Urethral striated muscle and extracellular matrix morphological characteristics among mildly diabetic pregnant rats: translational approach

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Recondicionamento muscular na DPOC: principais intervenções e novas tendências

Há algum tempo o condicionamento físico vem sendo parte obrigatória no tratamento de portadores de DPOC. Estes pacientes apresentam comumente intolerância ao exercício de intensidade variável e relacionada à disfunção muscular esquelética. Neste sentido, o exercício físico apresenta-se como ramo mais importante no processo de reabilitação pulmonar. O exercício aeróbio e o treino de força com pesos são fundamentais no incremento de capacidade física e qualidade de vida, principalmente naqueles indivíduos que apresentam as formas moderada ou grave da DPOC. Além disso, espera-se atualmente maior desenvolvimento nas pesquisas em relação à aplicação de estimulação elétrica neuromuscular (EENM) e ao uso criterioso de substâncias ergogênicas tais como esteróides anabolizantes e creatina oral. Tendo em vista as repercussões negativas da disfunção muscular e a importância da reabilitação pulmonar no tratamento da DPOC, esta revisão tem como objetivo reunir informações de estudos relevantes acerca das principais estratégias para o recondicionamento muscular esquelético nestes pacientes nos últimos 15 anos.

Participação do Estado Contrátil e do Relaxamento Miocárdico na Disfunção Ventricular durante a Transição Hipertrofia-Falência Cardíaca

Purpose - To investigate the participation of contractile state and relaxation in cardiac muscle dysfunction during the transition from stable hypertrophy to cardiac decompensation in aging spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Methods - isolated left ventricular papillary muscle function was studied in SHR with heart failure (SHR-F), in age-matched SHR without evidence of heart failure (SHR-NF), and in nonhypertensive controls Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY). Muscles were analised in isometric and isotonic contractions in Krebs-Henseleit solution with calcium concentration of 1.25mM at 28°C. Results - Papillary muscles from SHR-F and SHR-NF demonstrated decreased active tension development and shortening velocity relative to normotensive WKY (p<0.05). SHR-F and SHR-NF did not differ. Compared with SHR-NF and WKY, muscle passive stiffness was increased in the failing SHR (p<0.05 versus WKY and SHR-NF). This parameter did not differ between SHR-NF and WKY (p> 0.05). Conclusion - These data suggest that the progression from stable hypertrophy to heart failure is associated with changes in the passive stiffness and is not related to depression of myocardial contractile function.

Prevalência de incontinência urinária e disfunção muscular do assoalho pélvico em primíparas dois anos após parto cesárea: Estudo transversal

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: There is uncertainty in the literature regarding the theory that obstetric events and pelvic floor injuries give rise to lower risk of subsequent urinary incontinence among women delivering via cesarean section than among women delivering vaginally. The objective of this study was to assess the two-year postpartum prevalence of urinary incontinence and pelvic floor muscle dysfunction and the factors responsible for them. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study, conducted in a public university. METHODS: 220 women who had undergone elective cesarean section or vaginal childbirth two years earlier were selected. Their urinary incontinence symptoms were investigated, and their pelvic floor muscle dysfunction was assessed using digital palpation and a perineometer. RESULTS: The two-year urinary incontinence prevalences following vaginal childbirth and cesarean section were 17% and 18.9%, respectively. The only risk factor for pelvic floor muscle dysfunction was weight gain during pregnancy. Body mass index less than 25 kg/m2 and normal pelvic floor muscle function protected against urinary incontinence. Gestational urinary incontinence increased the risk of two-year postpartum urinary incontinence. CONCLUSION: Gestational urinary incontinence was a crucial precursor of postpartum urinary incontinence. Weight gain during pregnancy increased the subsequent risk of pelvic floor muscle dysfunction, and elective cesarean section did not prevent urinary incontinence.

Efeito de treinamentos resistidos sobre marcadores inflamatórios, força e massa magra corporal de pacientes com doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Aspectos físicos, funcionais e qualidade de vida de pacientes com Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica após programa de treino resistido com corda elástica

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Associação entre os distúrbios huperglicêmicos e a ocorrência de incontinência urinária e a sua influência na qualidade de voda dirante a gestação

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

A cross-sectional electromyography assessment in linear scleroderma patients

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Eletroestimulação em pacientes portadores de doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica

Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease may have muscle dysfunction, which ultimately reduce the functional capacity. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) is a technique that can be effective in these patients, and implies low overload to the cardiorespiratory system. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of NMES on muscle strength and cardiorespiratory fitness in COPD patients. Five patients (2 men, 3 women) were evaluated, with a mean age of 70.40 ± 6.61 years, and underwent anamnesis, anthropometric measurements, spirometry, pulmonary function, cardiopulmonary functional capacity and muscle strength in the lower limbs. After the evaluations, the patients were enrolled in a program of electrical stimulation of the quadriceps muscles, performed 3 times per week for 5 weeks. Each session lasted for 30 minutes, being reassessed at the end of the 15 sessions. Statistically significant response is observed to gain strength in lower limb (p = 0.005), but no significant responses were observed for the distance in six minute walking test before and after the test protocol for electrical stimulation. Showing that with NMES was located just gain muscle strength without effects on functional capacity, and there are few studies that investigate these effects, so further studies are needed to investigate this relationship.

