Atributos químicos do solo e produtividade da cultura de soja em área de semeadura direta após calagem superficial

This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of surface application of lime rates on soil chemical attributes and soybean yield in a no-tillage system. It was installed a field experiment in a factorial 2×4, and the factors were: two types of lime (calcitic and dolomitic); four rates (0.0 - 0.5 - 1.0 and 1.5 t ha-1 of CaCO3), in a completely randomized blocks experimental design, with four replications. The experiment was located in Matupá, Mato Grosso State, Brazil, being the work developed between November 2006 and May 2007. The evaluations were chemical attributes in the soil layers (0,0-2,5 cm, 2,5-5,0 cm and 5,0-10,0 cm), and the productive characteristics of soybean. Application of lime increased the soil pH (CaCl 2), the exchangeable Ca and Mg, the effective CEC and the base saturation only in the soil surface layer. The two limes were different only for Ca and Mg values in the first layer of soil, and only for the Mg values in the layer of 2,5-5,0 cm. The surface liming in no-tillage system did not change soybean yield.

Water-soluble nutrients in aerial plant parts of peanut and white oat as affected by lime and gypsum application

A calagem e a gessagem influenciam a disponibilidade e a absorção de nutrientes, podendo alterar a quantidade de ácidos orgânicos na parte aérea das culturas. Essas alterações, quantificadas por meio da análise de nutrientes solúveis em água, podem potencializar o efeito da correção do solo, garantindo a sustentabilidade do sistema de semeadura direta. Nesse sentido, objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da aplicação superficial de calcário e gesso no teor de nutientes solúveis em água nos resíduos vegetais das culturas de amendoim e aveia-branca. O experimento foi realizado em Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico em Botucatu (SP), nos anos agrícolas de 2004/2005 e 2005/2006. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, com quatro repetições, em que as parcelas foram constituídas por doses de calcário, e as subparcelas, pela presença ou ausência da aplicação de gesso. Foi cultivado amendoim no verão e aveia-branca no inverno, em toda a área experimental. Na cultura do amendoim a aplicação de gesso elevou os teores de Ca solúvel em água apenas na primeira safra, em razão do curto período entre a aplicação do produto e a determinação dos teores de nutientes solúveis no extrato vegetal da cultura. A calagem realizada nas culturas de amendoim e aveia-branca elevou os teores solúveis de Ca, Mg, K e não alterou o teor de Cu e reduziu os teores de Zn, Mn e Fe nos dois anos de cultivo. Já a gessagem reduziu os valores da condutividade elétrica do amendoim (2004/2005 e 2005/2006) e da aveia-branca (2004/2005).

Genetic Diversity and Population Differentiation of Guignardia mangiferae from Tahiti Acid Lime

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Macronutrients in Marandu Palisade Grass as Influenced by Lime, Slag, and Nitrogen Fertilization

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Alterações nos atributos químicos de um Latossolo distroférrico decorrentes da granulometria e doses de calcário em sistemas plantio direto e convencional

Atualmente, percebe-se o interesse na calagem superficial, sem prévia incorporação, para instalação do sistema plantio direto (SPD). Dessa forma, objetivou-se determinar os efeitos de granulometria e doses de calcários no SPD, em fase de implantação, e no sistema de plantio convencional (SPC) sobre o pH, H + Al, Ca2+ e Mg2+. O experimento foi realizado no ano agrícola de 1998/99, na FCA/UNESP-Botucatu (SP), em Latossolo Vermelho. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos ao acaso, com parcelas subsubdivididas e quatro repetições. As parcelas representaram os sistemas de plantio (SPD e SPC); as subparcelas, a granulometria dos calcários [grosso (PRNT = 56 %) e fino (PRNT = 90 %)], e as subsubparcelas, as doses de 2, 4 e 6 t ha-1 (calcário grosso) e 1,2; 2,4 e 3,6 t ha-1 (fino). O solo foi amostrado, a 0-5, 5-10, 10-20 e 20-40 cm de profundidade, 1, 3 e 12 meses após a aplicação dos corretivos. A análise de variância não detectou interação tripla entre os fatores. A aplicação de calcário superficial no SPD, independentemente da granulometria e da dose, alterou positivamente os atributos químicos do solo (0-5 e 5-10 cm), 12 meses após a calagem. O corretivo continuou reagindo, independentemente do sistema de plantio, de forma intensa, mesmo após três meses. A aplicação de doses mais elevadas de calcário, com maior granulometria, sugeriu efeito residual prolongado.

