Corn (Zea mays L.) cultivars tolerance to nicosulfuron

The effects of nicosulfuron on morphological, yield and growth characteristics and the histological modifications in the leaf blade were evaluated for eight corn cultivars: landrace popcorn, ESALQ-popcorn, Piranao, DSCC-Architecture, ESALQ VF7, ESALQ VD8, JAB 01F and JAB 02D. The experimental de sign was a randomized complete block with three replications in a factorial arrangement. Plots were four rows wide and 6.00m long with 0.90m spacing between rows and 0.20m between plants. Nicosulfuron was applied at the dose of 160 g a.i.ha(-1), when the plants was 25 cm high and has 5-6 expanded leaves. Nicosulfuron significantly reduced plant height at silking and the Final plant stand. There was also a significant reduction for plant height at 47 clays after sowing, for number of leaves, ear position. ear height, grain yield, ear weight and total number of ears due to nicosulfuron. The cultivars JAB 01 and JAB 02 were the least affected by the herbicide with similar yields to those of the control group, showing good tolerance to nicosulfuron. The leaves injury symptoms for all the studied cultivars consisted of chlorosis and puckering of the blades from the expanding central leaves of the plant at 7 days after application. Anatomical alterations in the epidermis due to the herbicide consisted of an increase in number and size of the bulliform cells and in the suppression of the epidermal cells in the epidermis and in the nearby of the vascular bundles. Some parenchymatic cells became voluminous and devoid of chloroplasts. SEM examination revealed a loss of bilateral symmetry of the stomata and disappearance of the subsidiary cells from the stomata near the midrib at the adaxial surface.

Respostas fisiológicas de diferentes clones de eucalipto sob diferentes regimes de irrigação

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Diversidad genética de aislamientos de Bacillus subtilis con potencial para el control biológico de Colletotrichum acutatum y Guignardia citricarpa

O setor citrícola enfrenta sérios problemas representados por doenças de flores e frutos jovens que, além de diminuir a produtividade, depreciam os frutos pelo aspecto que conferem aos mesmos. Tais doenças são representadas, principalmente, pela mancha preta dos frutos cítricos (MPC) e pela queda prematura dos frutos cítricos (QPFC), onde a medida predominante de controle é a pulverização com produtos químicos. Entretanto, os custos financeiros e ambientais de aplicações com tais produtos, aliado às crescentes restrições à presença de resíduos, estão a exigir o estudo de novas alternativas. Entre estas, o controle biológico surge como alternativa importante. Sabendo-se que, o conhecimento da biodiversidade dos seres vivos é importante para determinação de suas funções potenciais, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo estudar a diversidade genética, através de marcadores moleculares AFLP, de 32 isolados de B. subtilis com a finalidade de se encontrar, dentre os mesmos, um (ou mais isolados) que apresentasse maior similaridade com o isolado ACB-69, o qual apresenta potencial para o controle da doença. Diante disso, os resultados obtidos neste trabalho, permitiram concluir que: a) os isolados de B. subtilis estudados agruparam-se no filograma de distância genética, independente da procedência ou do hospedeiro; b) os isolados ACB-69 e ACB-83, com potenciais para o controle da queda prematura dos frutos cítricos, compartilham da mesma ancestralidade, o que pode ser inferido pela metodologia aplicada; c) em termos biológicos; o isolado ACB-83 merece mais estudos quanto à viabilidade de controle de doenças de citros, como a queda prematura dos frutos cítricos e a manha preta dos frutos cítricos, sob condições de campo.

O papel das subsidiárias e a internacionalização das atividades tecnológicas pelas Empresas Transnacionais (ETNs)

Este estudo se propõe a analisar os mandatos das subsidiárias de empresas transnacionais (ETNs) no estrangeiro por intermédio dos mecanismos de alocação das atividades de pesquisa e desenvolvimento (P&D) entre os centros descentralizados de pesquisa. Iniciamos o trabalho com a apresentação de uma síntese das diferentes perspectivas encontradas na literatura econômica sobre a subordinação (ou condicionamentos) da autonomia administrativa e tecnológica das filiais. Tal síntese permite estabelecer uma hierarquia entre as subsidiárias e uma tipologia para evolução (retrocesso) de mandatos construída, principalmente, para as ETNs estruturadas em forma de rede corporativa. A seguir, a partir de pesquisas realizadas sobre as atividades dos laboratórios de P&D da indústria de equipamentos de telecomunicações no Brasil, procuramos mostrar que: a) a descentralização das atividades tecnológicas é um fato que não está restrito apenas aos países centrais; b) as tecnologias de informação permitiram que as subsidiárias no país se integrassem aos laboratórios centrais das ETNs, dando-lhes condições de desenvolver e participar de outras atividades tecnológicas, além das tradicionais funções de adaptação de processo e de produtos.