Clinical assessment of the efficacy of low-level laser therapy on muscle pain in women with temporomandibular dysfunction, by surface electromyography

The use of low-level laser (LLL) may be an useful tool to promote reduction of muscular pain caused by TMD. Aim: This study evaluated the immediate efficacy of low-level laser therapy on women reporting pain and diagnosed with temporomandibular dysfunction (TMD). Methods: Diode laser (GaAlAs) at 790 nm wavelength (infrared spectrum) was applied as experimental treatment. Irradiations of 1.5 J/cm2 were made at 4 points of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and of 3 J/cm2 at 3 points in the temporal muscle. An electromyographic (EMG) evaluation of the masseter and anterior temporal was done at the following intervals: before, immediately after, 5 min and 20 min after laser application. Results: Comparison of the electrical activity at the times of measurement revealed a statistically significant difference in masseter muscles before (P=0.025) and immediately after (P=0.013) LLLT. Conclusions: Both masseter and temporal muscles showed a reduction in the measured EMG activities at all times after LLLT, and the temporal muscle showed higher EMG activity than the masseter muscle at all the evaluation times. LLLT caused significant immediate relaxation of the masseter muscles.

Myocardial remodeling and dysfunction are induced by chronic food restriction in spontaneously hypertensive rats

Several studies have shown alterations in hearts from animals subjected to food restriction (FR). However, few experiments in hearts evaluating pressure overload have been reported. We examined the effects of chronic FR on myocardial function and morphology in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Sixty-day-old SHR were fed a control (C) or a restricted diet (daily intake reduced to 50% of amount of food consumed by the control group) for 90 days. Myocardial performance was studied in isolated left ventricular (LV) papillary muscle. Food restriction decreased body weight and LV weight; LV weight/body-weight ratio was lower in the food-restricted group (SHR-C, 2.84 +/- 0.21 mg/g; SHR-FR, 2.56 +/- 0.24 mg/g; P <.05). Food restriction did not change arterial systolic blood pressure. Myocyte surface area was lower in the food-restricted group (P <.01). Food restriction induced myocardial ultrastructural alterations including reduced sarcoplasm content, reduced and disorganized myofilaments, disorganized Z line, dilated sarcoplasmic reticulum, and deep infoldings of plasma membrane. Myocardial hydroxyproline concentration was increased in the restricted rats. Peak developed tension (P <.05) and maximum rate of tension development (P <.01) were decreased in the SHR-FR group. In conclusion, myocardium of SHR subjected to chronic FR presents attenuation of hypertrophy development, ultrastructural changes, increased collagen content, and systolic dysfunction. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Myocardial fibrosis rather than hypertrophy induces diastolic dysfunction in renovascular hypertensive rats

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the-effect of interstitial fibrosis alone or associated with hypertrophy. on diastolic myocardial function in renovascular hypertensive rats. Myocardial function was evaluated in isolated papillary muscle from renovascular hypertensive Wistar rats (RHT, n = 14), renovascular hypertensive rats treated with the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) ramipril, 20 mg.kg(-1).day(-1) (RHT RAM, n = 14), and age-matched unoperated and untreated Wistar rats (CONT, n = 12). The ACEI treatment for 3 weeks allowed the regression of myocyte mass and the maintenance of interstitial fibrosis. Myocardial passive stiffness was analyzed by the resting tension - length relationship. The myocardial fibrosis was evaluated by measuring myocardial hydroxyproline (Hyp) concentration and by histological studies of the myocardium stained with hematoxylin and eosin or picrosirius red. Left ventricular weight was significantly higher in RHT (0.97 +/- 0.12 g) compared with CONT (0.66 +/- 0.06 g) and RHT RAM (0.69 +/- 0.14 g). The Hyp levels were 2.9 +/- 0.4, 3.4 +/- 0.3, and 3.8 +/- 0.4 mu g/mg of dry tissue for the CONT, RHT, and RHT RAM, respectively. Perivascular and interstitial fibrosis were observed in RHT and RHT RAM groups. There were lymphomononuclear inflammatory exudate and edema around arteries, involving adjacent myocytes in the RHT group. There was an increased passive stiffness in RHT and RHT RAM groups compared with the CONT group. In conclusion, our results indicate that the Impaired diastolic function in the renovascular hypertensive rats is related to interstitial fibrosis rather than to myocardial hypertrophy.

Alterations in myocardial collagen content affect rat papillary muscle function

We investigated the influence of myocardial collagen volume fraction (CVF, %) and hydroxyproline concentration (mu g/mg) on rat papillary muscle function. Collagen excess was obtained in 10 rats with unilateral renal ischemia for 5 wk followed by 3-wk treatment with ramipril (20 mg . kg(-1) . day(-1)) (RHTR rats; CVF = 3.83 +/- 0.80, hydroxyproline = 3.79 +/- 0.50). Collagen degradation was induced by double infusion of oxidized glutathione (GSSG rats; CVF 5 2.45 +/- 0.52, hydroxyproline = 2.85 +/- 0.18). Nine untreated rats were used as controls (CFV = 3.04 +/- 0.58, hydroxyproline = 3.21 +/- 0.30). Active stiffness (AS; g . cm(-2) . %L-max(-1)) and myocyte cross-sectional area (MA; mu m(2)) were increased in the GSSG rats compared with controls [AS 5.86 vs. 3.96 (P< 0.05); MA 363 +/- 59 vs. 305 +/- 28 (P< 0.05)]. In GSSG and RHTR groups the passive tension-length curves were shifted downwards, indicating decreased passive stiffness, and upwards, indicating increased passive stiffness, respectively. Decreased collagen content induced by GSSG is related to myocyte hypertrophy, decreased passive stiffness, and increased AS, and increased collagen concentration causes myocardial diastolic dysfunction with no effect on systolic function.

Evaluation of different occlusal splints and counselling in the management of myofascial pain dysfunction

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)