Delays in stabilization or in reforms? The debt crisis

Empirical analyses attributing the 1980s' debt crisis to inconsistent stabilization policies rest on an inappropriate long-run approach. Revising this long-run approach yields opposite results: terms of trade shocks and foreign indebtedness explain this crisis, regardless of domestic stabilization policies. This prompts us to consider a new hypothesis, of delays in trade-policy reforms, with a model in which terms-of-trade variation (under shocks) is endogenous to export structure and efficiency of resource allocation. Evidence from the structural equations model shows that allocation distortions negatively affect changes in terms of trade, which then explain this crisis. A political economy extension demonstrates that income inequality and regional trade policy determine the distortions, which in turn leads to this crisis.

Charles Sanders Peirce: ciência enquanto semiótica

O diagrama do signo, quando aplicado no entendimento da ciência, dá lugar a uma correlação original entre abdução, dedução e indução. A união da abdução e da dedução consiste numa Forma geral de possibilidade lógica. Enquanto que a indução estabelece, no decorrer da experiência, a razão de freqüência no universo dos fatos das conseqüências previstas na representação geral. Como uma construção formal, a ciência enquanto semiótica sustenta-se, mesmo tendo por objeto um universo do puro acaso. Todavia, no interior do conjunto total do sistema filosófico de Peirce, a ciência só adquire significado se corresponder à realidade da Natureza. A garantia desta correspondência estatisticamente relevante seria o fato de o instinto humano pertencer ao mesmo estágio de evolução do universo todo.

Oral lichen planus versus epithelial dysplasia: difficulties in diagnosis

O diagnóstico histopatológico do líquen plano bucal não é fácil, pois alguns casos de displasia epitelial podem apresentar características bastante semelhantes às do líquen plano. OBJETIVO: Comparar as alterações celulares sugestivas de malignidade presentes no líquen plano bucal com as da displasia epitelial. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Cortes histológicos de líquen plano bucal e displasia, corados com hematoxilina-eosina, foram analisados por meio da microscopia de luz. RESULTADOS: A análise de variância (alfa=5%) revelou haver diferença estatisticamente significante entre o número médio de alterações celulares no líquen plano bucal (5,83±1,61) e na displasia epitelial (4,46±1,26). O teste de qui-quadrado não mostrou diferença estatisticamente significante entre o líquen plano bucal e a displasia epitelial em relação às seguintes alterações celulares: aumento da relação núcleo/citoplasma, hipercromatismo nuclear, distribuição irregular da cromatina e núcleos aumentados (p>0,05). CONCLUSÃO: Algumas alterações celulares sugestivas de malignidade presentes no líquen plano bucal também podem ser encontradas na displasia epitelial, dificultando o seu diagnóstico e, consequentemente enfatizando a importância do acompanhamento a longo prazo dos pacientes com a doença.

Ciclos clássicos num ambiente de racionalidade limitada

O presente trabalho toma como ponto de partida o modelo macrodinâmico de Richard M. Goodwin, apresentado no clássico artigo A Growth Cycle (1967). Neste modelo a interação entre distribuição de renda e acumulação de capital gera um ciclo de crescimento que oscila em torno de uma trajetória de crescimento equilibrado. O objetivo do presente trabalho é investigar a possibilidade de existência de ciclos goodwinianos com heterogeneidade de salários e de taxas de lucro. Essa análise é realizada considerando o processo de concorrência entre trabalhadores num ambiente de racionalidade limitada. Para formalizar o processo de concorrência entre trabalhadores foram utilizados dois recursos: (i) a alegoria das ilhas , que tem sido amplamente adotada na macroeconomia moderna, a fim de apreender situações de informação imperfeita; e (ii) os instrumentos analíticos desenvolvidos pela teoria dos jogos evolucionários aplicada a ambientes sociais. O modelo construído combina o modelo de Goodwin com uma formalização estilizada do fluxo de trabalho como um processo de imitação num ambiente de racionalidade limitada (dinâmica de replicação num contexto social). Neste modelo demonstra-se a possibilidade de o sistema econômico não convergir para um estado de equilíbrio de longo prazo e a possibilidade do sistema econômico convergir para um ciclo goodwiniano caracterizado por heterogeneidade de salários e de taxas de lucro.

IMPORTANCE OF CONTROLLING THE STRESS IN THE VALIDATION OF BIOLOGICAL RESULTS

The stress syndrome includes ample phenomena, characterized by complex neuroendocrinological alterations. Such alterations, in the long run, give rise to important modifications in reply of different organs and tissues to diverse agonists, specially sympathicommentic. These alterations, at least partially, are part of an ''adjustment mechanism'' of the tissues. Thus this possibility of obtaining altered responses in function of stress leads to the need of special care in the prevention and control of stressogenic stimuli in the process of research. Taking cave of preventing stressogenic stimuli, it becomes possible to determine a profile of trustworthy replies, considered as standard From such reply standards, toe can know more clearly what is a ''normal'' response or what is a response ''altered'' by some factor, specially stress.

