Camponeses Brazil's Peasant Movement in Historical Perspective (1946-2004)

Comparison of the histories of three leading peasant organizations in the Pontal do Paranapanema region of Brazil-the Partido Comunista do Brasil (PCB) from 1945 to 1964, the Confederacao Nacional de Trabalhadores na Agricultura (CONTAG) from 1964 to 1984, and the Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem-Terra (MST) from 1984 to 2004-suggests that continuity is as important as change in understanding Brazilian peasant movements. The MST has been considered a "new social movement" in that it has eschewed partisan politics, incorporated families as members rather than just male heads of household, had a national scope and a participatory decision-making structure, and been attuned to the international struggle over globalization. Placing it in historical perspective makes it clear, however, that this is not the first time that militants have organized around the concept of peasants as a political identity; that while the representation of peasants in the leadership of contemporary rural labor organizations may be greater than in the past, earlier peasant leaders also struggled on behalf of their class; that earlier peasant organizations had, if not a national presence, a substantial presence in the agricultural states of the time; and that attempts at international organization to unite peasant struggles around the globe are not entirely new. This is not to deny the innovative features of contemporary movements but to suggest that the investigation of past achievements will contribute to a fuller appreciation of these movements' conditions and prospects.

Três versões do pragmatismo deweyano no Brasil dos anos cinqüenta

O presente texto parte de uma caracterização em que o movimento escolanovista brasileiro é considerado como difusor da introdução de procedimentos científicos no campo pedagógico, como se a educação devesse subordinar-se às regras do pensamento e às descobertas obtidas pela ciência. em seguida, mostra que essa caracterização descreve apenas uma das tendências do ideário educacional renovador, sendo que outra, desenvolvida marcadamente sob a influência de John Dewey, filósofo e educador norte-americano, apresenta norteamentos bastante diversos. Assim, analisa alguns artigos publicados na Revista Brasileira de Estudos Pedagógicos, órgão do Instituto Nacional de Estudos Pedagógicos, INEP, nos anos de 1950. Tais artigos, de autoria de Anísio Teixeira, João Roberto Moreira e Luiz Alves de Mattos, entre outros, traduzem o ideário educacional renovador daquele período e expressam concepções fundamentadas nas idéias de John Dewey. Os temas debatidos por esses educadores brasileiros são agrupados, de maneira geral, em torno das seguintes categorias: democracia, liberdade, pesquisa sócio-educacional e planejamento educacional. Na análise desenvolvida, percebe-se que os autores expressam diferentes visões do mesmo pensador - John Dewey -, fato que é compreensível mediante o conceito de recontextualização, originário das teses de Basil Bernstein, segundo o qual as teorias ou concepções filosóficas sofrem alterações, muitas vezes fundamentais, quando são convertidas em discurso pedagógico. Ao mesmo tempo que espera contribuir para melhor compreensão da presença do pensamento deweyano no Brasil, o presente trabalho também sugere a necessidade de maior aprofundamento quanto ao estudo dos processos recontextualizadores no campo educacional.

História da formação de professores

Tomando por base trabalhos historiográficos produzidos sobre a Escola Normal em diversos estados brasileiros, o presente trabalho procura recuperar a história percorrida por essa instituição, da perspectiva da ação do Estado, ou seja, da política educacional por ele desenvolvida. Nascidas no século XIX ao nível de modestas escolas primárias e centradas sobretudo no conteúdo a ser ensinado, as escolas normais foram aos poucos incorporando um conteúdo didático-pedagógico. O ideário escolanovista as marcaria definitivamente, deslocando a ênfase de seu currículo para as denominadas ciências da educação. O artigo aborda questões relativas a: consolidação e expansão das escolas normais como instituições formadoras do magistério para a escola primária, evolução de sua organização geral e curricular, definida, a partir dos anos 30, em nível médio, até as mudanças introduzidas pela Lei 9.394/96, que elevou a formação do professor das séries iniciais ao nível superior.

Tomemos la historia en nuestras manos: utopia revolucionária e música popular no Chile (1966-1973)

Pós-graduação em História - FCHS

Reinações na Jecatatuásia: aspectos estético-sociológicos da arte segundo Monteiro Lobato

Pós-graduação em Letras - FCLAS

Uma biblioteca para a formação de professores: a biblioteca Joaquim Nabuco do Instituto Coração de Jesus, Santo André - SP (1959-1974)

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Sobre formação e prática de professores de matemática: estudo a partir de relatos de professores, década de 1960, João Pessoa (PB)

Pós-graduação em Educação Matemática - IGCE

Anísio Teixeira e a Psicologia: o valor da mensuração

This article analyzes the ideas and the work of Anísio Teixeira in the 1920s and 1930s, focusing on his views about the value of measurement for educational reform in Brazil. Considering that the thinking and practices of Teixeira should be understood in the context in which it was developed, the study presents the history of the presence of psychological knowledge in education, with special attention to the entrance of the Psychometrics in the New School movement. The paper concludes that, by defending the use of measurement, Teixeira has remained true to the goal of the New School that required to diagnoses scientifically the school universe, which was necessary to respond to the growing demand for schooling and the educational disabilities of the Brazilian educational institutions.

