Ocorrência e determinação do perfil de sensibilidade às drogas das cepas de Staphylococcus aureus isoladas de fossas nasais e orofaringe dos servidores hospitalares

Staphylococcus aureus is a very important hospital and community pathogen. This species is related to supurative disease, systemic and widespread metastatic lesions. The ability of S. aureus to develop resistance to antibiotics, more recently to methicillin, associates this bacteria with epidemic outbreaks of severe nosocomial infection. The source of staphylococcal infection is a patient with a staphylococcal lesion or a career member of the hospital staff. We aimed to detect the frequency of S. aureus isolated from anterior nares and oral cavities among the hospital staff in Bauru - SP, and to determine the antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates. Within 213 of the staff members analyzed. S. aureus was found in 94 (44.13%) of careers, with 47 (50%) of nasal carriers, 23 (24.4%) of oral carriers and 24 (25.5%) of both carriers. The biochemical characteristics analyzed for the species identification were similar to S. aureus ATCC 29213. All strains identified as S. aureus showed varied sensibility to the antimicrobial agents tested. No vancomicin resistant strains and only 8 (8.5%) strains with oxacilin resistance were found.

Perfil de resistência a antimicrobianos de Staphylococcus aureus isolados de granjas e frigoríficos de suínos

Staphylococcus aureus are involved in a wide range of clinical problems to swine industry as son in humans. Epidemiological researchs prove his potential to acquire resistantence to antibiotics. Nowadays, methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) are responsabilized for nosocomial infections and many studies are done because MRSA are spread to extra hospitalar enrivonment and frequentely isolated from domestic animals including pigs. The aim of this study was to determine the presence o S. aureus at swine farms and identify the mecA, icaA and icaD genes and the resistant proflife to antibiotics. Overal, 458 swabs were taked from five pigeris and two slautherhouses. All the samples were placed on Braid - Parker and blood agar follow by biochemical analyses. The suspect colonies were submitted to PCR to confirm the S. aureus species, by the detection of the coa gene, mecA to avaible meticillin-resistant as son to the virulence gens icaA and icaD that can determine slime production. Antibiogram were done to evaluate the response to 11 antibiotics. All pigeris and slautherhouse were positive and 81 (79%) samples were S. aureus positive including four isolates from pigs employeers. The mecA gene was not detected. The icaD gene was most frequent and 41% were positive to both genes. The antibiogram show a lot of samples penicillin and tetraciclin resistant. Most of the samples were multirestant.

Staphylococcus aureus na cadeia produtiva de suínos e perfil de resistência a antimicrobianos

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Pesquisa docluster de imuno evasão e tipagem molecular em Staphylococcus aureus meticilina-sensíveis (MSSA), osolados de maipladores de alimentos

Pós-graduação em Biologia Geral e Aplicada - IBB

Estudo dos fatores de virulência e resistência à oxacilina em Staphylococcus spp. isolados de aspirado traqueal de pacientes em ventilação mecânica internados em UTI

Patients that are mechanically ventilated in ICUs are constantly exposed to different pathogens, which present multiantibiotic resistance. Among these microorganisms, is MRSA (Meticillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus) considered to be a therapeutic challenge due to its resistance to β-lactam antibiotics. Therefore, this study proposed to identify species of Staphylococcus spp. isolated from mechanically ventilated patients in ICU, the gene mecA detection and the genes of the enterotoxins A (sea), B (seb), C (sec-1) and D (sed) in samples of S. aureus, as well as the phenotypic resistance determination to oxacillin using the disc-diffusion method with discs of oxacillin and cefoxitin. The samples collection occurred during in a period of 19 months, obtaining samples from 232 patients. A percentage of 39% (70) of Gram-positive cocci were found; which 82,8% (58) were identified as Staphylococcus spp,. among these, 75,8% (44) corresponded to S. aureus species and 47,7% were identified as MRSA. It was found resistance to both drugs in 31,8% of the S. aureus samples, 16 (36,3%) had the gene sea and 11 (25%) had the sec-1 gene. Among the coagulase-negative staphylococci obtained, the species most found was S. epidermidis, corresponding to 43% (6). The results revealed that one of the most important etiologic agents of VAP amid the Gram-positive cocci is the species S. aureus, with special attention to MRSA. The presence of enterotoxins genes in S. aureus did not showed determinant role in VAP, but the presence of these superantigens can contribute worsening the patient’s prognosis, since they are associated with intense inflammatory response

Methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci: Epidemiological and molecular aspects

Infections caused by the genus Staphylococcus are of great importance for human health. Staphylococcus species are divided into coagulase-positive staphylococci, represented by S. aureus, a pathogen that can cause infections of the skin and other organs in immunocompetent patients, and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) which comprise different species normally involved in infectious processes in immunocompromised patients or patients using catheters. Oxacillin has been one of the main drugs used for the treatment of staphylococcal infections; however, a large number of S. aureus and CNS isolates of nosocomial origin are resistant to this drug. Methicillin resistance is encoded by the mecA gene which is inserted in the SCCmec cassette. This cassette is a mobile genetic element consisting of five different types and several subtypes. Oxacillin-resistant strains are detected by phenotypic and genotypic methods. Epidemiologically, methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains can be divided into five large pandemic clones, called Brazilian, Hungarian, Iberian, New York/Japan and Pediatric. The objective of the present review was to discuss aspects of resistance, epidemiology, genetics and detection of oxacillin resistance in Staphylococcus spp., since these microorganisms are increasingly more frequent in Brazil.