Correção da acidez e mobilidade de íons em Latossolo com aplicação superficial de escória, lama cal, lodos de esgoto e calcário

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Pyrolysis and combustion of pulp mill lime sludge

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Study of interstitial oxygen mobility in RuSr2GdCu2O8 by internal friction

The discovery of the spatial uniform coexistence of superconductivity and ferromagnetism in ruthenocuprates, RuSr2GdCu2O8 (Ru-1212), has spurred an extraordinary development in the study of the competition between magnetism and superconductivity. However, several points of their preparation process and characterization that determine their superconductive behaviour are still obscure. The improvement of sample preparation conditions involves some thermal treatments in inert atmosphere. Anelastic spectroscopy measurements were made using an inverted torsion pendulum, operating with an oscillation frequency of 38 Hz, temperature in the 90 and 310 K range, heating rate of 1 K/min, and vacuum better than 10(-3) Pa. The results show anelastic relaxation peaks at 210 K related to the presence of interstitial oxygen atoms. The peaks decrease significantly with the oxygen loss caused by the heat treatments in vacuum, appearing again after the annealing of the sample in an oxygen atmosphere. These observed peaks are clearly related to the additional oxygen atoms, with activation energy 0.13 and 0.36 eV, and can be explained in terms by diffusional jumps of interstitial oxygen in the RuO2 planes. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Quantitative comparison of mobility and gross motor function in Brazilian children with cerebral palsy

Background: Cerebral palsy (CP) presents changes in posture and movement as a core characteristic, which requires therapeutic monitoring during the habilitation or rehabilitation of children. Besides clinical treatment, it is fundamental that professionals use systems of evaluation to quantify the difficulties presented to the individual and assist in the organization of a therapeutic program. The aim of this study was to quantitatively verify the performance of children with spastic di-paresia type CP.Methods: The Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI) and Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFM) tests were used and classification made through the GMFCS in the assessment of 7 patients with CP, 4 females and 3 males, average age of 9 years old.Results: According to GMFCS scales, 17% (n=1) were level II and 83% (n=6) were level III. The PEDI test and 88 GMFM items were used in the area of mobility. We observed that there was high correlation between mobility and gross motor function with Pearson's correlation coefficient =0.929) showing the likely impact of these areas in the functional skills and the quality of life of these patients.Conclusion: We suggest the impact of the limitation of the areas in functional skills and quality of life of these patients.

Mobility, Aesthetic, Implants, and Satisfaction of the Ocular Prostheses Wearers

During the process of facial rehabilitation, the mobility of ocular prostheses must be considered. Whereas some factors depend exclusively on the dentist, such as molding techniques and selection of material for denture construction, regarding ocular rehabilitation, factors, such as type of surgery, whether to adopt implants, and the use of lubricants, deserve special attention owing to their integration and their association with other factors pertaining exclusively to the patient. To establish harmony, and with the intention of aiding the dentist, after a discerning evaluation, the authors of this study report the factors that provide greater or less mobility to ocular prostheses and conceal the prosthesis in a more natural way, thereby contributing toward achieving a favorable aesthetic result in rehabilitations.

Electrical conductivity of silicate glasses with tetravalent cations substituting Si

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Compositional and structural changes at the anodic surface of thermally poled soda-lime float glass

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Nitrate role in basic cation leaching under no-till

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Fruit quality of 'Tahiti' lime (Citrus latifolia Tanak) grafted on twelve different rootstocks

No presente trabalho, avaliou-se a influência de doze porta-enxertos sobre a qualidade dos frutos da lima-ácida 'Tahiti' (Citrus latifolia Tanaka), clone 'IAC-5', amostrados em duas posições nas plantas, em experimento conduzido na Estação de Citricultura de Bebedouro, em um pomar de três anos. O espaçamento utilizado foi de 8.0 x 5.0m. Os porta-enxertos utilizados foram: citrangeiro 'Carrizo' (C. sinensis (L.) Osbeck x Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.); os híbridos 'Cravo' x 'Swingle' (C. limonia Osbeck x P. trifoliata (L.) Raf. x C. paradisi Macf.) e 'Changsha' x 'English Small' (C. sunki Hort. ex Tan. x P. trifoliata Raf.); as tangerineiras 'Sun Chu Sha Kat' (C. reticulata Blanco) e 'Sunki' (C. sunki Hort. ex Tanaka); os limoeiros 'Cravo Limeira' e 'Cravo FCAV' (C. limonia Osbeck); o citrumeleiro 'Swingle' (P. trifoliata Raf. x C. paradisi Macf.), o tangeleiro 'Orlando' (C. reticulata Blanco x C. paradisi Macf.) e os trifoliateiros 'Rubidoux', 'FCAV' e 'Flying Dragon' (Poncirus trifoliata Raf.). Foi utilizado um delineamento em blocos casualizados, com doze tratamentos e seis repetições. Os distintos porta-enxertos induziram diferenças na qualidade dos frutos, entretanto todas as características de qualidade foram consideradas aceitáveis para a variedade, sendo bons substitutos para o limão 'Cravo'.

Oxygen mobility and structural phase transformation in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta measured by anelastic spectroscopy

One of the most studied ceramic superconductors for application has been, undoubtedly, Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta. Although being a multiphasic material, it has proved to have great advantages compared to other ceramic systems. Measurements of the elastic energy loss and modulus (anelastic spectroscopy) as a function of temperature call distinguish among different atomic jumps that occur inside the various phases or at different local ordering. In this paper, mechanical loss spectra of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta bar shaped samples, made by a conventional method, have been measured between 80 and 600 K, using a torsion pendulum operating in frequencies below 50 Hz, for samples annealed in vacuum up to 600 K. Possible relaxation mechanisms are proposed to explain the origin of the mechanical-loss peaks observed 300 and 500 K. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.