Distribuição de fósforo no bulbo molhado, aplicado via fertirrigação por gotejamento com ácido fosfórico

Foram investigados a distribuição do fósforo, o pH e a umidade do solo no bulbo molhado em um Latossolo sem vegetação, após fertirrigação com ácido fosfórico, durante 21 dias. O experimento foi instalado na UNESP/Jaboticabal - SP, em blocos casualizados, com cinco repetições. Os tratamentos foram 0; 30; 60; 90 e 120 kg ha-1 de P2O5, dividindo-se as doses em quatro aplicações semanais, via fertirrigação. Após a última aplicação, foram abertas trincheiras nos bulbos molhados e coletadas amostras de solo em quadrículas de 100 cm². O ácido fosfórico provocou aumento da acidez e elevados teores de fósforo no bulbo, principalmente até 30 cm de distância lateral e até 40 cm de profundidade, em relação ao ponto de gotejamento. O aumento da dose de ácido fosfórico (90 e 120 kg ha-1 de P2O5) provocou maiores teores de fósforo e maior acidificação do solo até 30 cm de distância lateral e até 40 cm de profundidade. A distribuição do fósforo e seu efeito no pH no volume de solo molhado não seguiram a distribuição de umidade no mesmo.

Distribution of paracoccidioidomycosis: determination of ecologic correlates through spatial analyses

Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is endemic in Latin America and in countries like Brazil it carries a high mortality rate. The fungus' habitat has not been precisely determined. The present study aims to identify ecologic correlates based on PCM distribution in a hyper-endemic area in southeastern Brazil. The Geographic Information System (GIS) and spatial statistics were used to associate environmental attributes, human population density and, PCM distribution. By means of the Pearson r correlation coefficient, the highest statistically significant associations with prevalence density were the percent area (by county) of: basaltic rocks (r = 0.63; P < 0.0001), Podzolic soils (r = - 0.48; P < 0.001), Latosol soils (r = 0.40; P < 0.01), mean annual precipitation between 1500 and 1600 mm (r = 0.46; P < 0.001) and, mean precipitation during the wet season between 940 and 1040 mm (r = - 0.44; P < 0.01). Soil texture and precipitation analyzed together reached r = 0.61 (P < 0.000002) for fine-textured soils with annual precipitation above 1400 mm. Environmental correlates indicate that moisture availability plays an important role in PCM distribution.

Germination of Styrax camporum Pohl. seeds in response to substrate types, moisture contents and the seed morphology

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

WATER BALANCE and SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION of AN ANURAN COMMUNITY FROM BRAZIL

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Water table effects on bean yield and nitrate distribution in the soil profile

In order to evaluate the bean yield under different water table levels as well as the moisture and nitrate distribution in the soil profile, a field experiment was carried out at the experimental area from the College of Agronomic Sciences - UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil. Beans were grown in field lysimeters and subjected to five water table depths:30; 40; 50; 60 and 70 cm. The moisture in the soil profile was gravimetrically determined through samples obtained at 10; 20; 30; 40; 50; 60 and 70cm of depth. The water table depths of 30cm and 40cm showed the highest productivities (3,228.4 kg.ha-1 and 3,422.1 kg.ha-1, respectively), showing no statistical differences between each other. The highest productivity was related to the two most elevated water table levels (30 and 40cm), which provided the highest moisture average values on basis of volume in the soil profile (33.3 e 31%) as well as the consumptive use of water (416 and 396 mm). The nitrate content during the bean cycle at the extraction depth of 60cm has been under the safe drinking limit of 10 mg.1-1 for water table depths of 30; 40; 50 and 60cm, showing the denitrification effectiveness as a way of controlling water table from nitrate pollution. The water table handling allowed the attainment of high bean productivity levels, as well as the reduction of the nitrate level.

Water table effects on bean yield and nitrate distribution in the soil profile

In order to evaluate the bean yield under different water table levels as well as the moisture and nitrate distribution in the soil profile, a field experiment was carried out in the experimental area of the College of Agricultural Sciences - UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil. Beans were grown in field lysimeters under five water table depths: 30; 40; 50; 60 and 70 cm. The moisture in the soil profile was determined gravimetrically using samples collected at 10; 20; 30; 40; 50; 60 and 70 cm deep. The water table depths of 30cm and 40cm showed the highest productivities (3,228.4kg.ha-1 and 3,422.1kg.ha-1, respectively), with no statistical differences between them. The highest productivity was related to the two highest water table levels (30 and 40cm), which provided the highest moisture average values on the basis of volume in the soil profile (33.3 e 31%) as well as the consumptive use of water (416 and 396mm). The nitrate content during the bean cycle at the extraction depth of 60cm was below the safe drinking limit of 10mg.1-1 for water table depths of 30; 40; 50 and 60cm, which shows the denitrification efficiency as a way of controlling nitrate pollution in water tables. The management of water table can lead to high levels of bean yield and to a better control of nitrate pollution in underground water.