential nuisance species were present, dense growths were restricted to shallower areas of the Itaipu Reservoir, causing localised problems. The possibility of increasing interference by these plants with fisheries, recreational use, transport and hydroelectricity generation suggests a need for continued monitoring of weed distribution and abundance, and investigation of appropriate management measures.

The signature of dark energy perturbations in galaxy cluster surveys

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Aquatic macrophytes of Itaipu Reservoir, Brazil: Survey of species and ecological considerations

In a survey of the aquatic macrophytes of the Itaipu Reservoir, we identified 62 taxa in 25 families and 42 genera. The highest number taxa was observed for the emergent macrophytes (40 taxa). Reduced fluctuation in water level, increased light penetration, and sediment enrichment by nutrients and organic matter following the formation of the reservoir favored the appearance of a species-rich community of submerged macrophytes (23% of the taxa identified). The aquatic macrophytes were found mainly near the mouths of the main tributaries of the reservoir, in shallow area of depth less than 2 meters. In addition to the shallow depth, the greater nutrient input from the tributaries and relative protection from wind explained this distribution. Among the species found, Egeria najas merits mention for its occurrence in all localities sampled, with biomass values varying between 98 and 186 gDW/m2. Some potential nuisance species such as Eichhornia crassipes, Salvinia auriculata, and Pistia stratiotes also deserve attention, since they were also observed to be covering large areas of Itaipu Reservoir. © 1999, Paraná Institute of Technology Publication.

Quantum gauge boson propagators in the light front

Gauge fields in the light front are traditionally addressed via, the employment of an algebraic condition n·A = 0 in the Lagrangian density, where Aμ is the gauge field (Abelian or non-Abelian) and nμ is the external, light-like, constant vector which defines the gauge proper. However, this condition though necessary is not sufficient to fix the gauge completely; there still remains a residual gauge freedom that must be addressed appropriately. To do this, we need to define the condition (n·A) (∂·A) = 0 with n·A = 0 = ∂·A. The implementation of this condition in the theory gives rise to a gauge boson propagator (in momentum space) leading to conspicuous nonlocal singularities of the type (k·n)-α where α = 1, 2. These singularities must be conveniently treated, and by convenient we mean not only mathemathically well-defined but physically sound and meaningful as well. In calculating such a propagator for one and two noncovariant gauge bosons those singularities demand from the outset the use of a prescription such as the Mandelstam-Leibbrandt (ML) one. We show that the implementation of the ML prescription does not remove certain pathologies associated with zero modes. However we present a causal, singularity-softening prescription and show how to keep causality from being broken without the zero mode nuisance and letting only the propagation of physical degrees of freedom.

Sistemas de produção de mudas cítricas em viveiros protegidos no Estado de São Paulo

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Horticultura) - FCA

Falso trabalho de parto: compreendendo os motivos da procura precoce à maternidade através da fenomenologia social

Pós-graduação em Enfermagem (mestrado profissional) - FMB

Una lapide in via Mazzini: os sofrimentos em Auschwitz e os desafios da tradução

Giorgio Bassani in his book Una lapide in via Mazzin seeks to show to the readers all the sufferings passed by Italians during the Second World War and emphasized those persists until today. Aiming to make an unprecedented translation of this tale, it is expected that the text provides us great experiences in the language and we could see the actual difficulties and differences with the Portuguese language, despite being considered these languages closed ones. The objective of this work is to produce a translation that allows us to transmit all anxieties and reflections suffered by the main character of the tale. After the war, the survivor of the concentration camp can go back to your city. He appears exactly at the moment is being placed a headstone on the synagogue wall in homage to Jews deported and killed in the camps. Given the gaunt figure of the man with his striped pajamas, the population is driven to rethink their own indifference and , in a way, its share of blame. Thus, the return should be celebrated is rejected and the figure of the survivor becomes a nuisance. The function of the headstone is actually and literally put a stone on the story. To achieve the proposed objective for this work, we analyzed all the chapters of the story Una lapide in via Mazzini and tried to find equivalents in Portuguese. However, we not ignored the traces of meaning that Giorgio Bassani invested in his work. Therefore, it was necessary to use both printed and virtual dictionaries. With the advancement of the translation work, we realized the difficulty of finding appropriate solutions to achieve the desired effect . The fidelity proposed by the author became increasingly difficult as our work progressed. In the course of all the discussions, it was concluded that , in fact , when it comes to translation, maintaining fidelity to the original text in a foreign language is a difficult and laborious process

Necessidade de ancoragem do grupo A e o controle biomecanico da mola T pré-ativada por curvatura para o fechamento de espacos

Contemporary orthodontics has sought, beyond the esthetic, occlusal and functional goals, treatments even faster and with less visits to the orthodontist — especially in patients that require dental extractions in which the generated space becomes a nuisance. The segmented arch technic (SAT), by the use of a "T" loop spring, has provided such results within these requirements. Therefore, this study aimed to appraise and demonstrate the confection, activation and biomechanical control of "T" loop spring, in the group with high anchorage necessity (group A), for retraction of anterior teeth; as well as to present a case report, with high anterior retraction necessity, treated with "T" loop spring.

Aplicação do enxerto conjuntivo subepitelial para recobrimento de recessões em dentes inferiores

Some regions of the oral cavity present anatomical conditions that seem to hinder the result of gingival recessions coverage. Thus, the aim of this case report was to present two surgeries for gingival recessions coverage in the mandibular teeth performed on the same patient with the follow-up of 24 months. Patient RP, 35 years old, male, Caucasian, nonsmoker, systemically healthy, sought care at the clinic of specialization course in Periodontics from the Araraquara Dental School (Foar-Unesp). His main complaint was the gingival recessions within the lower teeth 33, 34, 35, 43, 44 and 45. Besides the aesthetic nuisance, the patient reported occasional dentin sensitivity. For resolution of the case was referred to the technique of subepithelial connective tissue graft associated with a coronally advanced flap. After 2 years of surgery, it was observed an excellent root guards with significant aesthetic improvement of the case. It can be concluded that the subepithelial connective tissue graft technique was effective in covering of type class I gingival recessions of Miller, even in a region that provides a difficult procedure.

Desenvolvimento e validação de um questionário multidimensional de avaliação da qualidade de vida relacionada ao melasma (HRQ-Melasma)

Pós-graduação em Enfermagem (mestrado profissional) - FMB

Avaliação dos ambientes de proteção da bacia hidrográfica do rio Jundiaí-Mirim/SP

Pós-graduação em Ciências Ambientais - Sorocaba

Estudo clínico randomizado e duplo cego comparando dois métodos de escleroterapia para veias reticulares e telangiectasias em membros inferiores

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)