Coastal Marine Mapping as an Ecosystem Based Management - the case study of the Baixada Santista Region - São Paulo, Brazil

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

A Biophysical Evaluation of a MSW-to-energy System

A biophysical understanding of the MSW-to-energy facility located at the Sao Joao landfill in São Paulo is performed using emergy synthesis. The implementation of a plan for environmental compensation in fulfillment of State's requirements was also assessed. Emergy based indices are calculated to assess the environmental pressure and sustainability status of the biogas project. The study was conducted by combining the study of emergy indicators and the net emergy yield ratio to determine long-term sustainability and measure global environmental stress. The Emergy investment to the use of biogas is relatively low and profitable. The implementation of the project for environmental compensation does not change the Emergy investment significantly, but the energy recovery is high. The conclusions justify the effort invested in developing MSW-to-energy plants and are applicable for policy makers in a highly sensitive sector to achieve sustainability goals - recovery of energy.

Le progrès technique chez Joan Robinson : un essai de systématisation et de formalisation

This paper deals with Joan Robinson's contributions to the issue of technical progress and her attempts of treating this subject in accordance to the Keynesian theory of employment and income distribution, mainly in the long run. This paper aims to review this aspect of her work and to establish a systematisation and a formalisation of her approach. At the same time the paper exposes the problems she faced - and did not always solve. Looking through her main contributions, the paper concludes that she used different criteria for the classification of innovations and that they depended on the specific situations described by the models in which she used the classification.

Technical Progress in Joan Robinson's View: An attempt at systematisation and formalisation

This paper deals with Joan Robinson's contributions to the issue of technical progress and her attempts at treating this subject in accordance with the Keynesian theory of employment and income distribution, mainly in the long run. The paper aims to review this aspect of her work and to establish a systematisation and a formalisation of her approach. At the same time, the paper exposes the problems she faced - but did not always solve. Looking through her main contributions, the paper concludes that she used different criteria for the classification of innovations and that they depended on the specific situations described by the models in which she used the classification.

Regional hydroclimatic variability and Brazil's 2001 energy crisis

Purpose - This paper seeks to address the issue of persistent and widespread drought conditions during 2000 and 2001, which were the apparent cause of the decline of water levels in the reservoirs of Brazilian hydroelectric power plants. Design/methodology/approach - This issue is addressed here through a case study of the hydroclimatology of the Paraíba river basin, in Southeast Brazil, home to four large multi-purpose operational reservoirs. Findings - The data analysis shows that neither changes in the frequency nor magnitude of extreme hydrological events (droughts and floods) nor in annual rainfall amounts can be detected from the existing climate record. The explanation is consistent with the fact that the terrestrial water and energy cycles are tightly, and non-linearly, coupled through evapotranspiration. Research limitations/implications - Therefore small change in the seasonality of rainfall can have a significant impact on the basin's overall hydrologic regime, and thus on the availability of water resources. Originality/value - Often, adaptation and resilience to climate variability are discussed in the context of catastrophic events such as floods and droughts. This study suggests that a different type of impacts, those associated with subtle, yet persistent changes of seasonality in the terrestrial water cycle, cannot be ignored in studies of long-term sustainability of water resources. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.

Diversity and genetic population structure of the Brazilian sharpnose shark Rhizoprionodon lalandii

Similar to many small, range-restricted elasmobranchs, the Brazilian sharpnose shark (Rhizoprionodon lalandii) is listed as 'data deficient' by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Data on stock assessment and sustainability are scarce, and there is no information on population structure. This constitutes a management problem because this shark comprises approximately 50% of the catch of small coastal sharks in Brazil. In this study, populations of R. lalandii distributed from the Caribbean to southern Brazil were investigated using sequences from the mitochondrial DNA control region. Analysis of molecular variance revealed strong structuring between population samples from the Caribbean and those from the Brazilian coast (F{cyrillic}ST=0.254, P<0.0001). Significant differences in the rates of genetic diversity between these major areas were also detected. The observed levels of population structuring are likely to be driven by female phylopatry. Therefore, the identification of both mating and nursery areas with parallel ban/restriction of fishing in these areas may be critical for the long-term sustainability of these populations. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Busca em vizinhança variável aplicado na solução do problema de planejamento da expansão do sistema de transmissão de energia elétrica

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Moeda e política monetária: duas visões

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

As fronteiras da província: rotas de comércio interprovincial, Minas Gerais, 1839-1884

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

O uso de wavelets na determinação do expoente de Hurst de uma série temporal diária de chuvas do município de Araras-SP de 1955-2000

Pós-graduação em Física - IGCE