Chronic Diseases: Chronic Diseases and Development 2 Health, agricultural, and economic effects of adoption of healthy diet recommendations

Transition to diets that are high in saturated fat and sugar has caused a global public health concern as the pattern of food consumption is a mayor modifiable risk factor for chronic non-communicable diseases Although agri food systems are intimately associated with this transition, agriculture and health sectors are largely disconnected in their priorities policy, and analysis with neither side considering the complex inter relation between agri trade patterns of food consumption health, and development We show the importance of connection of these perspectives through estimation of the effect of adopting a healthy diet on population health, agricultural production trade the economy and livelihoods, with a computable general equilibrium approach on the basis of case studies from the UK and Brazil we suggest that benefits of a healthy diet policy will vary substantially between different populations, not only because of population dietary intake but also because of agricultural production trade and other economic factors

Early physical activity promotes lower prevalence of chronic diseases in adulthood

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Health status profile of climacteric women

Study design: Retrospective analysis of medical records. Purpose: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of obesity, diabetes mellitus, hypertension and dyslipidemia in a group of climacteric women. Methods: Study of the first patients treated at the Menopause Clinic (ACLI), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto (USP), from 1983 to 2007. Data on weight, height, BMI, biological group, diagnosis of hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia was collected from February/2008 until April/2008. Results: From 1983 until 2007, 400 patients were followed up, and 272 had their records registered. Of these 272 patients, 628 were selected queries, and therefore, on average, each woman had three returns. Women over the age of 29 and maximum of 80 years and median BMI above 25kg/m2. The prevalence of diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidemia was respectively 32%, 68% and 54%. The prevalence of NCDs and BMI was higher for the later groups. Conclusion: Climacteric women treated at a hospital level care center showed a worsening of the BMI and the prevalence of noncommunicable chronic diseases over time, which is urging a closer look at health professionals in this population group.

Telomere length and its relationship with chronic diseases - New perspectives for periodontal research

Objective: The ageing process is accompanied by a variety of cellular modifications, and telomere shortening is a common finding. Large epidemiological studies have reported an association between shorter telomere length in peripheral leukocytes and several inflammatory diseases of the elderly including diabetes, atherosclerosis and, recently, periodontitis. The primary aim of this study was to critically discuss available evidence regarding the potential mechanisms relating shorter telomeres to periodontitis. Design: A narrative literature review was performed to report evidence relating shorter telomeres to the ageing process and inflammation. Then, we searched MEDLINE (1950 to May 2012) and ISI WEB OF SCIENCE (1950 to May 2012) databases for the combination of the terms 'telomere' and 'periodontitis'. Results: Although these associations suggest a possible role of telomere attrition in the onset or evolution of chronic inflammatory diseases, only two studies addressed the relationship between telomere length and periodontitis. Conclusion: We suggest that the chronic inflammatory burden observed in people with chronic periodontitis could represent the driver of telomere shortening. However, further evidence is needed to confirm whether inflammation is the cause or the consequence of the shorter leukocyte telomere length observed in people with periodontitis. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Simultaneity of the anthropometric markers of adiposity and chronic diseases in women

Aim. The aim of this paper was to investigate the relationship between the accumulation of different anthropometric indicators and the prevalence of some chronic diseases in women over 40 years of age. Methods. The sample was comprised of 562 women between 40 and 95 years of age (64.5 ± 11.4) attended by the research projects were carried out in two cities in southeastern Brazil. Anthropometric measurements were taken: weight, height, waist circumference, hip circumference, and the values of BMI and WHR were later calculated. The referenced morbidity questionnaire was also applied, based on the Standard Health Questionnaire (SHQ), which analyzes the presence of degenerative chronic diseases in the adult population. For the statistical treatment, the chi-square and binary logistic regression tests were performed, with significance set at 5%. Results. The relationship between three changes in the anthropometric indicators and the greater incidence of diseases continued significant for hypertension (OR=3.77 [95% CI: 2.14-6.65], =P=0.001), and for endocrine and metabolic diseases (OR=2.59 [95%: 1:47 to 4:32], =P=0.001), regardless of the effects of age and physical activities. Conclusion. The simultaneity of body fat indicators is more strongly associated with the prevalence of some chronic diseases (hypertension, endocrine, and metabolic), relative to the individualized use of anthropometric indicators.

Fatores de risco relacionados à perda de produtividade laboral e aumento dos custos ambulatoriais de pacientes atendidos por unidades básicas de saúde

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Capacidade funcional, composição corporal e condições de saúde de idosos longevos

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Impact of chronic disease on quality of life among the elderly in the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil: A population-based study

