Metabolic syndrome in overweight children from the city of Botucatu - São Paulo State - Brazil: agreement among six diagnostic criteria

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Accuracy of routine diagnostic tests used in paracoccidioidomycosis patients at a university hospital

The identification of appropriate laboratory measures to confirm clinical hypotheses is important in routine paracoccidioidomycosis medical care. The clinical records and laboratory reports of 401 paracoccidioidomycosis patients attended at the Tropical Diseases Area, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, from 1974 to 2008 were reviewed. Direct mycological (DM), cell block (CB), histopathological (HP), and double immunodiffusion (DID) tests were evaluated before treatment. Typical Paracoccidioides brasiliensis yeast forms were observed in clinical specimens of 86% of the patients, but 14% were detected only by serological test. DM of 51 different tissue specimens produced 74.5% sensitivity, and 62.5% sensitivity was observed in 112 sputum samples. CB in 483 sputum samples generated 55.3% sensitivity. HP performed in 239 samples from different tissues revealed 96.7% sensitivity. Serology carried out in 351 patients and 200 healthy controls provided 90.0% sensitivity, 100.0% specificity, 100.0% positive predictive value, 85.1% negative predictive value and 93.6% accuracy. Comparisons of laboratory measurements performed in the same patient showed that sensitivity decreases from HP to DID to CB and DM, with the last two assays providing similar sensitivities. This study demonstrated that P. brasiliensis identification by HP, CB, and/or DM associated with DID is sufficient to establish the laboratorial diagnosis of paracoccidioidomycosis in practically all cases. (C) 2011 Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Plasma glutathione of HIV+ patients responded positively and differently to dietary supplementation with cysteine or glutamine

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Influência da adiposidade sobre o risco inflamatório em pacientes com glicemia de jejum alterada

OBJETIVO: Investigar as alterações dos marcadores inflamatórios em obesos com glicemia de jejum alterada. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados 125 indivíduos adultos tendo sido pesquisados: Índice de Massa Corporal, circunferência da cintura, glicemia de jejum, proteína C reativa ultra-sensível, ácido úrico e homocisteína. Os grupos apresentando glicemia de jejum normal (grupo 1) e glicemia de jejum alterada (grupo 2) foram comparados entre si e em associação aos subgrupos de obesos, sobrepesos e eutróficos. RESULTADOS: O grupo 2 apresentou maiores valores de circunferência da cintura (p<0,05), principalmente quando associados ao excesso de peso. Adicionalmente, o grupo 2 mostrou valores de proteína C reativa e ácido úrico superiores, sendo os dos obesos maiores que os com sobrepeso e os eutróficos, enquanto a homocisteína foi semelhante entre obesos, com sobrepeso e eutróficos. O Índice de Massa Corporal correlacionou-se positivamente com ambos ácido úrico (r=0,39, p<0,01) e proteína C reativa (r=0,37; p<0,01). A circunferência da cintura apresentou correlação apenas com o ácido úrico (r=0,53, p<0,01). Porém, a correlação entre Índice de Massa Corporal e proteína C reativa foi significante no grupo 2 (r=0,66, p<0,01), mas não no grupo 1 (r=0,25, p>0,05). O mesmo resultado foi encontrado em relação à circunferência da cintura e à proteína C reativa, que se correlacionaram significantemente somente na presença de glicemia de jejum alterada (r=0,40, p<0,05). Na regressão logística, a circunferência da cintura foi a variável explicativa (11%, p<0,01) da alteração da glicemia de jejum. CONCLUSÃO: Os estados pró-oxidativo e pró-inflamatório estiveram significantemente associados à glicemia de jejum alterada na presença de adiposidade corporal.