Movimentos de um movimento: um estudo sobre os significados atribuídos ao escolanovismo e seus ritmos

Um conjunto de depoimentos coletados oralmente e de fontes escritas disponíveis no arquivo inativo de um antigo Grupo Escolar paulista é analisado em paralelo à literatura sobre o Movimento Escolanovista visando a compreender os modos como um ideário se impõe, no cotidiano das práticas escolares, num ritmo constante de avanços e resistências, alterações e manutenções. Ao mesmo tempo, defende-se que o Movimento Escolanovista – ou qualquer proposta educacional – não é um bloco maciço de significados fixos, mas uma leitura, uma mobilização, uma apropriação que, segundo os vários significados a ele atribuídos, implica a efetivação de algumas práticas no interior da escola.

Brycon gouldingi (Teleostei, Characidae): aspects of the embryonic development in a new fish species with aquaculture potential

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

About the Use of the HdHr Algorithm Group in Integrating the Movement Equation with Nonlinear Terms

This work summarizes the HdHr group of Hermitian integration algorithms for dynamic structural analysis applications. It proposes a procedure for their use when nonlinear terms are present in the equilibrium equation. The simple pendulum problem is solved as a first example and the numerical results are discussed. Directions to be pursued in future research are also mentioned. Copyright (C) 2009 H.M. Bottura and A. C. Rigitano.

Orthodontic movement of teeth with intraosseous defects: histologic and histometric study in dogs

The purpose of this study was to evaluate histologically, in dogs, the periodontal healing of 1-walled intraosseous defects in teeth that were subjected to orthodontic movement toward the defects. The defects were surgically created bilaterally at the mesial aspects of the maxillary second premolars and distal aspects of the mandibular second premolars of 4 mongrel dogs. One week after creating the defects, an orthodontic appliance was installed, and the teeth were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatment groups: those in the test group received a titanium-molybdenum alloy rectangular wire spring that performed a controlled tipping root movement, and those in the control group received a passive stainless steel wire. Active orthodontic movement of the test teeth lasted 2 months and was followed by a stabilization period of another 2 months, after which the animals were killed. Throughout the study, routine daily plaque control was performed on the dogs with a topical application of a 2% chlorhexicline gel. The results showed no difference between the groups, with some regularization of the defects and periodontal regeneration limited to the apical portion of the defects. Histometric analysis showed a significant difference in bone height; on average, it was 0.53 mm smaller in the test group. It was concluded that orthodontic movement does not interfere with the healing of 1-walled intraosseous defects, with the exception of the linear extent of new bone apposition.

Effects of a single habituation session on neuromuscular isokinetic profile at different movement velocities

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Influence of Orthodontic Dental Movement on the Healing Process of Teeth With Periapical Lesions

The purpose of this study was to histomorphologically evaluate (in dog's teeth) the influence of tooth movement in the healing of chronic periapical lesions. Thirty roots of incisors and premolars of two dogs (1-year-old) were used in this research. After pulpectomy, the root canals remained exposed to the oral environment for 6 months for achievement of periapical lesions. Twenty root canals were biomechanically prepared and received a calcium hydroxide dressing for 14 days before being filled with gutta-percha points and Sealapex sealer. After root canal treatment, some incisors were submitted to orthodontic movement, whereas the other roots remained without orthodontic movement. The orthodontic appliance was removed at 5 months and 15 days after treatment, the dogs were killed 15 days later and the specimens were prepared for histomorphological analysis. The results showed that the orthodontic movement delayed, but did not hinder, the periapical healing process. (J Endod 2006;32:115-119)

Short-term movement and retreat sites of Leptodactylus labyrinthicus (Anura : Leptodactylidae) during the breeding season: A spool-and-line tracking study

Capture/recapture studies significantly increase our knowledge of the natural history of anuran amphibians. Many different methods have been employed in these studies, but a number of new techniques still require experimental validation. During two reproductive seasons in a Cerrado remnant in southeastern Brazil, we investigated the movement patterns and habitat use of the pepper frog, Leptodactylus labyrinthicus, using a spool-and-line device. This low-cost device did not appear to interfere with the activities of the frogs and allowed for constant monitoring, showing precise routes of movement and great predictability of relocations. Both sexes were active at night. During the day, males and females made use of retreat sites under vegetation or in burrows constructed by small- and medium-sized mammals. Males and females did not use standardized routes; there were no significant differences between their movements, and movements were not correlated with body size or environmental conditions. Individuals are able to move further than 100 m per day, a characteristic that may enable this species to colonize or recolonize open areas.