Objectives. To assess the impact of chronic disease and the number of diseases on the various aspects of health-related quality of life (HROOL) among the elderly in Såo Paulo, Brazil. Methods. The SF-36® Health Survey was used to assess the impact of the most prevalent chronic diseases on HRQOL. A cross-sectional and population-based study was carried out with two-stage stratified cluster sampling. Data were obtained from a multicenter health survey administered through household interviews in several municipalities in the state of São Paulo. The study evaluated seven diseases - arthritis, back-pain, depression/anxiety, diabetes, hypertension, osteoporosis, and stroke - and their effects on quality of life. Results. Among the 1 958 elderly individuals (60 years of age or older), 13.6% reported not having any of the illnesses, whereas 45.7% presented three or more chronic conditions. The presence of any of the seven chronic illnesses studied had a significant effect on the scores of nearly all the SF-36® scales. HROOL achieved lower scores when related to depression/ anxiety, osteoporosis, and stroke. The higher the number of diseases, the greater the negative effect on the SF-36® dimensions. The presence of three or more diseases significantly affected HROOL in all areas. The bodily pain, general health, and vitality scales were the most affected by diseases. Conclusions. The study detected a high prevalence of chronic diseases among the elderly population and found that the degree of impact on HROOL depends on the type of disease. The results highlight the importance of preventing and controlling chronic diseases in order to reduce the number of comorbidities and lessen their impact on HROOL among the elderly.

Factors associated with sarcopenia in subjects aged 80 years and over

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Efficiency of intermittent exercise on adiposity and fatty liver in rats fed with high-fat diet

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Zidovudine-Loaded PLA and PLA-PEG Blend Nanoparticles: Influence of Polymer Type on Phagocytic Uptake by Polymorphonuclear Cells

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

The six-minute walk test and body weight-walk distance product in healthy Brazilian subjects

We assessed the 6-min walk distance (6MWD) and body weight x distance product (6MWw) in healthy Brazilian subjects and compared measured 6MWD with values predicted in five reference equations developed for other populations. Anthropometry, spirometry, reported physical activity, and two walk tests in a 30-m corridor were evaluated in 134 subjects (73 females, 13-84 years). Mean 6MWD and 6MWw were significantly greater in males than in females (622 ± 80 m, 46,322 ± 10,539 kg.m vs 551 ± 71 m, 36,356 ± 8,289 kg.m, P < 0.05). Four equations significantly overestimated measured 6MWD (range, 32 ± 71 to 137 ± 74 m; P < 0.001), and one significantly underestimated it (-36 ± 86 m; P < 0.001). 6MWD significantly correlated with age (r = -0.39), height (r = 0.44), body mass index (r = -0.24), and reported physical activity (r = 0.25). 6MWw significantly correlated with age (r = -0.21), height (r = 0.66) and reported physical activity (r = 0.25). The reference equation devised for walk distance was 6MWDm = 622.461 - (1.846 x Ageyears) + (61.503 x Gendermales = 1; females = 0); r2 = 0.300. In an additional group of 85 subjects prospectively studied, the difference between measured and the 6MWD predicted with the equation proposed here was not significant (-3 ± 68 m; P = 0.938). The measured 6MWD represented 99.6 ± 11.9% of the predicted value. We conclude that 6MWD and 6MWw variances were adequately explained by demographic and anthropometric attributes. This reference equation is probably most appropriate for evaluating the exercise capacity of Brazilian patients with chronic diseases.

The Incremental Shuttle Walk Test in Older Brazilian Adults

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Prevalência de fatores de risco para doenças crônicas: inquérito populacional mediante entrevistas telefônicas em Botucatu, São Paulo, 2004

OBJETIVO: Descrever resultados da aplicação de um sistema de monitoramento de fatores de risco para doenças crônicas não transmissíveis (DCNT) por meio de entrevistas telefônicas (SIMTEL) no município de Botucatu/SP. MÉTODOS: Entrevistou-se amostra probabilística (n = 1.410) da população de indivíduos com 18 ou mais anos de idade residente em domicílios do município de Botucatu/SP, conectados à rede de telefonia fixa. A amostragem foi realizada em três etapas: sorteio de linhas do cadastro da companhia telefônica; seleção de linhas residenciais ativas; sorteio para entrevista de um morador com 18 ou mais anos de idade por linha elegível. A taxa de sucesso (entrevistas realizadas: linhas elegíveis sorteadas) foi de 86,9%, sendo de 5,8% a proporção de recusas. Foi aplicado um questionário com 74 questões sobre consumo alimentar, atividade física, tabagismo, consumo de bebidas alcoólicas, peso e estatura recordados e auto-referência a diagnósticos médicos de hipertensão arterial e diabetes. Apresentam-se estimativas brutas da prevalência de fatores de risco/proteção para DCNT e estimativas ajustadas que levam em conta a distribuição segundo idade, sexo e escolaridade da população adulta total do município no Censo Demográfico de 2000. RESULTADOS: Foram observadas altas prevalências de excesso de peso (46.7%) e sedentarismo (57.9%). Houve desvantagem para os homens quanto ao consumo excessivo de bebidas alcoólicas e vantagem no que se refere à prática de atividade física em 1 ou mais dias da semana. Nas mulheres, observou-se associação inversa entre escolaridade e os seguintes fatores de risco: obesidade, excesso de peso, sedentarismo, consumo de carnes com gordura e hábito de fumar. Resultado semelhante foi observado para homens, exceto com relação a obesidade e excesso de peso. CONCLUSÕES: A segunda experiência de aplicação do SIMTEL confirmou o desempenho satisfatório e a utilidade do sistema em nosso meio.