Phytase immobilization on modified electrodes for amperometric biosensing

Phytase (myo-inositol hexaphosphate phosphohydrolase) and phytic acid (myo-inositol hexaphosphate) play an important environmental role, in addition to being a health issue in food industry. Phytic acid is antinutritional due to its ability to chelate metal ions and may also react with proteins decreasing their bioavailability. In this work, we produced biosensors with phytase immobilized in Layer-by-Layer (LbL) films, which could detect phytic acid with a detection limit of 0.19 mmol L-1, which is sufficient to detect phytic acid in seeds of grains and vegetables. The biosensosrs consisted of LbL films containing up to eight bilayers of phytase alternated with poly(allylamine) hydrochloride (PAH) deposited onto an indium-tin oxide (ITO) substrate modified with Prussian Blue. Amperometric detection was conducted in an acetate buffer solution (at pH 5.5) at room temperature, with the biosensor response attributed to the formation of phosphate ions. In subsidiary experiments with the currents measured at 0.0 V (vs. SCE), we demonstrated the absence of effects from some interferents, pointing to a good selectivity of the biosensor. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

DNA damage in cytologically normal urothelial cells of patients with a history of urothelial cell carcinoma

In order to determine if patients with a history of previous urothelial cell carcinoma (UCC) but with current normal urinary cytology have DNA damage in urothelial cells, the single-cell gel electrophoresis (comet) assay was conducted with cells obtained by urinary bladder washings from 44 patients (28 with a history of previous UCC). Increased DNA damage was observed in cytologically normal urothelial cells of patients with a history of UCC when compared with referents with no similar history and after correcting the data for smoking status and age (P < 0.018). Increased DNA damage also correlated with the highest tumor grade, irrespective of time or course of the disease after clinical intervention (Kendall tau correlation, 0.37, P = 0.016). Moreover, aneuploidy, as assessed by DNA content ratio (DCR; 75th/25th percentile of total DNA fluorescence of 50 comets/patient) was unaltered by smoking status, but increased with UCC grade: 1.39 +/- 0.12 (median +/- 95% confidence interval; referents); 1.43 +/- 0.11 (Grade I UCC; P = 0.264, against referents); 1.49 +/- 0.16 (Grade II UCC; P = 0.057); 1.57 +/- 0.16 (Grade III UCC; P = 0.003). Micronucleated urothelial cells (MNC) were also scored on Giemsa-stained routine cytological smears and were found not to correlate with DNA damage or DCR. MNC frequencies were higher for patients with a history of UCC and/or smoking than referents with neither history, but there was no statistical difference between groups. Taken together, these results suggest that the normal-appearing urothelium of patients resected for UCC still harbor genetically unstable cells. (C) 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Cytogenetic damage in circulating lymphocytes and buccal mucosa cells of head-and-neck cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy

This study evaluated cytogenetic damage by measuring the frequency of micronucleated cells (MNC) in peripheral blood and buccal mucosa of head-and-neck cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy.MNC frequencies were assessed in 31 patients before, during, and after radiotherapy, and in 17 C, healthy controls matched for gender, age, and smoking habits. Results showed no statistically significant difference between patients and controls prior to radiotherapy in cytokinesis-blocked lymphocytes or buccal mucosa cells. During treatment, increased MNC frequencies were observed in both cell types. Micronucleated lymphocyte levels remained high in samples collected 30 to 140 days after the end of treatment, while MNC frequency in buccal mucosa decreased to values statistically similar to baseline values. There is controversy over the effects of age, smoking habit, tumor stage, and/or metastasis on MNC frequency. However, increased frequency of micronucleated buccal mucosa cells was seen in patients under 60 years old and in those with tumors >4cm.In conclusion, the data show that radiotherapy has a potent clastogenic effect in Circulating lymphocytes and buccal mucosa cells of head-and-neck cancer patients, and that the baseline MNC frequency in these two tissues is not a sensitive marker for head-and neck neoplasm.