Sagital abdominal diameter, but not waist circumference is strongly associated with glycemia, triacilglycerols and HDL-c levels in overweight adults

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Association of dyslipidemia with intakes of fruit and vegetables and the body fat content of adults clinically selected for a lifestyle modification program

To investigate the relationship of dyslipidemia with demographic distribution and patterns of body fat and dietary intakes. From a universe of adults clinically selected for a lifestyle modification program 979 subjects (409 males and 570 females, 52.2 +/- 9.6 years) fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Overnight-fasting plasma was assayed (dry chemistry) for triglycerides (TG), total (TC) and HDL fraction of cholesterol given the non-HDL (n-HDL) fraction by the difference. Anthropometric assessment included body weight (kg), height (m), fat (bioelectrical impedance) and waist circumference (WC). Food intake was assessed by the 24-hour recall questionnaire and the food groups evaluated through recommendations from an adapted food pyramid. The chances of dyslipidemia from other variable changes were determined by logistic regression with p < 0.05. Normal values of BMI and WC were protective against all dyslipidemia markers whereas only hypercholesterolemia was influenced by diet (meat intake > 2 servings). Dietary intakes have protective effects against hypertriglyceridemia with whole grains, odds ratio (OR) 0.342 (Cl 95%, 0.154-0.760), fruits >= 3 servings (OR 0.523, 0.290-0.941) and vegetables >= 4 servings (OR 0.360, 0.176-0.735). In general total body and abdominal adiposity influenced all dystipidemia markers while dietary intake of fruits and vegetables protected against triglyceridemia.

Ten-week lifestyle changing program reduces several indicators for metabolic syndrome in overweight adults

We aim to investigate the effectiveness of a 10-week lifestyle intervention focusing on physical activity and high fiber intake for reducing indicators for metabolic syndrome in overweight-obese individuals. A prospective study of 50 overweight (OW) adults (22 in the general educational group - G1; 28 in the high fiber nutrition group - G2) was performed. Both groups were offered dietary counseling and supervised exercise. Clinical, anthropometric, dietary and plasma biochemical tests were performed at baseline - time 0 (T0) and after 10 weeks - time 1 (T1). Both groups improved their dietary quality, but only G2 presented higher intake of fruit and vegetables (servings/day), higher plasma beta-carotene levels and a 24% reduction of MetS incidence. Additionally G2 showed greater reductions in body fat (4%), and waist circumference (7%), obesity class III (2%) and obesity class II (14%) rate. Lifestyle intervention, including a high dietary fiber intake, improved healthy eating index and decreased body fat composition and plasma lipid concentrations leading to MetS incidence reduction.

Livro didático na Educação Física escolar: considerações iniciais

On Physical Education, little has been discussed about the function of textbook and its development into the school. So, the purpose of this study was to establish the biggest criticisms made about didactic books and reflect about the production of this materials for this discipline. It is discussed that the textbook, like one of the possible materials, can help the teachers at school practice, as it will be working as a reference to be transformed by teachers, according to the reality they are insert, and considering the students needs, in a new perspective of Physical education.

Amplificação por condução óssea em malformações congênitas: benefício e satisfação

A deficiência auditiva é um dos achados clínicos mais comuns em sujeitos com malformações de orelha. O tratamento consiste em realizar a cirurgia e/ou adaptar o aparelho de amplificação sonora por via óssea (AASI VO). A intervenção precoce é fundamental para favorecer a estimulação auditiva e desenvolvimento da fala e linguagem. OBJETIVO: Caracterizar o perfil audiológico de sujeitos com malformação congênita de orelha externa e/ou média e avaliar o benefício e a satisfação destes com o uso de AASI VO. MÉTODO: Estudo descritivo, sujeitos com malformações congênitas bilaterais de orelha externa e/ou média, deficiência auditiva condutiva ou mista, moderada ou grave e usuários de AASI VO. Avaliação do benefício utilizando teste de reconhecimento de sentenças com ruído competitivo e medidas de ganho funcional e avaliação da satisfação utilizando questionário internacional QI - AASI. RESULTADOS: Foram avaliados 13 sujeitos, sendo 61% do sexo masculino e 80% com deficiência auditiva condutiva moderada ou grave. Houve melhor desempenho na avaliação proposta na condição com AASI, quando comparada à condição sem AASI. CONCLUSÃO: Os AASI VO retroauriculares apresentaram vantagens para a população estudada e devem ser considerados como uma opção para intervenção. A satisfação foi confirmada pelos escores elevados obtidos no QI - AASI.