Leaf anatomy as a contribution to the taxonomy of Salacioideae N.Hall, ex Thorne & Reveal (Celastraceae)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Review and update on the biology of coptotermes havilandi (Isoptera, Rhinotermitidae)

The introduction of Coptotermes havilandi in Brazil and some aspects of its biology are reviewed. We also describe an aerial principal nest collected from the 15th floor of a high-rise building and its subsidiary nest collected from the 14th floor of the same building. The population of the principal nest consisted of one imaginal physogastric queen, one imaginal king, 20 nymphoid neotenics (14 females and 6 males), 188 nymphs, many workers, presoldiers, soldiers and larvae. The population of the subsidiary nest consisted of 32 nymphoid neotenics (all females), alates, 2 preneotenics, some larvae and nymphs, many workers, presoldiers and soldiers. These neotenics were larger than those found in the principal nest. No eggs were found in either nest. A morphometric analysis of the nymphs and nymphoids was carried out and the morphology of the neotenics and of the imaginai reproductives is described.

Diques clásticos na formação corumbataí (p) no nordeste da bacia do paraná, SP: Análise sistemática e significações estratigráficas, sedimentológicas e tectônicas

This paper aims to present the results of systematic survey on clastic dykes in the Corumbataí Formation (Permian), in the northeast region of the State of São Paulo. Besides this, the paper analyses genetic aspects of those features as well as their stratigraphic and sedimentologic implications in terms of geologic evolution of the northeastern Paraná Sedimentary Basin during Permian times. The field works had been developed in 3 main Corumbataí Formation outcrops (2 road cuts and a quarry) supposed to show the most important clastic dikes occurrences in the studied area. Basically, the sedimentary intrusions are formed by fine sand or silt size particles and had penetrated host rocks as near-vertical, centimeter thick, dykes (most common form) or as horizontal sheets, forming clastic sills (subsidiary form), both with variable geometric forms and dimensions. A lot of dyke walls show undulations suggesting pre-diagenetic clastic intrusions, probably near the ancient depositional surface. Almost all intrusions occur in the superior third portion of the Corumbataí Formation and some similar features seem to appear in the adjoining superposed Pirambóia Formation base. In this article the authors defend a seismic origin hypothesis for the clastic intrusions. It is important to mention that clastic intrusions tend to occur linked to expressive seismic events, with magnitude upper to 5. The analysis of isopach maps of the Permian and Mesozoic units of the Paraná Sedimentary Basin in the study area suggests a depositional system changing, from epicontinental sea conditions to shallow platform and, finally, to coastal deserts. Probably, this environmental change was driven by regional uplift accompanied by seismic events. It is possible that ancient seismicity triggered liquefaction processes and the resulting clastic intrusions. In this sense, those clastic features might be properly namedseismites.

Integration practices for the technological innovation of products: Case studies at two large technological companies

Studies on innovation and technology management have emphasized the importance of integration between the research and development (R&D) department and others involved with the product development process (PDP) as a relevant practice for the good performance of technological innovation of product activities. This study addresses the topic of transfers of technologies to new product projects and also integration practices between the R&D department and others involved with the PDP. A qualitative study was conducted that was operationalized through two case studies at large high-tech companies: One is Brazilian and the other is a multinational subsidiary in Brazil. Among its main result, this paper represents and analyzes management practices that are favorable to integration in product development projects that demand development and transfer of technologies, such as: participation of R&D personnel in market activities, the adoption of virtual interaction mechanisms, and the application of methods such as technology roadmaps. © Universidad Alberto Hurtado, Facultad de Economía y Negocios.

Lei dos genéricos e concorrência na indústria farmacêutica brasileira: estudo de casos sobre a atuação das empresas transnacionais

Pós-graduação em Economia - FCLAR

Ação do vento em cobertura de madeira roliça para galpões de fertilizantes

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Alterações cromossômicas em células uroteliais esfoliadas de pacientes com história de carcinoma de células transicionais

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Morfo-anatomia e envelhecimento acelerado em diásporos de oenocarpus bacaba Mart. - Arecaceae

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)